Human C1orf27 protein interacts with α2A-adrenergic receptor and regulates its anterograde transport

The molecular mechanisms underlying the anterograde surface transport of G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) after their synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are not well defined. In C. elegans, odorant response abnormal 4 has been implicated in the delivery of olfactory GPCRs to the cilia of chemosensory neurons. However, the function and regulation of its human homolog, C1orf27, in GPCR transport or in general membrane trafficking remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that siRNA-mediated knockdown of C1orf27 markedly impedes the ER-to-Golgi export kinetics of newly synthesized α_2A-adrenergic receptor (α_2A-AR), a prototypic GPCR, with the half-time being prolonged by more than 65%, in mammalian cells in retention using the selective hooks assays. Using modified bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assays and ELISAs, we also show that C1orf27 knockdown significantly inhibits the surface transport of α_2A-AR. Similarly, C1orf27 knockout by CRISPR-Cas9 markedly suppresses the ER–Golgi-surface transport of α_2A-AR. In addition, we demonstrate that C1orf27 depletion attenuates the export of β₂-AR and dopamine D2 receptor but not of epidermal growth factor receptor. We further show that C1orf27 physically associates with α_2A-AR, specifically via its third intracellular loop and C terminus. Taken together, these data demonstrate an important role of C1orf27 in the trafficking of nascent GPCRs from the ER to the cell surface through the Golgi and provide novel insights into the regulation of the biosynthesis and anterograde transport of the GPCR family members.     

使用冷冻方法防治昆虫标本虫害

皮蠹幼虫对昆虫标本的蛀蚀是我国北方地区标本保藏时需要注意的首要问题。经12次的试验观察表明,花斑皮蠹幼虫TrogodermavariabileBallion在冰柜中放置位置不同其冷冻致死率亦不相同置于冰柜表层的,死亡率介于0～50%;上层的死亡率为95%～100%;中上层及中层死亡率达100%。放置在表层及上层的皮蠹幼虫,在经2d以上的冷冻处理后部分个体出现复活。因此,对那些原先放置上层及表层的标本,第1次冷冻结束后,间隔数天应再进行第2次冷冻,以提高和巩固冷冻杀虫效果。经3年的实践证明,采用冷冻方法治理皮蠹幼虫为害效果明显,可以推广普及。     

Immune-related microRNAs are abundant in breast milk exosomes

Breast milk is a complex liquid rich in immunological components that affect the development of the infant's immune system. Exosomes are membranous vesicles of endocytic origin that are found in various body fluids and that can mediate intercellular communication. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a well-defined group of non-coding small RNAs, are packaged inside exosomes in human breast milk. Here, we identified 602 unique miRNAs originating from 452 miRNA precursors (pre-miRNAs) in human breast milk exosomes using deep sequencing technology. We found that, out of 87 well-characterized immune-related pre-miRNAs, 59 (67.82%) are presented and enriched in breast milk exosomes (P < 10(-16), χ(2) test). In addition, compared with exogenous synthetic miRNAs, these endogenous immune-related miRNAs are more resistant to relatively harsh conditions. It is, therefore, tempting to speculate that these exosomal miRNAs are transferred from the mother's milk to the infant via the digestive tract, and that they play a critical role in the development of the infant immune system.     

MASS ESTIMATE AND EVOLUTIONARY TREND IN CHINESE MESOZOIC FOSSIL BIRDS

体重是一项重要的生物学指标,生物的体重受到发育、繁殖和进化等诸多因素的影响.对于灭绝生物体重的估计有助于进一步恢复它们的各种生物学信息.本研究采用统计学的方法,对422件现生鸟类(分属于21目229种)的体重和18项骨骼量度指标分别进行一元回归分析,结果显示判定系数的分布范围在0.5 ～0.91之间,多数指标的判定系数均集中在0.8 ～0.9之间.采用另外64件测量有体重数据和骨骼量度的鸟样本对回归方程的估算准确率进行检验,发现前肢中肱骨长度和尺骨宽度以及后肢中胫跗骨宽度3项指标的估算准确率高于其他指标.分析结果还表明前肢两项指标对于估算鸣禽、猛禽和攀禽类等树栖鸟类的体重准确率较后肢显著;后肢指标对于估算陆禽类等地栖鸟类体重的准确率高于前肢指标.这一结果反映出与体重相关程度较高的骨骼量度指标在不同习性的鸟类当中存在着一定的差异.对于化石鸟类的体重估计,采用估算准确率较高并且便于测量的肱骨长度和胫跗骨宽度两项回归方程加以计算.通过对中国中生代鸟类的体重进行估算,结果显示中生代鸟类在系统发育过程中,反鸟类经历了体重逐渐减轻的过程,而今鸟类的体重开始不断增大并且出现显著的分异.     

