南京老山秤锤树空间分布格局及种间关联性

以南京老山1 hm 2样地秤锤树(Sinojackia xylocarpa)天然种群为研究对象,运用成对g(r)函数,选择完全随机模型、异质泊松模型与先决条件零模型,分析秤锤树种群结构和空间分布格局及其空间关联性,从空间格局角度来深入认识其种群结构和分布格局及形成该格局可能存在的机制并提出保护建议。结果表明:(1)秤锤树天然种群中小径个体数量占优,属于增长型种群。(2)种内空间分布研究中,基于完全随机模型分析,秤锤树种群在尺度0~26 m时为聚集分布,尺度29~30 m时为均匀分布;基于异质泊松模型分析,秤锤树种群在0~23 m时为聚集分布,尺度27~30 m时为均匀分布。秤锤树空间分布表现为由聚集分布向均匀分布变化。(3)主要种间关联性研究中,秤锤树与朴树(Celtis sinensis)的种间关联性表现为小尺度下负关联,随着空间尺度的增加变为正关联。秤锤树与黄连木(Pistacia chinensis)和秤锤树与三角槭(Acer buergerianum)的种间关联性大致相同,基本为大尺度下正关联,偶尔出现负关联和无关联。上述结果表明,秤锤树种群更新状况良好,种群空间分布以聚集分布为主,其主要受种间竞争、扩散限制与密度制约的影响。基于种群现状开展就地保护与适当干扰其生存群落,是濒危物种秤锤树的科学有效的保护措施。     

泛素化结合酶E2抑制剂对草菇15 ℃保鲜的影响

为了改进草菇低温保鲜方法,在15 ℃贮藏条件下,采用泛素化结合酶E2 (UBEV2)抑制剂对草菇子实体进行处理,并开展相关生理指标和基因表达检测。结果表明,使用100 μmol/L的UBEV2抑制剂L345-0044维持了草菇较好的品质,提高了草菇可溶性糖的含量。低温明显提升抑制剂处理下的碱性蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶活力,并证实了低温胁迫显著提高了抑制剂处理下的一种类型蛋白酶肽基赖氨酸金属内肽酶的表达。本研究证实了草菇可溶性糖和高活性的冷诱导金属内肽酶对于延长草菇的低温保鲜时间是必须的。     

RFLP mapping of QTLs for yield and related characters in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Quantitative triat loci (QTLs) for yield and related traits in rice were mapped based on RFLP maps from two indica/indica F₂ populations, Tesanai 2/CB and Waiyin 2/CB. In Tesanai 2/CB, 14 intervals carrying QTLs for eight traits were detected, including 3 for grain weight per plant (GWT), 2 for number of panicles per plant (NP), 2 for number of grains per panicle (NG), 1 for total number of spikelets per panicle (TNS), 1 for spikelet fertility (SF), 3 for 1000-grain weight (TGWT), 1 for spikelet density (SD), and 1 for number of first branches per main panicle. The 3 QTLs for GWT were located on chromosomes 1, 2, and 4, with 1 in each chromosome. The additive effect of the single locus ranged from 2.0 g to 9.1 g. A major gene (np4) for NP was detected on chromosome 4 within the interval of RG143–RG214, about 4cM for RG143, and this locus explained 26.1% of the observed phenotypic variance for NP. The paternal allele of this locus was responsible for reduced panicles per plant (3 panicles per plant). In another population, Waiyin 2/CB, 12 intervals containing QTLs for six of the above-mentioned traits were detected, including 3 for GWT, 2 for each of NP, TNS, TGWT and SD, 1 for SF. Three QTLs for GWT were located on chromosome 1, 4, and 5, respectively. The additive effect of the single locus for GWT ranged from 6.7 g to 8.8 g, while the dominance effect was 1.7–11.5 g. QTL mapping in two populations with a common male parent is compared and discussed.     

Cancer-initiating cells derived from human rectal adenocarcinoma tissues carry mesenchymal phenotypes and resist drug therapies

Accumulating evidence indicates that cancer-initiating cells (CICs) are responsible for cancer initiation, relapse, and metastasis. Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is typically classified into proximal colon, distal colon, and rectal cancer. The gradual changes in CRC molecular features within the bowel may have considerable implications in colon and rectal CICs. Unfortunately, limited information is available on CICs derived from rectal cancer, although colon CICs have been described. Here we identified rectal CICs (R-CICs) that possess differentiation potential in tumors derived from patients with rectal adenocarcinoma. The R-CICs carried both CD44 and CD54 surface markers, while R-CICs and their immediate progenies carried potential epithelial–mesenchymal transition characteristics. These R-CICs generated tumors similar to their tumor of origin when injected into immunodeficient mice, differentiated into rectal epithelial cells in vitro, and were capable of self-renewal both in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, subpopulations of R-CICs resisted both 5-fluorouracil/calcium folinate/oxaliplatin (FolFox) and cetuximab treatment, which are the most common therapeutic regimens used for patients with advanced or metastatic rectal cancer. Thus, the identification, expansion, and properties of R-CICs provide an ideal cellular model to further investigate tumor progression and determine therapeutic resistance in these patients.     

