锂-匹罗卡品颞叶癫模型的建立及苔藓纤维出芽的动态变化

目的研究锂-匹罗卡品颞叶癫模型大鼠致后性发作的行为学特点及海马结构病理改变的动态变化。方法将所有Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组和实验组,实验组大鼠腹腔依次注射氯化锂、匹罗卡品诱发癫持续状态（SE）后,观察其自发性癫发作（SRS）,分别于SE后1周至10周5个不同时间点取材,Nissl染色和Timm染色分别观察海马神经元损伤及苔藓纤维出芽（MFS）的变化。结果注射匹罗卡品后84%的大鼠可诱发出SE,经过10～20d的缄默期后,可观察到Ⅰ～Ⅲ级的反复SRS,病理学检查可见海马神经元的损伤及齿状回内分子层MFS。结论锂-匹罗卡品颞叶癫模型与人类颞叶癫有类似发作特点及病理改变,是一种理想的颞叶癫动物模型。     

热凝胶的高产策略及功能研究进展

热凝胶（curdlan）又名β-（1→3）-D-葡聚糖,在食品、医药、保健品等领域具有重要的应用潜力。由粪产碱杆菌（Alcaligenes faecalis）或土壤杆菌（Agrobacterium sp．）生物合成的热凝胶以成本低廉、提取与纯化技术成熟而成为研究热点。笔者主要针对提高热凝胶产量的菌株改造和发酵控制策略以及热凝胶生物活性的研究进展和相关专利进行综述。     

大蒜体细胞胚胎发生过程中抗氧化酶活性变化及某些生理特征

以大蒜的发芽叶基(鳞茎)为外植体诱导体细胞胚胎发生,研究大蒜体胚发生过程中SOD、POD和CAT 3种抗氧化酶的活性以及可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量变化.结果表明:在大蒜体胚发生过程中,SOD、POD和CAT活性变化与胚性愈伤组织的诱导及体胚的发育密切相关,POD对体胚的诱导起主导作用,而SOD和CAT在体胚的发育和成熟中起主导作用.可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质累积与大蒜体细胞胚胎发生密切相关.     

Surviving the end-Ordovician extinctions: evidence from the earliest Silurian brachiopods of northeastern Jiangxi and western Zhejiang provinces, East China

Earliest Rhuddanian (Silurian) brachiopods are recorded from the basal part of the Lower Llandovery Shiyang and Anji formations in western Zhejiang and northeastern Jiangxi provinces, East China. Associated graptolites including Normalograptus jerini indicate the lowest Rhuddanian Akidograptus ascensus Biozone. The surviving brachiopod fauna includes 19 genera dominated by orthids and strophomenids, whereas pentamerids and atrypids that inhabited mainly warmer water regimes, and were almost absent in the cool/cold Hirnantia Fauna, occur rarely in the studied fauna. Each family is represented by a single genus that seeded their recovery. The predominance of these long-ranging and widely distributed genera is one of major characters of the brachiopod survival in east China. From qualitative and quantitative analysis of faunal composition, diversity and abundance, with evidences from palaeoecology and palaeogeography, the Levenea qianbeiensis Association, Katastrophomena-Leptaena-Levenea Association, and Glyptorthis-Epitomyonia-Levenea Association are recognized and assigned to BA (Benthic Assemblage) 2, BA3, and an ecozone close to the BA3-4 boundary respectively. No Lazarus genera are recorded in this study. Skenidioides and Epitomyonia were chiefly regarded as deeper-water taxa in the Ordovician and Silurian, but are recorded from shallow-water in east China during the early Rhuddanian, indicating an ecologic experiment with these taxa migrating from deep into shallower, better-oxygenated sites at the crisis time and during the subsequent survival interval. This study further demonstrates that the brachiopod faunal turnover after the end-Ordovician extinctions may not have been completed until the late Rhuddanian in South China.     

Oldest known Dicoelosia and Epitomyonia,deep water brachiopods from the Beiguoshan Formation (Middle Katian,Upper Ordovician), Shaanxi,north China

Abstract: A diverse brachiopod fauna from a relatively deep water carbonate facies of the Upper Ordovician Beiguoshan Formation (uppermost Caradoc – lower Ashgill, middle Katian) is characterized by small shells and contains the oldest known Dicoelosia and Epitomyonia, two diagnostic taxa of deep water brachiopod palaeocommunities during the Late Ordovician and Silurian. Three new species are recognized: Dicoelosia cordiformis sp. nov., Dicoelosia perbrevis sp. nov. and Epitomyonia fui sp. nov. These pioneer forms of the family Dicoelosiidae show a relatively high degree of morphological plasticity. The shells of Dicoelosia from the Beiguoshan Formation range from the typical slender‐lobed form with a concavoconvex profile to the strongly equibiconvex, fat‐lobed morphotype that was not known previously until the late Silurian. The Beiguoshan dicoelosiids point to an important attribute of the deep water brachiopods: small generalists with high morphological plasticity, which make them ideal candidates as progenitors for the evolution of shallow water brachiopod faunas in shelf and platform depositional environments.     

