持续镇痛分娩对产妇分娩结局和新生儿评分的影响

目的:研究持续镇痛分娩对产妇分娩结局和新生儿评分的影响。方法:选择2018年7月～2019年7月中国医科大学航空总医院(本院)采取硬膜外分娩镇痛的101例产妇,将其随机分为两组。当产生确切的镇痛效果,进入第二产程后,观察组的51例产妇采用0.4μg/m L舒芬太尼以及0.08%罗哌卡因进行持续镇痛分娩;对照组的50例产妇则在宫口开全后,使用生理盐水替代泵内的局麻药物,直到分娩结束。比较两组产妇催产素的使用率,宫口扩张度和第一、第二产程按压硬膜外自控镇痛泵的次数,分娩方式,新生儿的体质量,脐动脉血pH值,出生后1 min和5 min Apgar评分,产妇修复会阴部时的视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale, VAS)评分及产妇对于第二产程镇痛的满意度评分。结果:两组产妇催产素的使用率、宫口扩张度和第一、第二产程按压硬膜外自控镇痛泵的次数、分娩方式(剖宫产率、器械助产率、自然分娩率)、第一产程镇痛时间、第一以及第二产程时间相比均无显著差异(P0.05);两组新生儿的体质量,脐动脉血pH值,出生后1 min和5 min Apgar评分小于8分的新生儿所占的比例相比没有明显的差异(P0.05);观察组产妇修复会阴部时的VAS评分明显低于对照组(P0.05),产妇对于第二产程镇痛的满意度评分明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:持续镇痛分娩对产妇分娩结局和新生儿评分无明显的影响,但可显著提高产妇对第二产程镇痛和修复会阴部时镇痛的满意度。     

线粒体DNA4977bp大片缺失突变与喉癌的相关性研究

目的:探讨线粒体DNA4977bp大片缺失突变与喉癌的相关性。方法:选择2016年1月～2017年6月我院收治的喉乳头状瘤、喉癌患者,分别纳入良性肿瘤组、恶性肿瘤组,每组各150例。取两组患者的病变组织标本,分离癌及癌旁组织,提取总DNA,采用PCR扩增测序技术检测两组标本中线粒体DNA4977bp大片缺失突变情况。结果:基因测序结果显示恶性肿瘤组患者的线粒体DNA4977bp缺失突变率为39.33%,高于良性肿瘤组患者的1.33%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。不同肿瘤分期患者的线粒体DNA4977bp缺失突变率比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),且III期患者的突变率II期 I期 IV期;淋巴结转移患者的线粒体DNA4977bp缺失突变率高于淋巴结未转移患者差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:线粒体DNA4977bp大片缺失突变与喉癌的发生有关,可能促进的发生和进展。     

社区2型糖尿病患者血糖自我管理水平调查及并发糖尿病周围神经病变的影响因素分析

摘要 目的：调查社区2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血糖自我管理水平及分析T2DM并发糖尿病周围神经病变（DPN）的影响因素。方法：于2016年6月~2017年6月期间采用整群随机抽样法随机抽取苏州市6个社区符合纳排标准的539例T2DM患者进行问卷调查,了解社区T2DM患者血糖自我管理水平情况,对患者进行体格检查并检测血生化指标,统计社区T2DM患者的DPN发生情况,采用多因素logistic回归分析T2DM患者并发DPN的影响因素。结果：本次研究共发放调查问卷539份,实际回收531份,其中T2DM并发DPN者86例,根据是否并发DPN将所有入选患者分为DPN组（n=86）和无DPN组（n=445）。社区T2DM患者的糖尿病自我管理行为量表（SDSCA）平均得分率为（49.38±5.23）%,DPN组和无DPN组在病程、体质量指数（BMI）、腰围、糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、低 密 度 脂 蛋 白（LDL-C）、血 尿 素 氮（BUN）、血肌酐（Cr）、合并外周动脉疾病（PAD）、合并糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）中比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示：病程≥7年、HbAlc≥8 mmol/L、合并PAD、合并DR、BMI≥25 kg/m²是社区 T2DM患者并发DPN的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：苏州市6个社区的T2DM患者血糖自我管理水平较低,且T2DM并发DPN的概率较高,病程≥7年、HbAlc≥8 mmol/L、合并PAD、合并DR、BMI≥25 kg/m²均是社区 T2DM患者并发DPN的危险因素,临床可对上述危险因素采取积极有效的措施,以有效降低T2DM并发DPN的发生率。     

