颈动脉内注入腺苷对呼吸,血压和肾交感神经活动的影响

在33只麻醉家兔,观察了颈动脉内注入腺苷所诱发的平均动脉压、心率,呼吸和肾交感神经活动的变化。结果如下:(1)颈动脉内注入腺苷后,平均动脉压呈剂量依赖性下降;呼吸加快,深度变化不明显,剪断窦神经后注入腺苷,仍引起平均动脉压下降,而呼吸变化消失。(2)隔离的颈动脉窦灌流液内加入腺苷后,平均动脉压下降,心率减慢;颈动脉体(CB)失活后反应消失。(3)将腺苷灌注到颈动脉窦区后,平均动脉压下降,肾交感神经传出放电活动增加,CB 失活或剪断窦神经后,反应消失。由此提示:腺苷可作为兴奋 CB 的一种物质,引起平均动脉压降低,心率减慢,呼吸加强和肾交感神经放电活动增加。     

氯化钠对培养的大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞的心房钠尿肽受体的调节

培养的卒中型自发性高血压大鼠(SHR_(sp))及其对照 WKY 大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞(VSMC)上存在心房钠尿肽(ANP)的特异性受体,它们与~(125)I-ANP 的最大结合量(B_(max))是:SHR_(sp)3.65±0.13和 WKY 1.89±0.09 pmol/mg pr(P<0.01);解离平衡常数(Kd)值分别是72.6±10.2和42.0±4.8×10~(-12)mol/L(P<0.01)。 两种细胞内介导舒血管作用的第二信使、环磷酸乌苷(cGMP)的基础浓度无显著差异,对相同剂量 ANP 刺激引起 cGMP 分别增加139(SHRsp)和271(WKY)倍。可见 SHRsp 的 VSMC ANP 受体数量虽比 WKY大鼠增多,但对相同剂量 ANP 引起的 cGMP 增加反应及 ANP 受体的亲和力均显著降低。高盐培养液孵育24h 后,细胞表面 ANP 受体的亲和力改变不明显,但受体数量下调,SHRsp 和 WKY 大鼠分别降至对照的34.8±8.2%和38.6±9.4%,细胞对 ANP 引起的 cGMP增加反应明显降低,且均以 SHR_(sp)较显著。提示后两种变化可能在高盐促进血压升高的机制中起作用。     

刺激中缝背核压抑大鼠小脑浦肯野细胞对苔状和爬行纤维传入的反应

本文在麻醉并制动的大鼠上观察了中缝背核(DR)条件刺激对由苔状和爬行纤维传入引起的小脑浦肯野细胞(PC)诱发反应的影响。主要结果有:(1)刺激大脑皮层感觉运动区可以引起苔状和爬行纤维向对侧小脑皮层第Ⅵ和Ⅶ小叶的传入,因而在该小叶上记录到 PC 的诱发简单锋电位(SS)和复杂锋电位(CS)反应,潜伏期分别是8—25和12—30ms。(2)以不影响PC 自发 SS 和 CS 活动的阈下强度刺激 DR,可显著地压抑 PC 对于刺激感觉运动皮层引起的苔状和爬行纤维兴奋所产生的诱发 SS 和 CS 反应,这种压抑作用可持续数百毫秒。(3)DR条件刺激对 PC 的诱发 SS 和 CS 反应的压抑作用可以被静脉注射5-HT 受体阻断剂羟甲丙基甲基麦角酰胺所减弱或阻断。上述结果表明 DR 的5-HT 能纤维传入可以降低苔状和爬行纤维对 PC 的突触作用效力,抑或降低 PC 对突触传入的反应敏感性,提示中缝-小脑5-HT,能纤维传入系统参与了小脑某些重要的神经活动过程。     

The malmö polymorphism of coagulation factor IX, an immunologic polymorphism due to dimorphism of residue 148 that is in linkage disequilibrium with two other F.IX polymorphisms

A mouse monoclonal antibody (MAB 9.9) to coagulation factor IX (F.IX) detects a polymorphism in the plasma of normal people. Its epitope has been narrowed down to <6 amino acids in the activation peptide of the X-linked F.IX protein. The activation peptide contains a dimorphism—Thr:Ala—at position 148 of the protein. Using synthetic oligonucleotides, we have demonstrated that (1) the F.IX which reacts with 9.9 has Thr at position 148 and (2) that which does not has Ala. Positive reactors (148^thr) are designated Malmö A, and negative reactors (148^ala) are designated Malmö B. The plasma levels of AA women are indistinguishable from those of A men, and both B men and BB women are null against MAB 9.9. The plasma level of Malmö A in AB women is approximately half that of AA women, and “lyonization” is clearly operating in the heterozygotes. The dimorphism is in strong linkage disequilibrium with two other intragenic RFLPs, TaqI and XmnI. Furthermore, intragenic crossing-over—including double crossing-over—appears to have occurred between the three sites. Seven of the eight possible haplotypes have been identified, five in men and two others in women. The immunoassay that identifies ～50% of the AB women in the pool of Malmö A females with 95% confidence identifies men unambiguously as A or B. The assay would be very useful for population-genetic studies of the Malmö epitope if the studies were limited to men.     

