胰岛素B链C端及B29Lys氨基在胰岛素促生长功能中的作用

利用结晶紫测定细胞生长的方法,在９６孔板培养的小鼠乳腺癌细胞ＧＲ２Ｈ６中,建立了胰岛素促细胞生长活力的测定体系。该方法具有灵敏度高,重复性好,操作简便,周期短及便于大量样品分析测试的优点。利用该方法研究了胰岛素Ｂ链Ｃ端延长与缩短的类似物和胰岛素侧链氨基对胰岛素促生长活性的影响。结果显示,胰岛素Ｂ链Ｃ端在胰岛素的促生长活性中有重要作用;Ｂ链２９Ｌｙｓ氨基对促生长活性也有较大贡献。     

疏肝健脾法对产后缺乳大鼠催乳素及其受体表达的影响研究

目的:观察疏肝健脾法对产后缺乳肝郁脾虚证大鼠乳腺组织形态学与催乳素(prolactin,PRL)及其受体(prolactin receptor,PRLR)表达的影响。方法:采用甲磺酸溴隐亭溶液+慢性束缚法复制大鼠产后缺乳肝郁脾虚病证结合动物模型,随机分为模型组、空白对照组、西药对照组、中药低、中、高剂量组,每组8只,共6组。药物干预后,采用HE染色及免疫组化法比较不同干预方法对产后缺乳大鼠乳腺组织形态与催乳素及其受体表达的影响,匀浆乳腺组织,采用ELISA法检测乳腺组织催乳素(PRL)、血清催乳素(PRL)、胃泌素(GAS)、血清下丘脑一垂体一肾上腺轴(The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis,HPA轴)水平变化:促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRH)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、皮质醇(COR)。结果:与模型组相比,西药对照组和中药低、中、高剂量组均可促进乳腺组织向泌乳活跃期发育,表现为腺泡腔充盈、腺泡上皮细胞数量增多、结缔组织和脂肪组织退化,同时增加乳腺组织中PRL(空白对照组(145.72±16.332)、中药中剂量组(127.39±10.854)西药对照组(80.79±18.112)、中药低剂量组(89.42±14.183)、中药高剂量组(88.02±12.064)模型组(54.32±7.128))(P0.05)及PRLR(空白对照组(139.76±14.199)、中药中剂量组(129.09±18.755)西药对照组(87.42±8.390)、中药低剂量组(81.54±11.090)、中药高剂量组(85.167±9.494)模型组(60.93±11.767))的表达(P0.05)。与模型组相比,疏肝健脾中药可降低过高的血清CRH、ACTH、COR水平,升高乳腺组织PRL、血清GAS及PRL水平(P0.05)。其中,中药中剂量组疗效优于其他用药各组(P0.05)。结论:疏肝健脾法促进产后缺乳大鼠的泌乳作用机制与增加PRL及其受体表达、调节胃肠功能、抑制HPA轴的亢进状态,从而促进乳腺组织形态向泌乳活跃期发育密切相关。     

Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing a β‐1,3‐glucanase from sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) show reduced callose deposition and increased tolerance to aluminium toxicity

Seventy‐one cultivars of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) were screened for aluminium (Al) tolerance by measuring relative root growth (RRG). Two contrasting cultivars, ROMA (Al tolerant) and POTCHETSTRM (Al sensitive), were selected to study shorter term responses to Al stress. POTCHETSTRM had higher callose synthase activity, lower β‐1,3‐glucanase activity and more callose deposition in the root apices during Al treatment compared with ROMA. We monitored the expression of 12 genes involved in callose synthesis and degradation and found that one of these, SbGlu1 (Sb03g045630.1), which encodes a β‐1,3‐glucanase enzyme, best explained the contrasting deposition of callose in ROMA and POTCHETSTRM during Al treatment. Full‐length cDNAs of SbGlu1 was prepared from ROMA and POTCHETSTRM and expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana using the constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. Independent transgenic lines displayed significantly greater Al tolerance than wild‐type plants and vector‐only controls. This phenotype was associated with greater total β‐1,3‐glucanase activity, less Al accumulation and reduced callose deposition in the roots. These results suggest that callose production is not just an early indicator of Al stress in plants but likely to be part of the toxicity pathway that leads to the inhibition of root growth.     