培养时间对蛹拟青霉(Paecilomyces militaris)菌丝体中代谢产物的影响

[目的]通过测定不同培养时间蛹拟青霉(Paecilomyces militaris)菌丝体中次级代谢产物的变化,分析蛹拟青霉次级代谢产物与培养时间之间的关系.[方法]液体种子接入SDAY固体培养基 ;培养温度为25℃,培养周期为9d,从第2天开始每天取样 ;用甲醇与乙酸乙酯分别提取菌丝体中次级代谢产物,离心、过滤后合并提取液,用液质联用仪进行分析,用MetaboAnalyst software软件进行数据采集分析.[结果]主成分分析结果表明供试菌株在不同培养时间内其菌丝中次级代谢产物差异显著.聚类分析结果显示,供试拟青霉对生物碱、肽类和核苷等易形成阳离子类物质的代谢物可分为前中后三个阶段.供试拟青霉对糖类和有机酸等易形成阴离子类物质的代谢主要分为前后两个阶段.差异代谢物及热图分析结果表明,在培养的第2和第3天含量显著增加的代谢产物种类较多,主要有酯类及其水解产物、细胞破坏素B和拟青霉素,以及多种尚未鉴定的含氮化合物等 ;在培养第4和第5天含量显著增加的差异代谢物质种类较少,主要有细胞破坏素A和团囊虫草素等肽类抗菌杀虫物质 ;在培养第6天至第9天含量显著增加的代谢物种类较多,除多种白僵菌交酯和细胞破坏素等肽类抗生素外,显著增加的还有多种脂肪酸、氨基酸、鼠李糖、海藻糖、脑苷脂类化合物和核黄素等物质.[结论]培养时间对蛹拟青霉菌丝中次级代谢产物的产生有显著影响.在培养初期,菌体中酯类及细胞破坏素B和拟青霉素等含氮化合物的合成旺盛.在培养中期,次生代谢物明显减少,但细胞破坏素A2和团囊虫草素等肽类抗生素的合成却仍显著增多.在培养后期,供试蛹拟青霉除代谢出多种白僵菌交酯等肽类抗生素外,还大量产生有机酸、氨基酸和海藻糖等物质.虽然在整个培养过程中都有肽类抗生素产生,但这些抗生素并不相同,同时后一阶段新的抗生素的产生常常伴随着前一阶段的抗生素减少,因此前期的抗生素可能是后期产生的抗生素的前体.     

Development of a compact capillary electrophoresis–chemiluminescence system with ultra‐fast peroxyoxalate reaction to monitor the hydrolysis of rhodamine 6G

A simple and effective capillary electrophoresis–chemiluminescence (CE–CL) detection system was developed based on an ultra‐fast bis(2,4,6‐trichlorophenyl)oxalate (TCPO) chemiluminescence (CL) reaction (0.6 s duration) that avoided overlapping peaks and peak tailing. Through a series of static injection experiments, this unusually rapid CL reaction was ascribed to the catalytic effect of imidazole in the tetrahydrofuran solvent, which has been rarely utilized in such investigations. A possible mechanism is given to explain the results. Under the optimized conditions, rhodamine 6 G (R6G) and its hydrolysis product (R6G‐COOH) could be efficiently separated through electrophoresis in 7 min, with sensitive CL detection in the proposed CE–CL system. In this way, the alkaline hydrolysis of R6G was monitored, followed by estimation of relative rate constants and activation energy. This finding and application should be helpful in further study for the TCPO CL reaction, and revealed an attractive opportunity for simplifying the CE–CL system, such as in a microchip device. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Distribution and characterization of simple sequence repeats in Gossypium raimondii genome

Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) can be derived from the complete genome sequence. These markers are important for gene mapping as well as marker-assisted selection (MAS). To develop SSRs for cotton gene mapping, we selected the complete genome sequence of Gossypium raimondii, which consisted of 4447 non-redundant scaffolds. Out of 775.2 Mb sequence examined, a total of 136,345 microsatellites were identified with a density of 5.69 kb per SSR in the G. raimondii genome leading to development of 112,177 primer pairs. The distributions of SSRs in the genome were non-random. Among the different motifs ranging from 1 to 6 bp, penta-nucleotide repeats were most abundant (30.5%), followed by tetra-nucleotide repeats (18.2%) and di-nucleotide repeats (16.9%). Among all identified 457 motif types, the most frequently occurring repeat motifs were poly-AT/TA, which accounted for 79.8% of the total di-nt SSRs, followed by AAAT/TTTA with 51.5% of the total tetra-nucleotede. Further, 18,834 microsatellites were detected from the protein-coding genes, and the frequency of gene containing SSRs was 46.0% in 40,976 genes of G. raimondii. These genome-based SSRs developed in the present study will lay the groundwork for developing large numbers of SSR markers for genetic mapping, gene discovery, genetic diversity analysis, and MAS breeding in cotton.     

标记滞留细胞技术结合干细胞标记物检测小鼠子宫内膜干细胞

目的通过标记滞留细胞技术检测昆明小鼠子宫内膜干细胞的存在及其分布情况;观察P63和Musashi-1在不同周龄小鼠子宫内膜的表达以及两者与标记滞留细胞的关系,探讨P63和Musashi-1作为子宫内膜干细胞特异性标记物的可能性。方法出生3天雌性昆明小鼠皮下注射BrdU,分别在1w、2w、3w、4w、6w、8w和10w处死小鼠取其子宫。采用免疫组化法分别检测BrdU、P63和Musashi-1在各周龄小鼠子宫内膜的表达情况。结果标记后1w的小鼠,子宫内膜绝大部分的上皮和基质细胞都被BrdU标记。随着小鼠周龄的增加,子宫内膜BrdU阳性细胞百分率逐渐降低。至第8w时,仅在基质中有极少量的BrdU阳性细胞,主要位于基质与肌层交界处。早期小鼠子宫内膜组织中P63和Musashi-1阳性细胞数量较多,随着子宫内膜的逐渐发育成熟,P63和Musashi-1的表达逐渐减少,其表达规律及分布与标记滞留细胞基本一致。结论 (1)小鼠子宫内膜标记滞留细胞主要位于基质内膜与肌层交界处,这些细胞的分布与推测的子宫内膜干细胞的分布部位相符。(2)P63和Musashi-1是较特异的干细胞标记物。