食用菌的代谢产物

本文概述了食用菌在新陈代谢过程中产生的代谢产物。这些物质主要包括抗生素、抗肿瘤活性物质、干扰素诱导物、降低胆固醇物质、特殊呈味物质、维生素及其它代谢产物等。     

银杏综合开发利用

本文综述近年来国内对银杏叶、外种皮、种仁、木材及银杏组织培养等方面的综合开发利用。     

枇杷冷藏过程中果肉木质化与细胞壁物质变化的关系

“大红袍”和“解放钟”枇杷果实在 1℃下贮藏时 ,细胞壁物质代谢异常 ,果肉硬度持续升高而出汁率逐渐降低 ,果胶酯酶 (PE)和多聚半乳糖醛酸酶 (PG)活性和水溶性果胶含量下降 ,原果胶含量、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性及木质素和纤维素含量不断增加。约经 3周贮藏后 ,果实出现果皮难剥、果肉质地变硬、粗糙少汁的异常劣变现象。在 12℃下贮藏的枇杷果实 ,细胞壁物质代谢正常 ,果肉硬度增加少 ,PE和PG活性及水溶性果胶含量较高 ,无原果胶增加现象 ,PAL活性呈下降趋势 ,木质素和纤维素含量变化不大 ,果实不出现木质化败坏。这些结果表明冷藏枇杷的木质化败坏可能是一种低温失调现象     

S02对冷藏枇杷果实品质及活性氧和多胺代谢的影响

以"大红袍"枇杷果实为试材,研究了SO2处理对冷藏枇杷果实活性氧代谢和内源多胺含量变化的影响及与果实木质化败坏的关系。结果表明,SO2可提高超氧物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,抑制过氧化物酶(POD)活性的上升,减少H2O2的积累。经SO2处理的果实,精胺(Spm)和亚精胺(Spd)含量的变化很小,基本维持在贮前水平上,腐胺(Put)的积累则受到极大抑制,贮藏5周后的果实不出现木质化败坏症状。这些结果表明,SO2可能通过维持活性氧代谢的平衡,抑制活性氧的积累,从而防止果实木质化的发生。     

The New Flavonoids from Polygonum sphaerostachyum (Polygonaceae)

Two novel flavone glycosides, 3′-hydroxy-5,4′-dimethoxy-6,7-methylenedioxyflavone-3-O-［β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→6)］-β-D-glucopyranoside(1)and5,4′-dimethoxy-3′-isopropenylacetyl-6,7-methylenedioxyflavone-3-O-［β-D-xylopyranoxyl(1→6)］-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), were isolated from Polygonum sphaerostachyum Meisn., and their structures were deduced by spectral and chemical methods. This is the first report on the isolation of flavone glycosides from P. sphaerostachyum.     

Genetic Diversity of Gli-1, Gli-2 and Glu-1 Alleles in Sichuan Wheat Landraces

Genetic diversity at Gli-1, Gli-2 and Glu-1 loci was investigated in 89 Sichuan wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) landraces by using acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (APAGE) and SDS-PAGE. In these landraces, a total of 32 gliadin and 3 high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin patterns were observed. In total, 14, 15 and 5 alleles were identified at Gli-1, Gli-2 and Glu-1, respectively. At each locus, the alleles in higher frequency were Gli-A1a (89%), Gli-B1 h (46%), Gli-D1a (65%), Gli-A2a (64%), Gli-B2j (45%), Gli-D2 a (48%), Glu-A1c (99%), Glu-B1b (99%) and Glu-D1a (100%). The Nei's genetic variation index (H) of Sichuan wheat landraces was 0.3706, varying from 0 to 0.7087. The highest genetic diversity was found at Gli-B2 locus, while the lowest was found at Glu-D1 . The genetic diversity at Gli loci was higher than that of Glu-1 loci among these landraces, but it was much lower than that of modern wheat cultivars. These results indicated a narrow genetic base of Sichuan wheat landraces. In this study, “Chengdu-guangtou” had the identical gliadin and HMW-glutenin patterns with “Chinese Spring”, further supporting the proposal that “Chinese Spring” is a strain of “Chengdu-guangtou”.     

A NEW SPECIES OF FORMOSATETTIX TINKHAM (ORTHOPTERA:TETRIGIDAE) FROM HUBEI PROVINCE

Abstract  A new species of the genus Formosatettix Tinkham 1937, Formosatettix tiantangensis sp. nov. from Dabie Mountains in Hubei Province is described. The new species is allied to Formosatettix henanensis Liang, but differs in: 1) width of vertex about 1.6 times the width of an eye; 2) length of antennae about 1.6–1.7 times the length of anterior femora; 3) upper margin of pronotum distinctively arched; 4) ventral margin of posterior pronotal process arched, lateral carinae curvingigly arched and 5) posterior margin of subgenital plate of female concave, median keel present on the plate. The type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Shaanxi Normal University and Department of Biology, Huanggang Normal College, Hubei Province respectively.     

镉离子诱导BA/F3β细胞发生奇特的细胞凋亡

细胞凋亡一般都伴随有ＤＮＡ 片段化, 活性氧含量增加, 并能被过量的Ｂｃｌ２ 所抑制。以ＢＡ／Ｆ３β细胞为模型, 利用ＭＴＴ 检测、Ｈｏｃｈｅｓｔ 染色以及透射电镜检测等技术却发现, 镉离子虽然可以诱导该细胞凋亡, 但是这种凋亡没有ＤＮＡ 片段化, 也没有活性氧含量增加。此外, 过量Ｂｃｌ２ 对这种凋亡也没有保护作用。因此, 可以确认镉离子诱导ＢＡ／Ｆ３β细胞发生了奇特的细胞凋亡。     

水稻第六染色体长臂亚端粒区遗传图与物理图的整合

生物染色体亚闰区域在物种翰经过程中是高度活跃的。为了认识水稻染色体亚端粒区域的组织结构,用水稻第六染色体长臂亚端料区的ＲＦＬＰ标记Ｇ３４２和Ｒ１１６７作探针筛选ＢＡＣ文库,以得到的阳笥ＢＡＣ克隆为起点进行染色体眇地,构建了覆盖这２个分子标记区约５００ｋｂ的ＢＡＣ跨叠克隆群,将这一区域的跗图和物理图进行了整合。对１４个ＢＡＣ克隆插入末端进行了亚克隆,鉴定的７个亚克隆 端为单考贝或抵考贝序列,其中５个     

八字地老虎核型多角体病毒对宿主的弱化作用

八字地老虎核型多角体病毒(Amathes c-nigrum nucleopolyhedrovirus,简称AnNPV)接种八字地老虎3龄初幼虫,感染3d-6d,体重明显小于对照幼虫,发育历期显著延长,幼虫蜕皮和化蛹严重受阻.4龄幼虫感染病毒后1-2天取食量未减少,从第3天开始食量显著减少,从感染至第6天,单头幼虫总取食量为696.1mg,比对照幼虫总取食量的1313.2mg减少47.0%.