哈尔滨二龙山水库浮游植物及水体污染状况的研究

报道了2000 年1 月、5 月、8 月、10 月四次对哈尔滨市境内的二龙山水库的浮游植物的调查结果。共发现浮游植物46 属55 种, 其中种类最多的是绿藻和硅藻。水库四季的平均浮游藻类数量为438.46 万个/升, 绿藻占46.98%, 硅藻占44.74%, 隐藻占6.76%。优势种是平裂藻、小环藻、直链藻、针杆藻、纤维藻、空星藻、十字藻、蹄形藻、栅藻、隐藻等。对8 月份水库及上游河流的水质进行了监测和分析。根据上述结果对水质进行了评价, 并对二龙山库区的水土保持及可持续性发展进行了探讨。     

Mechanism of interaction between electromagnetic fields and living organisms

Based on nonlinear phenomena of biophoton emission observed in the past, an interference model concerning with the mechanism of interaction between living organisms and electromagnetic fields was raised. Caused by biological nonlinearly polarizable double layer, destructive interference of incoming and reflected waves establishes in the outside. As a consequence, in the inside constructive interference takes place at the same time. The interference patterns may play an important role in biological self organization and in biological functions. We investigate the boundary conditions necessary for explaining these non-linear optical effects in terms of the phase conjugation. It turns out that there are solutions of the Maxwell equations which satisfy destructive interference of biophotons in agreement with the experimental results. Necessary provisions are nonlinearly polarizable optically active double layers of distances which are small compared to the wavelength of light. In addition, they have to be able to move into the nodal planes of the impinging waves within a small time interval compared to the coherence time. These conditions are likely fulfilled in the optically dense, but ordered and optically excited, highly polarizable living matter.     

Molecular phylogeny of the entomopathogenic fungi of the genus Cordyceps (Ascomycota:Clavicipitaceae) and its evolutionary implications

Cordyceps is an endoparasite ascomycetous genus containing approximately 450 species with a diversity of insect hosts,traditionally included in the family Clavicipitaceae of Ascomycota.Establishing the relationships among species with a varied range of morphologies and hosts is of importance to our understanding of the phylogeny and co-evolution of parasites and hosts in entomopathogenic ascomycetes.To this end,we used a combination of molecular index and morphological characters from 40 representative species to carry out comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analyses.Based on the phylogenetic tree,we used the program DISCRETE for inferring the rates of evolution and finding ancestral states of morphological character.The phylogenetic analyses revealed two important points.(i) Types of perithecia attached to stroma reflected an evolutionary trend in Cordyceps.The vertically immersed perithecia form was the ancestral state,superficial and obliquely immersed perithecia were derived characters,obliquely immersed was irreversible.Species with obliquely immersed perithecia were in a closely related group and were the derived group.(ii) A strong correlation between fungal relatedness and the microhabitat supported the hypothesis that the host jumps through commingling in soil microhabitats.Based on the results of these analyses,host switching explains the diversity of entomopathogenic fungi of the genus Cordyceps.     

siRNA制备技术的研究进展

近年来,siRNA(small interfering RNA)被广泛用于诱导哺乳动物体系中的RNA干扰。目前有五种siRNA制备方法：化学合成法、体外转录法、RNase Ⅲ家族体外消化法、表达载体法和表达框架法。在这些方法中siRNA序列的选择至关重要。随着药物研究和基因组研究的进展,siRNA的制备技术需要在高通量筛选、稳定性、基因导入和调控等方面进一步发展与完善。作者综述了siRNA序列的选择原则和哺乳动物系统中的siRNA产生方法,并简要讨论了其发展前景。     

Editorial

As Zoological Research enters its 33rd year of publication,let us reflect back on the last three decades of dramatic change to China and the scientific community. In the latter half of the 20th century, scientific research was almost exclusively published in the United States or Europe. We started Zoological     

Crystal structure determination of a neutral neurotoxin BmK M4 from Buthus martensii Karsch at 0.20 nm

BmK M4 is a neutral neurotoxin in the BmK toxin series.It is medially toxic and belongs to group III α-toxins.The purified sample was crystallized in rhombic space group P61.Using an X-ray diffraction technique,the crystal structure of BmK M4 was revealed by molecular replacement at 0.20 nm resolution.The model was refined.The final crystallographic R factor was 0.142 and the free R factor was 0.173.The root mean square deviation is 0.001 5 nm for the bond length and 1.753°for the bond angles.64 water molecules were added to the asymmetric unit.The refined structure showed an unusual non-prolyl cis peptide bond at residue 10.The structure was compared with group II α-toxin BmK M8 (an acidic,weak toxin).The potential structural implications of the cis peptide bond were discussed.     

