广州市园林植物多样性及其效应的调查研究

选取广州市信园为研究个案,同时先取市内有代表性的5个生态园林区作对比进行植物多样性调查,计算物种多样性指数(SW指数).并把计算结果分别与园区内其它生物多样性的调查结果和环境指标(温度、湿度、土壤含水量、有机质质量分数、含氮量)的检测结果进行分析.结果表明:①有机质质量百分比随植物SW指数上升呈增高趋势, 良好的土壤环境又会促进植物多样性发展;②鸟类、其他小型动物的种类数随植物SW指数上升呈现增高趋势,即植物多样性决定动物物种丰富程度.建议广州市园区的SW指数不应低于2.5.     

分子对接在基于结构药物设计中的应用

分子对接是研究分子间（如配体如受体）相互作用,并预测其结合模式和亲合力的一种理论模拟方法。近年来,分子对接方法已成为计算机辅助药物研究领域的一项重要技术,在数据库搜寻,组合库设计及蛋白作用研究方面得到了广泛发展。     

The role of nitric oxide in cancer

Nitric oxide (NO) is a pleiotropic regulator, critical to numerous biological processes, including va-sodilatation, neurotransmission and macrophage-mediated immunity. The family of nitric oxide synthases (NOS) comprises inducible NOS (iNOS), endothelial NOS (eNOS), and neuronal NOS (nNOS). Interestingly, various studies have shown that all three isoforms can be involved in promoting or inhibiting the etiology of cancer. NOS activity has been detected in tumour cells of various histogenetic origins and has been associated with tumour grade, proliferation rate and expression of important signaling components associated with cancer development such as the oestrogen receptor. It appears that high levels of NOS expression (for example, generated by activated macrophages) may be cytostatic or cytotoxic for tumor cells, whereas low level activity can have the opposite effect and promote tumour growth. Paradoxically therefore, NO (and related reactive nitrogen species) may have both genotoxic and angiogenic pro     

Isolation and characterization of 16 tetranucleotide microsatellite loci in the red panda (Ailurus fulgens)

A total of 15 polymorphic tetranucleotide microsatellite loci in the red panda, Ailurus fulgens, were characterized in this study. Based on evaluations of 33 red pandas, the number of observed alleles for each locus ranged from seven to 17 and the expected and observed heterozygosities were 0.412–0.897 and 0.121–0.909, respectively. The mean polymorphic information content was 0.721. These markers would greatly strengthen the utilization of microsatellite tools in genetic variation studies in red panda populations.     

柔毛淫羊藿及其近缘种叶片非腺毛形态及其分类学意义

柔毛淫羊藿(Epimedium pubescens Maxim.)是中国淫羊藿属植物中分布较为广泛、形态变异较为丰富的物种,柔毛淫羊藿及其近缘种在分类中存在诸多争议。为研究柔毛淫羊藿及其近缘种变异规律和进行种的界限划分,该研究对柔毛淫羊藿31个居群和近缘种星花羊藿3个居群、镇巴淫羊藿1个居群、万源淫羊藿1个居群共36个居群的叶背非腺毛进行了显微观察。结果显示：(1)所观察到的非腺毛分为直毛、曲毛、伏曲毛、长伏毛、拟短伏毛、短伏毛、单细胞毛7个大类19个小类,并发现每个居群或每个个体的叶背面非腺毛是由多种类型构成。(2)共观察到13个居群具有乳突,且69.2%非腺毛较少(非腺毛密度少于50个/mm²)的居群具有乳突;而且共有27个居群中具有单细胞毛,占该研究36个居群的75%。(3)以非腺毛密度、主要类型构成进行居群归类,其中柔毛淫羊藿21个居群为直毛群(A),柔毛淫羊藿7个居群为曲毛群(B),柔毛淫羊藿2个居群、星花淫羊藿3个居群、镇巴淫羊藿1个居群为长伏毛群(D),柔毛淫羊藿1个居群为拟短伏毛群(E),万源淫羊藿1个居群为短伏毛群(F),所有居群均共有直毛类非腺毛,说明直毛类非腺毛为柔毛淫羊藿及其近缘种的核心类型非腺毛。(4)从居群内非腺毛类型组成的角度梳理出了居群间的演化关系,直毛群：AⅠ→AⅡ→AⅢ→AⅣ→AⅤ;曲毛群：BⅠ→BⅡ→BⅢ→BⅣ;长伏毛群：DⅠ→DⅡ→DⅢ;直毛群→曲毛群;短直毛群→短伏毛特化群;短直毛群→拟短伏毛特化群,且居群间的演化关系与地理分布呈现良好的相关性。(5)单细胞毛为淫羊藿属中首次发现。研究认为,单细胞毛可能与主流非腺毛类型(直毛和曲毛)和地理分布有关,但乳突则与叶背面的非腺毛密度可能存在负相关关系;该研究结果支持将星花淫羊藿归为柔毛淫羊藿种下等级的分类处理。     