没食子酸对美国白蛾幼虫营养效应及解毒酶活性的影响

美国白蛾是我国重大外来入侵害虫,寄主范围十分广泛。酚类物质是最广泛的植物次生代谢物之一,在植物抵御昆虫取食的化学防御中具有重要作用。本研究通过人工饲料添加没食子酸的方法,探究不同浓度的没食子酸对美国白蛾幼虫的营养效应及解毒酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的影响。结果表明,各浓度(1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、2.5%、3.0%)没食子酸对美国白蛾4龄幼虫的近似消化率、食物利用率、相对取食量和相对生长率均具有显著影响(P<0.05),近似消化率和相对取食量不同程度下降,食物利用率和相对生长率则不同程度上升。不同浓度的没食子酸处理对美国白蛾幼虫的乙酰胆碱酯酶、羧酸酯酶、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶和细胞色素P450的活性均具有显著影响(P<0.05)。1.0%没食子酸作用时间不同,美国白蛾4龄幼虫的乙酰胆碱酯酶、羧酸酯酶、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶和细胞色素P450的活性差异显著(P<0.05)。没食子酸能够始终诱导细胞色素P450的活性,而羧酸酯酶的活性却受到抑制。不同浓度的没食子酸对乙酰胆碱酯酶作用总体上不明显,但较低浓度时(1.0%)对乙酰胆碱酯酶活性却随处理时间延长而抑制作用加强。较低浓度(1.0%~1.5%)的没食子酸对谷胱甘肽S-转移酶的活性有一定诱导作用,但随着没食子酸浓度提高谷胱甘肽S-转移酶的活性却受到一定程度的抑制。没食子酸能抑制美国白蛾幼虫的取食,并且对解毒酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性表现出一定的时间效应和剂量效应,表明美国白蛾幼虫可能通过调节食物利用和解毒代谢等多种途径降低没食子酸的毒害作用,从而对含没食子酸的寄主植物产生适应。     

Establishment of Murine Infection Models with Biological Clones of Dengue Viruses Derived from a Single Clinical Viral Isolate

Virologica Sinica - Dengue virus (DENV) is a single-stranded RNA virus transmitted by mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions. It causes dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue...     

Distinct lung microbial community states in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

An improved understanding of the lung microbiome may lead to better strategies to diagnose, treat, and prevent pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB). However, the characteristics of the lung microbiomes of patients with TB remain largely undefined. In this study, 163 bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL) samples were collected from 163 sputum-negative suspected PTB patients. Furthermore, 12 paired BAL samples were obtained from 12 Mycobacterium tuberculosis-positive(MTB+) patients before and after negative conversion following a two-month anti-TB treatment. The V3–V4 region of the 16 S ribosomal RNA(rRNA) gene was used to characterize the microbial composition of the lungs. The results showed that the prevalence of MTB in the BAL samples was 42.9%(70/163) among the sputum-negative patients. The α-diversity of lung microbiota was significantly less diverse in MTB+ patients compared with Mycobacterium tuberculosis-negative(MTB–) patients. There was a significant difference in β-diversity between MTB+ and MTB– patients. MTB+ patients were enriched with Anoxybacillus, while MTB– patients were enriched with Prevotella, Alloprevotella, Veillonella, and Gemella. There was no significant difference between the Anoxybacillus detection rates of MTB+ and MTB– patients. The paired comparison between the BAL samples from MTB+ patients and their negative conversion showed that BAL negative-conversion microbiota had a higher α-diversity. In conclusion, distinct features of airway microbiota could be identified between samples from patients with and without MTB. Our results imply links between lung microbiota and different clinical groups of active PTB.     

Phylogenetic relationships of Cyrtandromoea and Wightia revisited: A new tribe in Phrymaceae and a new family in Lamiales

