植物肉桂酰辅酶A还原酶基因克隆研究进展

木质素单体合成的过程中涉及了许多酶的参与,而肉桂酰辅酶A还原酶(cinnamoyl-CoA reductase,CCR)是该过程中的一个关键酶。综述了CCR基因在植物体内的克隆、基因功能及在植物组织中的表达情况,并介绍了该基因在植物的抗病虫害和抗逆性研究、饲草和能源上的应用潜力,为进一步研究CCR基因生物学功能和利用奠定了基础。     

小球藻用于生物柴油生产的研究进展

目的:对小球藻(Chlorella)生产生物柴油的研究做一综述。方法:查阅近年来国内外小球藻用于生物柴油生产的相关文献,并进行综合分析。结果:微藻生物柴油是具有广泛发展前景的生物柴油,小球藻是目前研究较深入、非常有吸引力的、用于生产生物柴油的微藻藻种,是优质的生物柴油原料,具有其他生物柴油原料不可比拟的优势。随着工程技术的发展和研究的不断深入,探索适宜的小球藻规模化培养方法以期获得质与量兼得的高品质油脂成为研究目标,相信该目标在不久的将来就会实现。结论:小球藻在生物柴油生产领域具有广阔的发展前景。     

The Cut-Off Point and Boundary Values of Waist-to-Height Ratio as an Indicator for Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Chinese Adults from the PURE Study

To explore a scientific boundary of WHtR to evaluate central obesity and CVD risk factors in a Chinese adult population. The data are from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) China study that was conducted from 2005–2007. The final study sample consisted of 43 841 participants (18 019 men and 25 822 women) aged 35–70 years. According to the group of CVD risk factors proposed by Joint National Committee 7 version and the clustering of risk factors, some diagnosis parameters, such as sensitivity, specificity and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve least distance were calculated for hypertension, diabetes, high serum triglyceride (TG), high serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), low serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and clustering of risk factors (number≥2) to evaluate the efficacy at each value of the WHtR cut-off point. The upper boundary value for severity was fixed on the point where the specificity was above 90%. The lower boundary value, which indicated above underweight, was determined by the percentile distribution of WHtR, specifically the 5^th percentile (P₅) for both males and females population. Then, based on convenience and practical use, the optimal boundary values of WHtR for underweight and obvious central obesity were determined. For the whole study population, the optimal WHtR cut-off point for the CVD risk factor cluster was 0.50. The cut-off points for severe central obesity were 0.57 in the whole population. The upper boundary values of WHtR to detect the risk factor cluster with specificity above 90% were 0.55 and 0.58 for men and women, respectively. Additionally, the cut-off points of WHtR for each of four cardiovascular risk factors with specificity above 90% in males ranged from 0.55 to 0.56, whereas in females, it ranged from 0.57 to 0.58. The P₅ of WHtR, which represents the lower boundary values of WHtR that indicates above underweight, was 0.40 in the whole population. WHtR 0.50 was an optimal cut-off point for evaluating CVD risks in Chinese adults of both genders. The optimal boundaries of WHtR were 0.40 and 0.57, indicating low body weight and severe risk for CVD, respectively, in Chinese adults.     

条形柄锈菌(小麦条锈病菌)侵染结构体外形成的观察

通过荧光显微镜和扫描电镜分别对条形柄锈菌夏孢子在寄主植物-小麦叶表和非寄主植物-水稻叶表以及小麦穗部和茎秆上的萌发过程进行了观察。结果发现,夏孢子在小麦叶片体表萌发产生芽管后,可依次分化形成气孔下囊、初生菌丝与吸器母细胞;在小麦颖片、稃片及茎秆部位表面,同样可观察到病菌在体外分化形成吸器母细胞;并且在水稻叶片上也观察到病菌侵染结构存在体外分化现象。经荧光染色发现,条形柄锈菌在体外与在小麦组织中形成的侵染结构没有明显的差别。观察结果可为条形柄锈菌侵染结构的离体诱导与调控机理研究提供依据。     

益肾和络合剂对慢性肾衰竭实验室指标的影响(英文)

目的:探讨壮骨颗粒对骨折部位新生血管增殖的影响。方法:42只新西兰大白兔,行兔左侧桡骨中段做3mm骨缺损,随机分为壮骨颗粒组,伤科接骨片组,生理盐水组,术后1天开始给药,在第4、6、8周进行X线观察,4w、8w行病理组织学检查。结果:X线片评分半定量分析表明,壮骨颗粒组骨折愈合速度明显快于伤科接骨片组,生理盐水组(P<0.05);I型胶原蛋白免疫组化结果显示壮骨颗粒组I型胶原阳性结果明显比伤科接骨片组、生理盐水组强(P<0.05);壮骨颗粒组血管生成明显多于伤科接骨片组、生理盐水组。结论:壮骨颗粒有明显促进骨痂形成和促进新生血管形成作用。     

Early–Mid Ordovician Yangtzeella (Syntrophiidina, Brachiopoda) and its evolutionary significance