Visualization of chromatin folding patterns in chicken erythrocytes by atomic force microscopy （AFM）

The organization of the higher order structure of chromatin in chicken erythrocytes has been examined with tapping-mode scanning force microscopy under conditions close to their native envirinment.Reproducible highresolution AFM images of chromatin compaction at several levels can be demonstrated.An extended beads-on-astring (width of - 15-20nm,height of - 2-3nm for each individual nucleosome) can be consistently observed.Furthermore,superbeade (width of - 40nm,height of - 7nm) are demonstrated.Visualization of the solenoid conformation at the level of 30nm chromatin fiber is attained either by using AFM or by using electron microscopy.In addition,tightly coiled chromatin fibers (- 50-60nm and - 90-110nm) can be revealed.Our data suggest that the chromatin in the interphase nucleus of chicken erythrocyte represents a high-order conformation and AFM provides useful high-resolution structural information concerning the folding pattern of interphase chromatin fibers.     

短尾猴和猕猴距骨形态的研究

本文对短尾猴(Macaca arctoides)和(M．mulatta)猴猕的距骨形态进行了比较研究。结果表明,距骨的一些变量,如楔形指数\距一腓骨连接面长、距骨颈长及总长在两种间存在明显差异。从距骨形态结构和多变量(三维空间模式)分析,短尾猴比猕猴具有更多的地上活动时间的可能性。     

Foliar modifications induced by inhibition of polar transport of auxin

The effects of auxin polar transport inhibitors,9-hydroxy-fluorene-9-carboxylic acid (HFCA);2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid(TIBA) and trans-cinnamic acid (CA) on leaf pattern formation were investigated with shoots formed from cultured leaf explants of tobacco and cultured pedicel explants of Orychophragmus violaceus,and the seedlings of tobacco and Brassica chinensis,Although the effective concentration varies with the inhibitors used,all of the inhibitors induced the formation of trumpet-shaped and/or fused leaves.The frequency of trumpet-shaped leaf formation was related to the concentration of inhibitors in the medium.Histological observation of tobacco seedlings showed that there was only one main vascular bundle and several minor vascular bundles in normal leaves of the control,but there were several vascular bundles of more or less the same size in the trumpet-shaped leaves of treated ones.These results indicated that auxin polar transport played an important role on bilateral symmetry of leaf growth.     

综述: N-连接完整糖肽的质谱分析策略和研究方法

蛋白质糖基化作为最普遍、最重要的蛋白质修饰,一直是组学研究的焦点之一．近十几年来,N-连接糖蛋白质组学研究普遍采用的方法是将糖链与所修饰的多肽分开进行分析．该策略虽降低了分析难度,却也丢失了糖链与蛋白质糖基化位点间重要的对应关系信息．近年来,完整糖肽的质谱分析策略和方法逐步建立起来．总体而言,要实现对完整糖肽的直接质谱分析,首先需要从复杂样品中富集完整糖肽以消除非糖基化多肽对完整糖肽分析的影响,然后在质谱分析中还需要根据糖肽特性调整相应质谱分析参数,最后在后续数据分析中还需要开发相应的分析软件以完成完整糖肽中多肽序列和糖链组成或结构的鉴定．本文即从以上三个主要方面系统阐述目前N-完整糖肽分析中常用的质谱和数据分析策略和方法,并进一步在糖肽谱图识别、母离子单同位素分子质量校正、数据库选择以及假阳性率评估和控制等方面都进行了逐一探讨．完整糖肽的直接质谱分析有助于获取糖链和糖基化位点间的对应关系信息,可为生物标志物发现和疾病致病机理等研究提供更有力的糖蛋白质组学研究工具．