中药调节肠道菌群防治高血压的研究进展

肠道菌群是人体内环境的重要组成部分,可影响机体的代谢、免疫和炎症反应,与原发性高血压的发生发展密切相关,已成为防治高血压的研究热点。中药在临床用于原发性高血压的治疗且疗效显著。研究表明中药可被肠道菌群分解代谢为易于吸收的活性物质,而这些活性物质又可通过调节肠道菌群结构及其代谢产物防治高血压。本文以肠道菌群作为切入点,通过分析肠道菌群与原发性高血压发生发展的关系和中药在调节原发性高血压肠道菌群方面的研究,总结中药通过调节肠道菌群防治原发性高血压的作用和机制,以期为中药防治高血压及药物研发提供新的研究思路。     

The Content of Vitamin C in the Grape Grown under the Conditions of Southwestern Siberia

Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry - The grape is a highly valuable food stuff owing to the presence of a number of biologically active substances, and vitamins occupy a special place among...     

ERCP/EST-LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石临床疗效及并发症

目的:考察内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术/十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术加腹腔镜胆囊切除术(endoscopic retrograde pancreatic angiography/endoscopic sphincterotomy-1aparoscopic cholecystectomy,ERCP/EST-LC)对胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床疗效和安全性。方法:选80例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者,随机数字表法分为两组,每组40例,对照组进行LCBDE-LC手术,研究组进行ERCP/EST-LC手术,以手术成功率、围术期相关指标和术后并发症等指标考察对患者的临床疗效。结果:对照组手术成功率为95.0%,研究组患者手术成功率为97.5%,两组无显著差异(P>0.05),研究组患者的手术时间和术中出血量与对照组相比均无显著差异(P>0.05),研究组胃肠功能恢复时间为39.64±5.34 h,显著长于对照组的37.19±3.17 h(P<0.05),研究组住院时间为14.17±2.06 d,显著长于对照组的11.85±2.71 d(P<0.05)。两组患者的胆道感染、急性胰腺炎、肠穿孔、结石残留以及胆管炎的发生率无显著差异(P>0.05),对照组胆漏发生率为7.50%,显著高于研究组的0.00%(P<0.05),而研究组术后出血发生率为10.00%,显著高于对照组的2.50%(P<0.05),对照组并发症总发生率为12.50%,研究组为15.00%,两组比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。对照组术后一年复发率为15.00%,研究组的复发率为17.50%,经统计分析,两组术后复发率无显著差异(P>0.05),其余患者无腹痛、发热、黄疸等情况。结论:ERCP/EST-LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石临床疗效确切、并发症少,安全性高。     

环境温度和体型大小对花绒寄甲成虫死亡率及产卵量的影响

[目的]花绒寄甲Dastarcus helophoroides是天牛类林木蛀干害虫的主要天敌昆虫,为提升花绒寄甲的人工繁育技术和繁育质量,在不同环境温度下,测试了不同体型大小的花绒寄甲对成虫死亡率和产卵量的影响.[方法]按成虫体型大小将花绒寄甲分成较大、较小和中等3组,根据前期不同温度下的饲养经验,分别测试成虫在20、24和28℃下的存活率和产卵量.[结果]体型相同的个体随环境温度升高死亡率增加;20℃时体型小的死亡率高,24℃和28℃各组死亡率无显著性差异;中等个体组在24℃和28℃下的产卵量大于在20℃下的产卵量;同一温度条件下,体型显著影响雌虫的产卵量,体型大者产卵量高.[结论]体型大小对成虫死亡率影响不明显,但对产卵量有较大影响.     

Experimental artificial cultivation of corals from colony fragments

In 2010–2011, experimental commercial cultivation of 14 species of hermatypic corals was carried out using the method of donor colony fragmentation. The transplants successfully survived on experimental frame installations. The coral colonies that were recovered from the fragments became attached to the frame installations in a similar way to their attachment on natural substrata. After 1 year, the size of the trans-plants was found to have increased by 275%. The newly formed artificial coral community was colonized by the damselfish Dascyllus reticulates (Pomacentridae); the species is a common coral fish species that lives on natural reefs.     

Heterotrophic organisms and viruses in the Oka River and Cheboksary Reservoir during the abnormally hot summer of 2010

In July 2010, abnormally high water temperature (25–29°C), as well as increased biomass and phytoplankton production caused intensive development of heterotrophic bacteria and heterotrophic nanoflagellates. It was found that the abundance, biomass, and production of heterotrophic bacterioplankton, as well as the abundance and biomass of heterotrophic nanoflagellates, and the number of planktonic viruses, which were calculated on average for the reservoir under study, turned out to be higher in the years with lower water temperature (20–23°C). The virus-induced mortality of bacterioplankton in the Oka River and the Cheboksary Reservoir averaged 25.4 ± 3.4 and 22.4 ± 2.7% of the daily bacterioplankton production.     