刺激大鼠迷走神经向中端对其不同脑区5-HT含量的影响

采用荧光分光光度法,测定脑内5-HT的含量,观察电刺激两侧颈迷走神经向中端对大鼠海马、下丘脑和中-桥脑内5-HT含量的影响,结果如下:(1)刺激迷走神经向中端后,三脑区的5-HT含量均显著增加(P<0.05-0.005);(2)侧脑室内注射新斯的明(10μg/10μl)或烟碱(10μg/10μl)后,刺激迷走神经向中端使三脑区5-HT含量增多的效应显著提高(p<0.01-0.001);(3)侧脑室内注射六烃季胺(250μg/10μl)后,刺激迷走神经向中端使三脑区5-HT含量增多的效应显著下降(p<0.05-0.005);(4)侧脑室内注射阿托品(10μg/10μl)或纳洛酮(10μg/10μl)后,不影响刺激迷走神经向中端引起的三脑区5-HT含量增多的效应(p>0.05)。由此看来,迷走传入冲动很可能先使脑内Ach释放增多,然后,Ach作用于N-胆碱受体而导致海马、下丘脑和中-桥脑内5-HT含量增加。以上结果表明,在脑内,迷走传入纤维和5-HT能神经元之间可能存在着机能联系。     

The rotation of the alpha subunit of F1 relative to minor subunits is not involved in ATP synthesis. Evidence given by using an anti-alpha subunit monoclonal antibody

To test whether ATP synthesis could occur via a mechanism of rotational catalysis in which the alpha and beta subunits of F1 would rotate with respect to the minor subunits, we have measured the rate of ATp synthesis after binding various masses of antibodies to F1. If the rotation was an essential feature of the mechanism, the rate of ATP synthesis should be inhibited either completely or proportionately to the load carried by F1. Bivalent immunoglobulins (IgG) or monovalent Fab fragments of an anti-alpha monoclonal antibody (7B3) were bound to F1 present in electron-transport particles in a ratio of 2 Fab or 2 IgG per F1. This binding similarly inhibited the rate of ATP synthesis by a maximum of about 50%. When anti-mouse immunoglobulins were added to the F1-7B3 (IgG) complex, no significant change in the rate of inhibition was observed. In conclusion, the rate of ATP synthesis was the same when F1 was loaded with 100 kDa (2 Fab), 300 kDa (2 IgG, 7B3) or 900 kDa (2 IgG + 4 ant-mouse IgG). It is concluded that the rotation of the alpha subunits is extremely unlikely to play an essential role in the mechanism of ATP synthesis.     

青海省海北地区高寒草甸鸟类群落结构的季节变化

本研究地区,高寒草甸鸟类群落由22种鸟组成,它们隶属于2目9科,其中留鸟11种,迁徙鸟8种。在当地繁殖的鸟19种,冬候鸟2种。各项鸟类群落指标呈现明显季节变化,一般从早春开始上升,到夏季达到高峰,然后逐渐下降至隆冬的最低点。     

多鳞铲颌鱼的生态适应性及地理分布成因的探讨

本文根据对多鳞铲颔鱼的分布、生物学特性及栖居河段的生态环境等所做的调查和研究,探讨了多鳞铲颌鱼的生态适应性及分布成因等问题。做为对北方寒冷气候的适应,多鳞铲颌鱼有蛰伏泉穴越冬的习性,越冬期近6个月;推测多鳞铲颌鱼是由原始鲃类演化来的,形成于更新世早期;现代分布状况可能是受第四纪冰期的影响而造成的。     

红色角毛虫的形态学和形态发生过程的研究

观察并描述了上海采集到的红色角毛虫的形态结构和形态发生过程。发现形态发生时虫体分别于前、后两个区域发生前、后两个口围带原基,并且由同一个体分裂而成的前,后两个仔虫内,额、腹、横棘毛和缘棘毛的分化并不完全相同,以至造成两个仔虫上棘毛的数目和缘棘毛的列数有明显差异。根据红色角毛虫的形态结构及其形态发生中的一些不够稳定的特点,推测它可能是一种还处于分化中的腹毛类纤毛虫。     

关于法氏囊内T细胞及腔淋巴细胞的研究

本实验表明,法氏囊内存在一个T淋巴细胞弥散渗透区(DIA),在初生雏鸡中开始形成,一月半发育完善,同样在ISE(滤泡间上皮)上皮层内亦存在少量的弥散T淋巴细胞,上述淋巴细胞与腔淋巴细胞,形态结构极为相似。酯酶活性反应均显示T细胞型。 另外初生雏鸡切除胸腺,不仅影响DIA的发育而且影响滤泡的发育。