Higher Adiponectin Levels Predict Greater Weight Gain in Healthy Women in the Nurses' Health Study

Adiponectin and resistin's possible roles in weight regulation have received little attention. We tested the hypothesis that adipokine levels predict future weight gain in women in the Nurses' Health Study. Among women who provided blood samples in 1990, we studied 1,063 women who did not develop diabetes (“healthy”) and 984 women who subsequently developed diabetes. Total and high‐molecular‐weight (HMW) adiponectin and resistin levels were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Women who did not developed diabetes had a mean BMI of 26.3 ± 6.0 kg/m² at baseline and gained 2.0 ± 6.1 kg over 4 years. Women who developed diabetes had a mean BMI of 30.1 ± 5.4 kg/m² at baseline, and gained 2.4 ± 7.1 kg over 4 years. In women who did not developed diabetes, higher baseline levels of total and HMW adiponectin were associated with significantly greater weight gain after adjustment for age, BMI, physical activity, diet, and other covariates: women in the highest quintile of total adiponectin gained 3.18 kg compared to women in the lowest quintile who gained 0.80 kg (fully adjusted; P for trend <0.0001). Adiponectin was not significantly associated with weight gain in women who subsequently developed diabetes. Resistin levels were not associated with weight gain in either women who did or did not develop diabetes during the follow‐up. We conclude that elevated adiponectin levels are associated with higher weight gain in healthy women, independent of confounding risk factors. High adiponectin production by adipocytes might be a sign of “healthy” adipose tissue with further capacity to store fat.     

Na_2SeO_4对蛹虫草子实体生长的影响

蛹虫草是一种药食两用真菌,具有与冬虫夏草相似的功能,且富硒能力较强。本研究通过大量的人工栽培试验,旨在探究不同浓度Na_2SeO_4对新疆本地蛹虫草子实体生长的影响。试验表明,质量浓度为20 mg/L的Na_2SeO_4对蛹虫草的生长不产生显著影响,但蛹虫草各项生物学指标均随着培养基中外源Na_2SeO_4浓度的增加而呈下降趋势,说明随着外源Na_2SeO_4浓度的增加会对蛹虫草的生长产生抑制效应,当外源Na_2SeO_4质量浓度达到200 mg/L时,生产的蛹虫草已不具备商品价值。由此可见,20 mg/L的质量浓度是以Na_2SeO_4为硒源进行蛹虫草富硒研究的安全浓度。该研究为富硒产品开发寻找新的硒源开辟了新思路,为新疆地区进一步大规模栽培富硒蛹虫草提供一定的参考,但是对以Na_2SeO_4为硒源的最佳富硒浓度还有待于进一步研究。     

地方医科大学实验动物管理工作水平评价指标体系的构建

目的构建地方医科大学实验动物管理工作水平评价指标体系,为高校实验动物管理工作的评价提供参考。方法根据研究主题确定咨询专家人选37人,采用Delphi法进行问卷调查和统计分析。结果两轮咨询问卷回收率分别为70．27％和76．92％。权威系数为0．855;第二轮指标体系的协调系数为0．486。结论本次研究构成的地方医科大学实验动物管理工作水平评价指标体系是可靠的。     

Glasgow-Blatchford和Rockall评分系统对上消化道出血患者治疗的指导作用比较

目的:比较Glasgow-Blatchford和Rockall评分系统对上消化道出血患者治疗的指导作用。方法:回顾分析我院收治的上消化道出血病人共366例,详细记录每一位入组患者的临床表现、生命体征、实验室检查结果,根据Glasgow-Blatchford和Rockall评分系统的规则计算每一位患者的危险分值,并依据其分值将其分为低危组和高危组(Glasgow-Blatchford≥1分,Rockall≥1分)。结果:366例上消化道出血患者有243位(66.4%)经过补液、抑酸等保守治疗后出血停止,并按照临床实际将其定义为低危患者,Glasgow-Blatchford评分为0的低危患者有63位(17.2%),Rockall评分为0的低危患者有99人(27.0%),参照临床治疗中实际的高低危患者,计算得到Rockall评分系统对高危患者诊断的敏感性为87.0%,而Glasgow-Blatchford评分系统对高危患者诊断的敏感性为100%。Glasgow-Blatchford评分系统对上消化道出血高危患者诊断的敏感性明显高于临床Rockall评分系统。结论:基于实验室检查和临床表现的Glasgow-Blatchford评分,是一种简单、有效的判断上消化道出血严重程度的评分系统,有助于临床医师选择正确的治疗方案。     

Testing four proposed barcoding markers for the identification of species within Ligustrum L. (Oleaceae)

DNA barcoding is a biological technique that uses short and standardized genes or DNA regions to facilitate species identification. DNA barcoding has been used successfully in several animal and plant groups. Ligustrum (Oleaceae) species occur widely throughout the world and are used as medicinal plants in China. Therefore, the accurate identification of species in this genus is necessary. Four potential DNA barcodes, namely the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and three chloroplast (cp) DNA regions (rbcL, matK, and trnH–psbA), were used to differentiate species within Ligustrum. BLAST, character-based method, tree-based methods and TAXONDNA analysis were used to investigate the molecular identification capabilities of the chosen markers for discriminating 92 samples representing 20 species of this genus. The results showed that the ITS sequences have the most variable information, followed by trnH–psbA, matK, and rbcL. All sequences of the four regions correctly identified the species at the genus level using BLAST alignment. At the species level, the discriminating power of rbcL, matK, trnH–psbA, and ITS based on neighbor-joining (NJ) trees was 36.8%, 38.9%, 77.8%, and 80%, respectively. Using character-based and maximum parsimony (MP) tree methods together, the discriminating ability of trnH–psbA increased to 88.9%. All species could be differentiated using ITS when combining the NJ tree method with character-based or MP tree methods. Overall, the results indicate that DNA barcoding is an effective molecular identification method for Ligustrum species. We propose the nuclear ribosomal ITS as a plant barcode for plant identification and trnH–psbA as a candidate barcode sequence.     