多巴胺神经元的胞体树突释放

多巴胺(Dopamine,DA)是脑内重要的调质,参与大脑活动的各个方面。多巴胺系统的异常与多种神经精神疾病密切相关。多年来的研究使我们对于多巴胺所参与的生理过程和作用方式已经有了相当的了解。然而,多巴胺在细胞和分子水平上的释放过程及其调控机制仍有许多未知领域。本文关注于多巴胺的一种特殊的释放模式,即多巴胺的胞体树突释放,通过回顾多巴胺释放研究的一些经典工作、近来进展和该领域出现的一些新技术,力图使读者对于多巴胺胞体树突释放的分子机制和生物学功能有一个最新的了解。     

食管腺癌、Barrett 食管活检粘膜中TGF-β1 的表达

目的:研究食管腺癌、Barret食管(Barrett esophagus,BE)和正常食管粘膜中转化生长因子β1(transforming growth factor-betal,TGF-β1)的表达。方法:采用免疫组化方法检测35例食管腺癌患者、40例BE患者及30例健康对照组食管组织中TGF-β1的表达水平。结果:未在健康对照组食管粘膜中发现TGF-β1的表达,食管腺癌组TGF-β1的表达水平>BE组>健康对照组(P<0.05)。食管腺癌组中,TGF-β1在中-高分化腺癌及低分化腺癌患者食管粘膜中的表达无明显差异(Z=1.07,P>0.05)。结论:食管腺癌、BE食管粘膜中TGF-β1表达水平升高,在食管腺癌中的表达与细胞分化程度无关。     

外源γ-氨基丁酸对Ca(NO3)2胁迫下甜瓜幼苗NO3——N同化的影响

以盐敏感型甜瓜品种‘一品天下208’为试材,用80 mmol·L^-1 Ca(NO₃)₂模拟设施土壤盐渍化,采用深液流水培,研究外源 γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)对Ca(NO₃)₂胁迫下甜瓜幼苗硝态氮(NO₃^--N)同化的影响.结果表明: Ca(NO₃)₂胁迫显著降低了甜瓜幼苗体内硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合酶(GS)和谷氨酸合酶(GOGAT)活性,增强了谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)和谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性,导致铵态氮(NH₄⁺-N)和游离氨基酸含量增加,NO₃^--N和可溶性蛋白质含量下降,植株生长和光合作用受到严重抑制.Ca(NO₃)₂胁迫下,外源喷施GABA有效促进了甜瓜根系对NO₃^--N的吸收及其向地上部的转运,并通过增强NR、GS和GOGAT活性提高了甜瓜幼苗对NH₄⁺的同化力;通过抑制GDH脱氨作用减少了甜瓜幼苗体内NH₄⁺的释放量,从而缓解了盐诱导产生的NH₄⁺-N积累所造成的氨毒害作用;外源喷施GABA也能调节甜瓜组织中氨基酸代谢途径,促进蛋白质的合成.表明外源GABA能增强甜瓜幼苗对NO₃^--N的同化能力,调控氨基酸代谢,进而有效缓解Ca(NO₃)₂胁迫对甜瓜幼苗的盐伤害作用.     

