壳聚糖的化学改性及其在生物医药领域的应用进展

本文综述了近年来壳聚糖的酰化、羧甲基化、接枝、烷基化和交联等化学改性方法及其在生物医用高分子方面的应用进展,总结了壳聚糖改性及其应用过程中存在的问题并对其发展趋势作了预测。     

大豆低聚糖对高脂血症患者血脂调节作用的随机双盲对照试验

目的:考察功能性大豆低聚糖对高脂血症患者调节血脂的保健功效。方法:选取60例高脂血症患者,随机分为试验组和对照组,采用双盲法,试验组每人每日服用大豆低聚糖12克,对照组服用安慰剂,试验期为30天,试验前后分别检测试验对象血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血常规、尿常规和其它生化指标。结果:试验组血清总胆固醇(TC)平均值(mmol/L)由试验前的7.41±0.86下降为5.58±0.60,差异显著(P<0.05);甘油三酯(TG)平均值(mmol/L)由试验前的2.76±0.73下降为1.74±0.75,差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:大豆低聚糖对高脂血症患者具有降低血脂的作用。     

黄鳝生殖干细胞在性逆转生殖发育过程中的变化

应用组织学方法及免疫组织化学技术显示,黄鳝性逆转生殖发育过程中,生殖干细胞(GSCs)定位分布于生殖褶中,黄鳝雌性发育阶段的GSCs分散或成团存在,间性及雄性发育阶段GSCs均区分为A、B两种不同类型,雌性发育阶段GSCs与A、B两类GSCs在超微结构上存在差异。结果表明,生殖褶中GSCs是黄鳝分化生殖腺中唯一具有有丝分裂能力的生殖细胞群,雌性发育阶段GSCs表现出卵原干细胞特征,间性及雄性发育阶段GSCs为精原干细胞。CD49整合素是黄鳝雌性发育阶段GSCs和A类GSCs的表征分子。     

洋葱花粉发育过程中ATP酶的分布特征(简报)

在真核细胞中,除了线粒体和叶绿体ATPase的功能是合成ATP外,其余部位ATPase是水解ATP以获取生物能量的代谢酶,在生物体细胞内广泛存在。探索ATPase在细胞中的分布状态是研究细胞生理状态的一种重要手段。ATPase在细胞中的多少可反映出细胞当时的生活状态,这一特征已被初步用于探索小麦和水稻雄性不育的细胞生物学研究中,希望通过比较可育花药和不育花药中ATPase的分布差异寻找雄性不育的机理,发现     

The effects of detergents DDM and β-OG on the singlet excited state lifetime of the chlorophyll a in cytochrome b6f complex from spinach chloroplasts

The singlet excited state lifetime of the chlorophyll a (Chi a) in cytochrome b6f (Cyt b6f) complex was reported to be shorter than that of free Chl a in methanol, but the value was different for Cyt b6f complexes from different sources (～200 and ～600 ps are the two measured results). The present study demonstrated that the singiet excited state lifetime is associated with the detergents n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside (DDM) and n-octyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (β-OG), but has nothing to do with the different sources of Cyt b6f complexes. Compared with the Cyt b6f dissolved in β-OG, the Cyt b6f in DDM had a lower fluorescence yield, a lower photodegradation rate of Chl a, and a shorter lifetime of Chl a excited state. In short, the singlet excited state lifetime, ～200 ps, of the Chl a in Cyt b6f complex in DDM is closer to the true in vivo.     

Characteristics of the microbial community in rhizosphere of Camptotheca acuminata cultured with exotic invasive plant Eupatorium adenophorum

The traditional culture-dependent plate counting and culture-independent small-subunit-ribosomal RNA gene-targeted molecular techniques, Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) and ter-minal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (tRFLP) combined with 16S rDNA clone library were adopted to investigate the impacts of secretion from Camptotheca acuminata (abbreviated to Ca) roots on the quantities and structure of eukaryotic microbes and bacteria in the rhizosphere, and the possi-bility that Ca controls exotic invasive plant Eupatorium adenophorum (Ea). The counting results indi-cated that the number of bacteria increased in turn in rhizospheres of Ea, Ca-Ea mixed culture and Ca, while that of eukaryotic microbes decreased. PCR-SSCP profiles showed eukaryotic microbial bands (corresponding to biodiversity) in rhizosphere of Ea were more complex than those of Ca and CE. Meristolohmannia sp., Termitomyces sp. and Rhodophyllus sp. were the dominant populations in the rhizosphere of Ca. Bacterial terminal restriction fragments (TRFs) profiles showed no difference among three kinds of rhizospheres, and the sequences of the 16S rDNA clone library from Ca rhizospheres were distributed in 10 known phyla, in which phylum Proteobacteria were the absolute dominant group and accounted for 24.71% of the cloned sequences (δ-Proteobacteria accounted for up to 17.65%), and phyla Acidobacteria and Bacteroidetes accounted for 16.47% and 10.59% of the cloned sequences, respectively. In addition, high performance liquid chromatography detected a trace amount of camp-tothecin and hydroxycamptothecin in the rhizospheric soil of Ca and CE, but examined neither camp-tothecin nor hydroxycamptothecin in rhizospheric soil of Ea. Therefore, invasion and diffusion of Ea evidently depended on distinguishing the eukaryotic community structure, but not on that of the bac-terial pattern. Ca was able to alter the eukaryotic community structure of invasive Ea by secreting camptothecin and hydroxycamptothecin into rhizospheres, and may benefit the control of overspread of Ea. This study provided theoretical evidence for rhizospheric microbial aspects on substituting Ca for Ea.     