出芽短梗霉F4的溶磷能力及机理

从安徽省铜陵市铜官山尾矿库木贼根际分离筛选出的出芽短梗霉F4,以磷酸钙、磷酸铝、磷酸铁和磷矿粉4种不同磷源进行液体培养,测定培养液的pH、水溶性磷、菌体磷及有机酸含量.结果表明： 菌株F4对不同磷源的溶磷能力为：磷酸铝>磷酸铁、磷酸钙>磷矿粉,溶磷量均高于200 mg·L^-1;培养液pH在48 h内迅速下降,以磷酸铝、磷酸铁为磷源的培养液pH下降幅度明显大于磷酸钙与磷矿粉.出芽短梗霉F4产生的有机酸主要为草酸、柠檬酸和酒石酸,其中,以草酸为主.菌株的溶磷能力与有机酸无显著相关性,而与pH呈显著相关.接种出芽短梗霉F4时加入葡萄糖,尾矿中速效磷含量显著增加,说明出芽短梗霉F4在尾矿生态修复中具有潜在的应用价值.
     

肿瘤放化综合治疗中的靶向研究

放化疗综合应用是癌症治疗中的常用方法。研究表明,放化疗综合应用可以有效地控制杀伤肿瘤,但过程中对正常细胞的毒副作用严重制约着放化疗的剂量和疗效。如何在有效杀伤肿瘤细胞的同时减轻放化疗综合应用中对正常细胞的毒副作用已经成为探索更好的治疗策略的关键。随着研究的不断深入,各种相关的新药和新治疗思路层出不穷,比如针对肿瘤发生及代谢过程的靶向类新药、用于辐射增敏的新的基因靶点等都已进入研究者的视线。另外,近年来关于肿瘤细胞中药物转运蛋白的研究也为综合治疗靶点寻找提供了一定依据。本文根据当前研究现状,着重总结近年来放化疗综合治疗靶向研究在上述几方面的一些新进展。     

杂交粳稻及其亲本千粒重与产量、品质的相关性

为了探明杂交粳稻及其亲本千粒重与产量、品质的关系,以4个千粒重介于23.1~28.0 g之间的BT型不育系和24个千粒重介于18.1~32.0 g之间的三系粳稻恢复系,采用p×q不完全双列杂交(NCⅡ)设计,配制96个杂交组合为试验材料,对F1千粒重优势表现、F1千粒重与亲本千粒重及其与产量、品质性状间的相关性进行分析,确定高产优质兼顾的杂交粳稻的千粒重范围。结果表明:(1)56.3%的杂交组合千粒重超过其双亲平均值,19.8%的杂交组合千粒重表现正向超亲优势;(2)F1千粒重与母本千粒重、父本千粒重、双亲千粒重平均值的相关性均达极显著水平(r=0.33**、0.71**、0.78**),且恢复系千粒重对杂种的影响大于不育系;(3)F1千粒重、父本千粒重及双亲千粒重平均值与组合单株产量的相关性均达极显著水平(r=0.55**、0.47**、0.51**),母本千粒重与组合单株产量相关不显著;(4)F1千粒重、父本千粒重与糙米率、精米率、整精米率、垩白粒率、粒长、粒宽均呈极显著正相关,与透明度呈显著正相关,母本千粒重与垩白粒率、垩白度、粒长均呈极显著正相关,与粒宽呈显著正相关;(5)杂交粳稻育种中具有高产优质兼顾的F1千粒重范围应在25.1~27.0 g之间。     

新型N-取代吡咯类化合物的体外抗肿瘤活性研究

目的:研究37个新型N-取代吡咯类化合物的体外抗肿瘤活性,并探讨这些化合物的结构-活性关系。方法:运用MTT法来测试37个化合物对5种肿瘤细胞和1种正常细胞的体外细胞增殖抑制活性。结果:化合物3f活性最高,其对MGC80-3的IC50值为61.29μM。同时成功地总结了新型N-取代吡咯化合物的构效关系:(1)对于吡咯母核的3位,取代苯环上对位氯取代和对位叔丁基取代化合物的抗肿瘤活性差不多,并且没有明显的规律性。(2)对于吡咯母核的4位,取代基团的电子云密度对抗肿瘤活性的影响也没有明显的规律。(3)对于吡咯母核的1位,当3位为对叔丁基苯基取代时,其整体活性顺序为:(苄基,溴乙基)(甲基,乙基,丙基,丁基)乙烯基;当3位为对氯苯基取代时,其整体活性顺序为:(乙烯基,苄基)(甲基,乙基,丙基,丁基)。结论:为了得到更好的抗肿瘤活性化合物,吡咯母核的1号位置上应该接入苄基等大空间位阻基团、容易形成氢键的基团或者不接入任何取代基,从而为吡咯类化合物的进一步结构修饰以开发更高活性的抗肿瘤化合物提供指导。     

肿瘤放化综合治疗中的靶向研究

放化疗综合应用是癌症治疗中的常用方法。研究表明,放化疗综合应用可以有效地控制杀伤肿瘤,但过程中对正常细胞的毒副作用严重制约着放化疗的剂量和疗效。如何在有效杀伤肿瘤细胞的同时减轻放化疗综合应用中对正常细胞的毒副作用已经成为探索更好的治疗策略的关键。随着研究的不断深入,各种相关的新药和新治疗思路层出不穷,比如针对肿瘤发生及代谢过程的靶向类新药、用于辐射增敏的新的基因靶点等都已进入研究者的视线。另外,近年来关于肿瘤细胞中药物转运蛋白的研究也为综合治疗靶点寻找提供了一定依据。本文根据当前研究现状,着重总结近年来放化疗综合治疗靶向研究在上述几方面的一些新进展。