The familial placements of Cyrtandromoea Zoll. and Wightia Wall., two small and enigmatic South‐East Asian genera, have long been controversial in Lamiales. Here we adopt a two‐step approach to resolve their phylogenetic relationships. We initially reconstructed a large‐scale phylogeny of Lamiales using six chloroplast markers (atpB, matK, ndhF, psbBTNH, rbcL, and rps4). The results showed that both Cyrtandromoea and Wightia emerged in the LMPO clade, including Lamiaceae, Mazaceae, Phrymaceae, Paulowniaceae, and Orobanchaceae. Based on the second set of six chloroplast markers (atpB, matK, ndhF, rbcL, rps16, and trnL‐F) and two nuclear ribosomal regions (external transcribed spacer and internal transcribed spacer) for the analyses focusing on the LMPO clade, our results revealed that Cyrtandromoea was consistently nested within Phrymaceae, whereas Wightia was supported as sister to Phrymaceae by the chloroplast DNA dataset or sister to Paulowniaceae by the nuclear ribosomal DNA dataset. Morphological and anatomical evidence fully supports the inclusion of Cyrtandromoea in Phrymaceae, and an updated tribal classification is done for Phrymaceae with five tribes, that is, Cyrtandromoeeae Bo Li, Bing Liu, Su Liu & Y. H. Tan, trib. nov., Diplaceae Bo Li, Bing Liu, Su Liu & Y. H. Tan, trib. nov., Leucocarpeae, Mimuleae, and Phrymeae. The conflicting phylogenetic position of Wightia indicated by different genome markers results in difficulty placing the genus in either Phrymaceae or Paulowniaceae. Considering the distinct morphological differences between Wightia and other families in the LMPO clade, we here propose a new family, Wightiaceae Bo Li, Bing Liu, Su Liu & Y. H. Tan, fam. nov., to accommodate it, which is the 26th family recognized in Lamiales.     

Molecular phylogeny and species delimitation of Stachyuraceae: Advocating a herbarium specimen‐based phylogenomic approach in resolving species boundaries

Species concept and delimitation are fundamental to taxonomic and evolutionary studies. Both inadequate informative sites in the molecular data and limited taxon sampling have often led to poor phylogenetic resolution and incorrect species delineation. Recently, the whole chloroplast genome sequences from extensive herbarium specimen samples have been shown to be effective to amend the problem. Stachyuraceae are a small family consisting of only one genus Stachyurus of six to 16 species. However, species delimitation in Stachyurus has been highly controversial because of few and generally unstable morphological characters used for classification. In this study, we sampled 69 individuals of seven species (each with at least three individuals) covering the entire taxonomic diversity, geographic range, and morphological variation of Stachyurus from herbarium specimens for genome‐wide plastid gene sequencing to address species delineation in the genus. We obtained high‐quality DNAs from specimens using a recently developed DNA reconstruction technique. We first assembled four whole chloroplast genome sequences. Based on the chloroplast genome and one nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence of Stachyurus, we designed primers for multiplex polymerase chain reaction and high throughput sequencing of 44 plastid loci for species of Stachyurus. Data of these chloroplast DNA and nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer sequences were used for phylogenetic analyses. The phylogenetic results showed that the Japanese species Stachyurus praecox Siebold & Zucc. was sister to the rest in mainland China, which indicated a typical Sino‐Japanese distribution pattern. Based on diagnostic morphological characters, distinct distributional range, and monophyly of each clade, we redefined seven species for Stachyurus following an integrative species concept, and revised the taxonomy of the family based on previous reports and specimens, in particular the type specimens. Furthermore, our divergence time estimation results suggested that Stachyuraceae split from its sister group Crossosomataceae from the New World at ca. 54.29 Mya, but extant species of Stachyuraceae started their diversification only recently at ca. 6.85 Mya. Diversification time of Stachyurus in mainland China was estimated to be ca. 4.45 Mya. This research has provided an example of using the herbarium specimen‐based phylogenomic approach in resolving species boundaries in a taxonomically difficult genus.     

Short bZIP homologue of sulfur regulator Met4 from Ogataea parapolymorpha does not depend on DNA-binding cofactors for activating genes in sulfur starvation

The acquisition of sulfur from environment and its assimilation is essential for fungal growth and activities. Here, we describe novel features of the regulatory network of sulfur metabolism in Ogataea parapolymorpha, a thermotolerant methylotrophic yeast with high resistance to harsh environmental conditions. A short bZIP protein (OpMet4p) of O. parapolymorpha, displaying the combined structural characteristics of yeast and filamentous fungal Met4 homologues, plays a key role as a master regulator of cell homeostasis during sulfur limitation, but also its function is required for the tolerance of various stresses. Domain swapping analysis, combined with deletion analysis of the regulatory domains and genes encoding OpCbf1p, OpMet28p, and OpMet32p, indicated that OpMet4p does not require the interaction with these DNA-binding cofactors to induce the expression of sulfur genes, unlike the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Met4p. ChIP analysis confirmed the notion that OpMet4p, which contains a canonical bZIP domain, can bind the target DNA in the absence of cofactors, similar to homologues in other filamentous fungi. Collectively, the identified unique features of the O. parapolymorpha regulatory network, as the first report on the sulfur regulation by a short yeast Met4 homologue, provide insights into conservation and divergence of the sulfur regulatory networks among diverse ascomycetous fungi.