警惕新外来入侵害虫——股带针蓟马Hercinothrips femoralis(缨翅目：蓟马科)

【目的】股带针蓟马,又称温室条带蓟马,是一种多食性农业害虫,寄主超过50种,在一些国家被列为检疫性生物。2020年9月,在北京发现其成虫和幼虫危害海芋叶片,本文介绍了其形态特征、分子鉴定数据、分布地区及寄主植物等数据,以期为其准确鉴定和防治提供参考。【方法】采用拍打法收集标本;采用非破坏性方法提取单头蓟马DNA,扩增线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶Ⅰ基因(COⅠ)的部分序列,进行分子鉴定和系统发育分析;制作永久玻片进行形态鉴定。【结果】结合形态和分子数据鉴定其为股带针蓟马,是中国新记录属、种,海芋是该种新记录的寄主植物。股带针蓟马与该属其他种的主要区别在于该种前翅的亚中部浅色带比端部暗带短。COⅠ分子序列分析表明,北京种群与国外种群聚集成一个分支,序列相似性高达100%。【结论】应采取进一步调查、监测和管理措施,防止该种外来有害蓟马的传播。     

珍稀濒危植物细果秤锤树开花生物学特性和繁育系统

为了解珍稀濒危植物细果秤锤树（Sinojackia microcarpa）开花特征和有性繁殖,对其花部形态特征、开花动态、花粉胚珠比（P/O）、柱头可授性、花粉活力、套袋试验、访花昆虫及访花频率进行观测。结果表明：（1）细果秤锤树的杂交指数（OCI）为4,单花期5~7 d,种群花期可持续20 d左右。花粉与胚珠比为4 093.21±498.56。开花后第3天的花粉活力最高（76.21%）,而开花后第7天时花粉活力较低（18.37%）。细果秤锤树柱头最适可授期在开花后第2天。（2）套袋试验表明,细果秤锤树存在部分自交不亲和性,同时不存在无融合生殖,传粉昆虫是其完成生殖过程所必需的,且异株授粉能够提高其坐果率和结籽率。细果秤锤树的访花昆虫有3目5科7种,主要访花昆虫有黄胸木蜂（Xylocopa appendiculata）、熊蜂（Bombus sp.）、胡蜂（Vespa sp.）、中华蜜蜂（Apis cerana）、黑带食蚜蝇（Episyrphus balteatus）、其中熊蜂平均访花频率最高,达（8.67±0.21） 次·h^-1。对该物种开花生物学特征与繁育系统进行深入研究,有利于进一步探究其濒危机制,为后续珍稀濒危植物的研究提供理论依据和参考。     

Collections-based systematics in the new age of discovery: Celebrating the legacy and life of Professor Wen-Tsai Wang

Professor Wen-Tsai Wang (王文采, June 5, 1926–November 16, 2022) was an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and a legendary plant taxonomist at the Institute of Botany of CAS (Fig.1). Herein, we organize a virtual special issue in Journal of Systematics and Evolution (JSE) to celebrate the legacy and life of Professor Wang, who was a leading plant taxonomist in China and made important contributions toward advancing the understanding of the flora of China, the biogeography of eastern Asia, and biodiversity research in the vast Hengduan Mountains. He served as the Editor-in-Chief of Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica (now JSE) for 6 years from 1982 to 1988, and trained several generations of plant taxonomists in China (Li,2001).     

Critical roles of non-coding RNAs in lifecycle and biology of Marek’s disease herpesvirus

Science China Life Sciences - Over the past two decades, numerous non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been identified in different biological systems including virology, especially in large DNA viruses...     

Screening and analysis of differentially expressed genes from an alien addition line of wheat Thinopyrum intermedium induced by barley yellow dwarf virus infection.

The alien addition line TAI-27 contains a pair of chromosomes of Thinopyrum intermedium that carry resistance against barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV). A subtractive library was constructed using the leaves of TAI-27, which were infected by Schizaphis graminum carrying the GAV strain of BYDV, and the control at the three-leaf stage. Nine differentially expressed genes were identified from 100 randomly picked clones and sequenced. Two of the nine clones were highly homologous with known genes. Of the remaining seven cDNA clones, five clones matched with known expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences from wheat and (or) barley whereas the other two clones were unknown. Five of the nine differentially expressed sequences (WTJ9, WTJ11, WTJ15, WTJ19, and WTJ32) were highly homologous (identities >94%) with ESTs from wheat or barley challenged with pathogens. These five sequences and another one (WTJ18) were also highly homologous (identities >86%) with abiotic stress induced ESTs in wheat or barley. Reverse Northern hybridization showed that seven of the nine differentially expressed cDNA sequences hybridized with cDNA of T. intermedium infected by BYDV. Three of these also hybridized with cDNA of line 3B-2 (a parent of TAI-27) infected by BYDV. The alien chromosome in TAI-27 was microdissected. The second round linker adaptor mediated PCR products of the alien chromosomal DNA were labeled with digoxygenin and used as the probe to hybridize with the nine differentially expressed genes. The analysis showed that seven differentially expressed genes were homologous with the alien chromosome of TAI-27. These seven differentially expressed sequences could be used as ESTs of the alien chromosome of TAI-27. This research laid the foundation for screening and cloning of new specific functional genes conferring resistance to BYDV and probably other pathogens.     

一例智力低下患者7q~ 标记染色体的来源鉴定

以人类染色体显微切割、PCR技术构建的现有人类染色体特异性和染色体区带特异性探针池作为绘画探针,采用正向染色体绘画技术,结合染色体筛查方法,查明了一例7q~ 标记染色体患者的染色体附加片段来源于3q26→3qter。确定该患者的核型为46,XX,-7, der(7)t(7;3)(7pter→7q32::3q26→3qter)。应用这个策略,能够快速有效地鉴定标记染色体的来源。     

Active expression of Gγ globin gene on chromosome 11 with Yunnanese (Ayγδβ)~0-thalasseinia deletion in MEL cells

A permanent lymphocyte cell line of a heterozygote with Yunnanese (Aγδβ)0-thalassemia deletion, associated with an increased production of Cry globin in adult, was founded using Epstein-Barr virus transformation. The hybrids of the lymphocyte cell and mouse erythroleukemia cell (MEL) were achieved and the hybrids containing human chromosome 11 were selected with the monoclonal antibody 53/6. The subclones containing only either the normal or the abnormal human chromosome 11 were separated and the expression of the human globin genes was studied. Expression of the β-globin gene, but not the Cγ and Aγ, was observed in the hybrids containing only the normal human chromosome 11, while active expression of the Cγ globin gene was observed in the hybrids containing only the abnormal human chromosome 11. These results have confirmed that the DNA deletion in the β-globin gene cluster is the cause of persistent active expression of the Cγ globin gene in the Yunnanese mutant.     

中国尖音库蚊复合组杂交的研究

本文对分布在我国的尖音库蚊复合组的尖音库蚊,致倦库蚊和淡色库蚊进行杂交研究,结果表明致倦库蚊与尖音库蚊及淡色库蚊以及两者尖交可以产生能育的Ｆ１代,它们之间没有传统意义上的生殖隔离,致倦库蚊应为尖音库蚊是的一个亚种,而不是如国外有些学者认为的独立种,另外,杂种Ｆ２代成活率很低,这有可能是尖音库蚊（广义）种下分化在遗传学上的反映。