刚地弓形虫RH株果糖1，6-二磷酸醛缩酶的基因序列分析与融合表达

目的：对编码刚地弓形虫（Toxoplasma gondii）RH株果糖1,6-二磷酸醛缩酶基因进行克隆和序列分析,并构建原核栽体pETcFN融合表达该重组蛋白,以研究该分子在弓形虫速殖子入侵中的作用。方法：从刚地弓形虫RH株速殖子cDNA中扩增编码果糖1,6-二磷酸醛缩酶的基因,并克隆到T载体上,测序确认;通过PCGENE及在线工具对此编码序列进行分析;将该基因亚克隆到表达栽体pET30a（＋）上,构建质粒pETcFN;表达产物用Western blot进行进一步确认。结果：经PCR鉴定和质粒双酶切鉴定后测序,确认插入T栽体的序列为所需的目的序列。根据序列分析,推断蛋白的预计分子量为39．2kDa,等电点为7．75;BLAST分析,发现同源性52％以上的序列32条;模序分析发现其分别在223～233、21～147及15～363位置隐含有与PS00158（PmfileScan）、PD001128（BlastProDom）及PF00274（HMMPfam）相似的模序,这些序列分子功能均为果糖二磷酸醛缩酶活性。该编码片段亚克隆到栽体上成功构建融合表达质粒pETcFN,转化到大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中诱导表达,得到分子量为43kDa的融合蛋白。Western blot的结果与预测相符。     

A Study of Genetic Structure of Stephania yunnanensis (Menispermaceae) by DALP

Genetic diversity and genetic structure within and among ten populations of Stephania yunnanensis H. S. Lo and three populations of S. epigaea H. S. Lo from Yunnan province were evaluated by direct amplification of length polymorphism (DALP) markers. Five primer groups were screened, and a total of 287 DNA fragments were amplified, among which 266 were polymorphic, averaging 53.2 polymorphic bands per primer group in S. yunnanensis. The percentage of polymorphic bands of S. yunnanensis was 92.68% at the species level and 61.92% within the ten populations sampled. At the species level, the observed number of alleles (N _a) was 1.9268 and the effective number of alleles (N _e) was 1.5933; Nei’s gene diversity (H) was 0.3414; Shannon’s information index (I) was 0.5057. At the population level, N _a = 1.6192, N _e = 1.4001, H = 0.2298, and I = 0.3401. Total gene diversity of S. yunnanensis was 0.3419. Gene diversity within population was 0.2298, coefficient of gene differentiation was 0.3278, and estimated gene flow was 1.0254. The results indicated that the genetic differentiation was relatively higher among populations of S. yunnanensis. DALP markers were an informative and useful method for assaying genetic diversity and authenticating species of Stephania. These data could provide basic molecular evidence for establishing a reasonable strategy for protecting and exploiting the resource of S. yunnanensis.     

Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Micrococcus luteus Bloodstream Infection in a Chinese Tertiary-Care Hospital

Few pieces of research have focused on Micrococcus luteus bloodstream infection (BSI) because of its low incidence; hence data is needed to illustrate this uncommon infection. This study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics of patients with M. luteus BSI. From January 2010 to December 2019, inpatients that met the criteria for M. luteus BSI were included in this study. Data was collected by reviewing electronic records. Ninety-seven patients were enrolled in this study. Sixty-three percent of the patients have a higher neutrophil percentage (NEUT%). The average blood C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration was 5.5 ± 6.4 mg/dl. 48.5% of the patients had malignancy, and 40.2% underwent invasive surgeries. Linezolid was found to have the largest average diameter of the inhibition zone (36 mm), while erythromycin was found to have the smallest average zone diameter (15 mm). However, some M. luteus strains had a potentially broad antimicrobial resistance spectrum. Cephalosporins (59.2%) and quinolones (21.4%) were the most commonly used antibiotics for empirical therapies. In conclusion, M. luteus BSI mainly happens in immunocompromised patients or those with former invasive surgeries or indwelling catheters. M. luteus strains are less responsive to erythromycin. Cephalosporins and quinolones are effective empirical antibiotics for M. luteus BSI; however, vancomycin and teicoplanin should be considered for potentially broadly drug-resistant M. luteus strains. Open in a separate window