中国水仙(Narcissus tazetta var.chinensis)的组织培养

以栽培的中国水仙Narcissus tazetta var.Chinensis鳞茎为实验材料,采取“无液处理”的简捷方法获取外植体,并筛选出中国水仙离体鳞茎培养的最佳培养基。     

不同剂量的LED红光直接照射对人肝癌细胞HepG2生长特性的影响

采用发光二极管(light-emitting diode,LED)对人肝癌细胞株HepG2进行不同时间的照射,研究了LED直接照射对肿瘤细胞牛长特性的影响.实验采用功率密度为7.23 mW/cm2、中心波长为(650±10)nm的红色LED对人肝癌细胞株HepG2进行不同时间的照射,采用MTT法用酶标仪测试了实验处理后肿瘤细胞的吸光值,采用光学显微镜对细胞进行形态学分析,用PI荧光染色法对细胞的生长特性进行了分析.实验结果表明,小于18 min的低强度红色LED照射呵以促进肿瘤细胞的增殖,而大于35 min的低强度红色LED照射可以抑制肿瘤细胞生长.采用合适剂量的低强度红色LED照射肿瘤细胞可以抑制肿瘤细胞的生长,这对LED直接照射治疗肿瘤疾病有一定的指导意义.     

Ca(NO3)2对NaCl胁迫下木麻黄扦插苗生理特征的调控

用不同浓度 Ca(NO3) 2 · 4 H2 O(0 .7、1.4、2 .1g Ca2 / kg土 )对 1年生的处在两种 Na Cl胁迫 (10和 2 0 g/ kg)处理下的木麻黄扦插苗进行化学调控 ,研究硝酸钙盐加氯化钠处理的木麻黄幼苗的生长量、木麻黄幼苗抗氧化酶系统活性和渗透调节物质的含量的变化 ,研究结果表明 :中度 Na Cl胁迫加硝酸钙处理下的木麻黄扦插苗的可溶性蛋白质含量增加 ,MDA含量降低说明膜脂过氧化作用减轻 ,而且抗氧化酶活性 (SOD、POD)之间协调变化有利于提高清除自由基的速率 ,中度盐胁迫下钙盐可以促进木麻黄体内脯氨酸的积累 ;但重度 Na Cl胁迫下钙盐对木麻黄的调控作用不显著 ,重度盐胁迫下钙盐反而降低木麻黄 SOD、POD活性和脯氨酸的含量 ,减弱了抗氧化酶系统对活性氧的清除作用 ,同时高浓度钙盐还会加重 Na Cl胁迫对木麻黄幼苗的损伤 ,这说明适量的钙盐有利于木麻黄幼苗抵抗盐胁迫能力的提高 ,而高浓度钙盐则可能会加重盐胁迫     

鸡蛋清蛋白的组分分析

我们在实验教学中,以鸡蛋清进行醋酸纤维素薄膜电泳,它具有材料廉价、取材方便等特点。对鸡蛋清蛋白进行电泳,表明鸡蛋清蛋白中至少含有6种主要的蛋白质,其中5种蛋白质的等电点小于pH8．6,一种大于pH8．6。其相对含量分别是：30．85％、22．62％、10．83％、8．67％、19．46％和4．91％。     

基因组规模代谢网络模型构建及其应用

微生物制造产业的发展迫切需要进一步提高认识、设计和改造微生物细胞代谢的能力,以推动工业生物技术快速发展。随着微生物全基因组序列等高通量数据的不断积聚和生物信息学策略的持续涌现,使全局性、系统化地解析、设计、调控微生物生理代谢功能成为可能。而基于基因组序列注释和详细生化信息整合的基因组规模代谢网络模型(GSMM)构建为全局理解和理性调控微生物生理代谢功能提供了最佳平台。以下在详述GSMM的应用基础上,描述了如何构建一个高精确度的GSMM,并展望了未来的发展方向。