草甘膦对空心莲子草叶甲Agasicles hygrophila成虫3种代谢酶活性的影响

采用不同浓度的草甘膦0.41 g/L、0.82 g/L、1.23 g/L、1.64g/L、2.05 g/L分别以胃毒和触杀法处理空心莲子草叶甲Agasicles hygrophila成虫,测定其乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)、羧酸酯酶(CarE)和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTs)比活力.试验结果表明:两种处理,草甘膦对AChE活力均有不同程度的抑制作用;对CarE活力影响较为显著,在2.05 g/L浓度下,胃毒处理CarE对α-乙酸萘酯(α-NA)和β-乙酸萘酯(β-NA)水解能力分别是对照组的50%和57%,触杀处理CarE对α-乙酸萘酯(α-NA)和β-乙酸荼酯(β-NA)水解能力分别是对照组的53%和59%;胃毒处理埘酶活力影响大于触杀处理,草甘膦对GSTs的活力影响不明显.     

双波长法用于磺酸型树脂吸附BSA和trypsin的研究

考察了H^ 和Na^ 变化对紫外吸收单波长法、双波长法和考马斯亮蓝法的影响。结果表明双波长法比考马斯亮蓝法和单波长法稳定性要好。选择双波长法用于磺酸型离子交换树脂吸附胰蛋白酶(trypsin)和牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的检测,结果表明：交换容量为4-88mmol／g的树脂对BSA和trypsin的吸附速率和饱和吸附量均高于交换容量为3．17mmol／g的树脂。     

基于生态位模型的番荔枝实蝇潜在适生性分布预测

番荔枝实蝇Ceratitis artortoe(Graham)是一种重要的外来人侵性检疫害虫.在广东口岸,其幼虫连续从入境旅客所携带的水果中被榆出.目前关于番荔枝实蝇潜在适生性分布的研究进行得很少,但对于我国的生物生态安全却有重要意义.本研究中,我们使用3种牛态位模型(ENFA模型,马氏典型性模型和Maxent模型)对番荔枝实蝇在中斟以及全球范尉内的潜在适生性分布区域进行了预测分析.结果显示:Maxent模型拥有最好的预测精确度,马氏典型件模型次之,而ENFA模型的预测精确度最差;Maxent模型和马氏典型性模型的预测精确度无显著性差异;根据Maxent模型的预测结果,番荔枝实蝇在中国的潜在适生区主要是广西、广东、海南以及云南的少部分地区.分析结果显示,番荔枝实蝇从境外传人中国南部地区并最终在上述地区定殖的风险可能性存在,但风险较小.另外,折刀法(Jackknife)分析显示,6种环境因子,例如地面霜冻频率、年平均降雨量、十月降雨量、四月降雨量、年最低温度以及蒸气压,对于番荔枝实蝇在全球和局部地区的分布模式有显著的影响.     

小麦植物铁载体分泌基因的染色体定位

采用室内控制生长条件的营养液培养技术,通过检测缺铁条件下２０个中国春的Ｈｏｐｅ染色体代换系及其亲本中国春和Ｈｏｐｅ小麦植物铁载本分泌的动态变化规律以及植物铁载体分泌高峰期内５次测定值的汇总资料,对六倍体小麦ＰＳ分泌基因进行染色体定位。ＰＳ分泌率通过根分泌物对新形成的Ｆｅ（ＯＨ）３的活化能力进行测定,在缺铁症出现时每隔２,３天测定１次,随着缺铁失绿症严重程度的增加,ＰＳ分泌率呈现迅速增高再逐渐降低的