应用改进的多聚组氨酸标签T7表达载体构建肺癌cDNA文库

应用噬菌体C端展示系统构建的cDNA文库缺乏开放阅读框筛选机制,文库中多数噬菌体克隆展示框外非天然短肽,给后期蛋白质的筛选带来了不便. 为实现噬菌体的ORF筛选功能,利用PCR技术对已有载体T7Select10-3b进行改造,在MCS处外源cDNA插入位点的3′端引入6聚组氨酸筛选标签,经包装后挑取成功表达的单克隆构建肺癌cDNA文库. 经镍柱亲和层析后,收集文库中表达组氨酸的克隆,利用化学发光免疫试验进行筛选效果鉴定. 结果显示,改造的新型载体可成功表达组氨酸标签,以此构建的肺癌cDNA文库经筛选后,含ORF插入的克隆由筛前的6 %提高至70 %,本研究为提高cDNA文库的质量提供了一种简便可行的方法.     

转酮酶在癌症中的作用及其机制研究进展

肿瘤细胞的一大重要特征是代谢水平的改变。戊糖磷酸途径作为细胞产生NADPH和五碳糖的主要通路,在肿瘤发生发展过程中发挥着重要功能。转酮酶是戊糖磷酸途径中的关键酶之一,越来越多的研究表明其与癌症病人预后具有显著相关性。作为肿瘤诊断、治疗的潜在靶标,转酮酶具有重要的研究价值。我们就目前癌症研究中对转酮酶的研究进展做简要综述。     

Generalized Bohm’s criterion and negative anode voltage fall in electric discharges

The value of the voltage fall across the anode sheath is found as a function of the current density. Analytic solutions are obtained in a wide range of the ratio of the directed velocity of plasma electrons v ₀ to their thermal velocity v _T . It is shown that the voltage fall in a one-dimensional collisionless anode sheath is always negative. At the small values of v ₀/v _T , the obtained expression asymptotically transforms into the Langmuir formula. Generalized Bohm’s criterion for an electric discharge with allowance for the space charge density ρ(0), electric field E(0), ion velocity v _i (0), and ratio v ₀/v _T at the plasma-sheath interface is formulated. It is shown that the minimum value of the ion velocity v _i ^* (0) corresponds to the vanishing of the electric field at one point inside the sheath. The dependence of v _i ^* (0) on ρ(0), E(0), and v ₀/v _T determines the boundary of the existence domain of stationary solutions in the sheath. Using this criterion, the maximum possible degree of contraction of the electron current at the anode is determined for a short high-current vacuum arc discharge.     

Specific features of the structure of the Z-pinch emitting region formed during the implosion of a foam-wire load at the ANGARA-5-1 facility

Results are presented from experimental studies of the structure of the compressed plasma of a Z-pinch produced during the implosion of a foam-wire load at the current of up to 3 MA. The foam-wire load consisted of two nested cylindrical cascades, one of which was a solid or hollow cylinder made of low-density agar-agar foam, while the other was a wire array. The wall thickness of a hollow foam cylinder was 100–200 μm. The images of the pinch and its spectrum obtained with the help of multiframe X-ray cameras and a grazing incidence spectrograph with a spatial resolution were analyzed. Data on the spatial structure of the emitting regions and the soft X-ray (SXR) spectrum of the Z-pinch in the final stage of compression of a foam-wire load were obtained. The implosion modes characterized by the formation of hot regions during implosion of such loads were revealed. The characteristic scale lengths of the hot regions were determined. It is shown that the energy distribution of SXR photons in the energy range from 80 eV to 1 keV forms the spatial structure of Z-pinch images recorded during the implosion of foam-wire loads. It is revealed that the spectral density of SXR emission in the photon energy range of 300–600 eV from hot Z-pinch regions exceeds the spectral density of radiation from the neighboring Z-pinch regions by more than one order of magnitude. Groups of lines related to the absorption and emission of radiation by atoms and multicharged ions of carbon and oxygen in the outer foam cascade of a foam-wire load were recorded for the first time by analyzing the spatial distribution of the SXR spectra of multicharged ions of the Z-pinch. The groups of absorption lines of ions (C III, O III, O IV, and O VI) corresponding to absorption of SXR photons in the Z-pinch of a tungsten wire array, which served as the inner cascade of a foam-wire load, were identified. The plasma electron temperature measured from the charge composition of carbon and oxygen ions in the outer agar-agar foam cascade was 10–40 eV. During the implosion of foam-wire loads at currents of up to 3 MA, SXR pulses (hν > 100 eV) with a duration of 10 ns and peak power of 3 TW were detected. It is shown that the temporal profile of single-peak and double-peak SXR pulses can be controlled by varying the parameters of the outer and inner cascades of the foam-wire load.