Abstract:  Re-examination of newly collected topotype material confirms that the type species of Yangtzeella , Y .  poloi , a widespread Early and Mid Ordovician syntrophiidine brachiopod in South China, has a finely costellate shell rather than being smooth as previously thought. Thus, the subgenus Yangtzeella ( Vadimella ) Nikitina et   al ., established on the basis of fine costellae, is invalidated. Among 15 species of Yangtzeella , five species are recognized as valid based on multivariate analyses: Y .  poloi , Y .  unsulcata , Y .  songziensis , Y .  kueiyangensis and Y .  igori , among which the type species was the oldest known. Six are synonymized: Y .  septata , Y .  reticulata , Y .  lensiformis , Y .  depressa , Y .  yichangensis and Y .  minuta . Four are rejected from Yangtzeella : Y .  extensa , Y .  similior , Y .  yohi and Y .  poloi var. minor . Regional biostratigraphy indicates that Yangtzeella first appeared in a relatively deep-water setting on the Lower Yangtze Platform (South China palaeoplate) during late Tremadoc time ( Scolopodus warendensis conodont biozone) and then expanded to the deeper Jiangnan Slope as well as to the shallower Upper Yangtze Platform. The genus experienced two episodes of heightened abundance and diversity on the Upper Yangtze Platform during late Dapingian and mid Darriwilian times, respectively. Outside South China, Yangtzeella occurs sporadically in a few microplates or terranes, such as Tarim, Chu-Ili (southern Kazakhstan) and Taurides (southern Turkey) during the Dapingian and Darriwilian. Worldwide, Yangtzeella became extinct by the end of the Darriwilian.     

植物雌激素对大鼠成骨细胞TGF-β信号转导蛋白Smad4表达的影响

从分子水平探讨不同类别的植物雌激素对体外培养的新生大鼠颅骨成骨细胞基因表达的影响,用改良的组织块培养法分离培养新生大鼠颅骨成骨细胞,在成骨细胞体系中加入浓度均为10-7moL/L的不同类别的植物雌激素,采用Redzol总RNA提取试剂提取mRNA,采用RT-PCR的方法检测不同种类的植物雌激素在分子水平对成骨细胞基因表达影响的差别。结果显示各类植物雌激素组与空白组相比均能明显的促进Smad4mRNA的表达,其中属香豆素类的补骨脂素促进该基因表达的效果最为突出,明显的优于其它组别。香豆素类植物雌激素补骨脂素可能是通过Smad4这条途径来影响的成骨细胞的,其它类别的植物雌激素可能存在另外的作用途径,根据作用途径的差别我们可以选择不同的种类的植物雌激素进行多途径联合用药,寻找到药物有效成分的高效配伍,以期达到治疗骨质疏松的最佳疗效。     

神农箭竹开花前后植物体内N、P、K元素的动态

对神农箭竹(Fargesia murielae)N、P、K的含量进行分析,结果表明:N、P、K在竹子植物体内呈非均匀分布。N和P在各器官中的分布规律为:叶>鞭、根>竿;K在未开花竹和正开花竹中分布规律为:鞭>根>叶>竿,在已开花竹中分布规律为:叶>鞭>竿>根。随着开花过程的进行,N的含量在叶、竿、鞭和根等器官中逐渐减少;P的含量在竿、鞭和根等器官中逐渐降低,在叶片中先升高后降低;K的含量在鞭和根中呈下降趋势,在竿和叶中先降低后升高。     

山西濒危植物翅果油树植冠的构型分析

应用分形理论及方法,从分枝格局和冠幅扩展2个方面对山西翼城和乡宁的35株翅果油树(Elaeagnus mollis Diels)个体的植冠构型进行统计分析。结果表明,幼树和成树的总体分枝率和逐步分枝率有显著变化;一级枝的平均枝长和枝径有显著差异,但枝和叶的方位角及叶倾角差异不明显。不同发育阶段个体的冠幅变化较大,幼树冠幅的分形维数(2.0026)小于成树(2.2694)。翅果油树在不同生长发育阶段对生境变化有不同的构型策略。     

新疆准噶尔盆地芳3井晚白垩世孢粉组合的发现及其地质意义

准噶尔盆地腹部芳3井紫泥泉子组所夹灰色泥岩中产丰富的盘星藻、葡萄藻等藻类、疑源类化石及一定数量的孢粉化石。孢粉化石计75属160种,并首次在新疆地区发现了可靠的鹰粉型化石Aquilapollenites以及在我国主要产于松辽盆地和广东三水盆地上白垩统的“大孢子”化石Balmeisporites,建立Schizaeoisporites grandus-Parcisporites parvisaccus-Liliacidites creticus(GPC)组合。通过对部分孢粉属种已知地质分布的分析以及与国内外部分地区晚白垩世孢粉组合的对比,将GPC组合的时代确定为晚白垩世坎潘期至马斯特里赫特期。根据紫泥泉子组的沉积特点及孢粉组合特征,认为晚白垩世准噶尔盆地应归属西北-东南孢粉植物区,局部层段沉积时期气候比较湿润,孢粉组合具有我国东北孢粉植物区与西北-东南孢粉植物区的过渡特点。