栓皮栎体细胞胚胎发生的细胞组织学观察

以栓皮栎未成熟合子胚为外植体,在添加0.25mg/L 2,4-D和0.5mg/L 6-BA的MS培养基上6周可诱导产生2种类型的胚性愈伤组织,一种表面具光泽、白色;另一种表面光滑湿润具光泽,色泽淡黄或无色透明。组织切片表明,胚性愈伤组织的细胞体积小,细胞核大,细胞质浓,细胞排列紧密;非胚性愈伤组织细胞的体积大,细胞核小,细胞质稀薄。胚性细胞团培养在不含激素的培养基上可诱导产生体细胞胚。体细胞胚直接起源于胚性细胞团表皮或近表皮的单细胞,经历与合子胚相似的球形胚、心形胚、鱼雷胚和子叶胚发育阶段。所有发育时期的体细胞胚的胚轴、子叶均产生次生体胚,它们起源于细胞质较浓的表皮单细胞。     

牛分枝杆菌单基因及双价融合基因DNA疫苗免疫效果的研究

利用PCR技术和SOE技术扩增牛分枝杆菌ag85b、esat-6、hsp65、mpb64基因和ag85b-esat-6、hsp65-esat-6和mpb64-esat-6融合基因,连接真核表达载体pCDNA3.1(+),构建重组质粒pCA、pCE6、pCH、pCM、pCAE、pCHE和pCME。转染SP2/0细胞,检测目的基因的表达。以各重组质粒和pCDNA3.1(+)及PBS免疫BALB/c小鼠后检测血清特异性抗体水平、脾淋巴细胞增殖情况和IFN~γ分泌情况。结果表明,七种重组质粒免疫后小鼠血清抗体水平持续上升,与 pCDNA3.1(+)对照组和PBS对照组相比差异显著 （P<0.05）,其中pCA组血清抗体水平明显高于其他六种DNA疫苗免疫组 （P<0.05）;三免两周后,融合基因免疫组的刺激值（SI值）与单基因免疫组相比差异显著（P<0.05）,其中以pCME组的SI值最高;PPD刺激后融合基因DNA疫苗免疫组小鼠脾细胞分泌的IFN~γ高于单基因DNA疫苗组（P<0.05）,而两对照组则未检测到IFN~γ的产生。本试验成功构建了牛分枝杆菌ag85b、esat-6、hsp65、mpb64单基因和ag85b-esat-6、hsp65-esat-6、mpb64-esat-6双价融合基因DNA疫苗,从而为牛结核病新型疫苗的研制奠定了基础。     

白腐菌及黑曲霉所产的纤维素复合酶对稻草秸秆的生物降解

研究了白腐菌及纤维素复合酶对稻草秸秆的协同生物降解。结果表明,利用黄孢原毛平革菌固态发酵稻草秸秆的过程中,LiP和MnP的最大活力可以达到28.3U/g和12.6U/g,同时,秸秆中的木质素能被有效降解,但纤维素、半纤维素降解率较低。添加黑曲霉所产的纤维素复合酶能有效地促进秸秆腐熟程度。在接入白腐菌培养10天后,每克稻草添加3 IU纤维素酶液并酶解48h可以使稻草秸秆中纤维素降解53.8%,半纤维素降解57.8%,木质素降解44.5%,干物质损失46.3%。此时细胞壁出现大范围破损,整个组织变得松散,秸秆完全腐熟。     

乌梅与乌梅炭的定性鉴别

通过性状、显微、理化、薄层色谱及紫外吸收光谱五个方面对乌梅和乌梅炭进行研究并加以比较。结果表明,乌梅和乌梅炭在性状、显微及薄层色谱方面区别不明显;但在pH值和紫外吸收光谱上有较大区别。