长三角地区植被覆盖演变城乡差异及其原因

城市生态环境和城市化之间的关系是城市可持续发展的关键。研究不同城市化水平下植被覆盖的长时间演变趋势,对理解城市化过程对植被生长动态的影响,城市更新以及推进城市绿化的科学管理具有重要意义。然而,目前对城市内部沿城乡梯度植被生长趋势差异的认识还比较有限。以我国城市化发展最为强烈的长三角地区为研究对象,基于2000-2020年长三角归一化植被指数数据,采用趋势分析和地理探测器方法,探究了长三角地区城市内部植被覆盖演变城乡差异,并从土地利用/覆被变化和城市化发展的角度解析其成因。研究结果表明：（1）2000-2020年长三角地区植被总体呈绿化趋势,植被明显绿化占最大比例（52.06%）,轻微绿化与稳定不变地区占31.68%,零星分布的褐化区占6.82%。（2）城市老城区植被覆盖变化总体呈现返绿趋势（0.016/10 a）,新城区褐化明显（-0.019/10 a）,农郊区绿化突出（0.023/10 a）。在上海、南京和杭州等人口城市化水平较高的城市中,老城区土地利用变化强度最高,其绿化趋势也最高,体现了城市更新过程对绿地空间的促进作用;而在人口城市化水平相对较低的宣城、蚌埠和阜阳等城市,土地利用变化强度相对较低的农郊区也呈现明显的绿化趋势,更多的是受到区域生态保护的影响。（3）土地城市化是长三角地区老城区和新城区植被覆盖变化的主导因子,而城市化因子对农郊区解释程度总体不显著。从长三角总体区域看,城镇人口比重、不透水面积/总面积以及地区生产总值三者对植被覆盖演变存在显著影响,其中城镇人口比重影响最大。     

蛇足石杉内生真菌产黄青霉菌MT-40中xanthocillin类似物生物合成基因簇的挖掘及鉴定

Xanthocillin具有显著的抗菌活性,结构中含有独特的异腈基。本文通过对蛇足石杉(Huperzia serrata)内生真菌产黄青霉菌(Penicillium chrysogenum)MT-40基因组的测序分析,利用本地BLAST等生物信息学分析工具挖掘具有合成xanthocillin类似物潜力的基因簇,结合米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)NSAR1异源表达技术实现基因簇中关键基因的功能鉴定。结果成功从内生真菌P.chrysogenum MT-40中发现一个合成xanthocillin类似物的生物合成基因簇(命名为for),for基因簇中的关键生物合成基因forB编码的异腈基合成酶可以催化合成2-formamido-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acrylic acid,基因forG编码的P450酶可以催化2-formamido-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acrylic acid的二聚化生成xanthocillin类似物N,N′-(1,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)buta-1,3-diene-2,3-diyl)diformamide。本文研究结果为进一步从真菌中发现xanthocillin类似物提供参考。     

生态环境移动数据采集系统研究与实现

针对快速、实时、有效采集并录入生态环境野外调查大样本量、多源数据的需求,充分应用移动GIS技术、移动智能终端、3G等现代信息技术优势,提出了基于ArcGIS for Mobile的移动数据采集方案,研究解决了包括系统运行机制、数据访问模式、移动数据库技术等面向全国生态环境野外调查的移动GIS关键技术,设计并研发野外调查移动数据采集系统。该系统采用C#和Java语言,以SQL Server 2008 为服务器端的数据库环境,在Microsoft Visual Studio 2008集成开发环境上实现设计开发,并在全国生态环境10年变化遥感调查与评估项目土地覆盖类型地面核查、生态系统参数野外观测等工作中予以应用。实践检验表明：该系统实现了野外调查数据的数字采集、智能校验、实时上传与有效管理,简化了填报程序,规范了填报内容,提高了工作效率,能够为生态环境相关的调查数据采集提供信息化支持。     

岷江百合类萌发素蛋白基因LrGLP2的克隆及表达特性分析

类萌发素蛋白是植物中普遍存在的一类可溶性糖蛋白,在植物抗逆胁迫中起着重要作用。依据岷江百合编码GLP的EST序列设计引物,采用快速扩增cDNA末端技术,从岷江百合犯ilium regale Wilson）克隆得到一个新的GLＰt基因的全长eDNA序列,命名为LrGLP2。LrGLP2全长cDNA为921bp,含有654bp的开放阅读框,49bp5’非编码区以及218bp3’UTR,编码217个氨基酸的蛋白质。LrGLP2编码蛋白质与已知植物GLPs家族成员间的同源性和聚类分析表明LrGLP2与来源于水稻（Oryza sativa）、节节麦似egilopstauschii）、葡萄（Vitis vinifera）中的GLPs具有较高的相似性。qRT-PCR分析显示,LrGLP2在岷江百合正常生长发育的根中有一定量的表达,而在茎和叶中几乎检测不到表达量。水杨酸、茉莉酸以及H202处理均不同程度抑制LrGLP2的转录水平,但乙烯处理能明显诱导LrGLP2的表达。此外,岷江百合接种尖孢镰刀菌（Fusari—umoxysporumfsp．tiliO后,LrGLP2在接种后2h表达迅速上调,12h表达量急剧上升,至24h表达量达到最大值,之后表达量下降,可见￡rGLP2参与岷江百合对尖孢镰刀菌的防卫反应。