2009年徽州稻区白背飞虱种群消长及虫源性质

徽州稻区作为我国白背飞虱北迁与南迁的重要中转站之一,地理位置十分特殊,分析其中、晚稻田白背飞虱种群动态及虫源性质,对皖南稻区乃至江淮稻区白背飞虱预测预报和防治工作意义重大。通过田间系统调查和长翅雌虫卵巢解剖,研究了徽州稻区白背飞虱种群消长及虫源性质。运用GrADS和ArcGIS分析2009年白背飞虱主要迁入期的天气背景,并利用HYSPLIT轨迹模拟平台对主要迁入期进行数值模拟和虫源地分析。结果表明:2009年徽州稻区白背飞虱在中、晚稻以第3代危害为主。中稻田第2—4代白背飞虱属于基本迁出型,同时第3代前半期还存在部分滞留本地繁殖或者是外地白背飞虱迁入现象;而晚稻第3代后半期白背飞虱属于基本迁入型,第4—5代属于基本迁出型。风切变、下沉气流和强降水可作为徽州稻区预测白背飞虱迁入的气象背景。2009年徽州稻区白背飞虱虫源地主要分布在湘南、赣中及赣南。     

检测牛冠状病毒抗体间接ELISA方法的建立与应用

[背景]牛冠状病毒(Bovine coronavirus,BCoV)是引起新生犊牛死亡的主要病原之一,有效的检测手段是防治该病的前提。目前BCoV ELISA检测方法存在敏感性低、不稳定等缺陷。[目的]对原有BCoV ELISA方法进行改进,建立间接ELISA检测方法。[方法]应用我国BCoV流行毒株CD株n基因为模板,预测N蛋白抗原表位,通过原核表达制备可溶性的重组N蛋白作为抗原,建立间接ELISA方法,应用该方法对黑龙江省2010-2017年的BCoV感染进行血清流行病学调查。[结果]该ELISA方法最佳工作条件为:用50 mmol/LpH 9.6碳酸盐作为包被液,抗原包被浓度2.5μg/mL;用PBST作为样本稀释液,稀释浓度1:50,37℃孵育1.5 h;HRP-羊抗牛IgG稀释浓度1:7 500,37℃孵育1.0 h;用1%明胶37℃封闭30 min。阴阳性临界值为0.225。该方法与BRV、BRSV、BVDV、IBRV、BPIV3和E.coli阳性血清均无交叉反应。批内和批间变异系数均小于10%,与病毒中和试验的符合率高达93.5%。对黑龙江省部分地区共603份奶牛血清样品检测结果显示,BCoV抗体阳性率为98.84%。[结论]建立的ELISA方法特异性强、敏感性高、稳定性好,为进一步研发ELISA试剂盒提供了技术基础。     

枝孢属4个吉林省新记录种

记录枝孢属(Cladosporium Link)4个吉林省新记录种:连翘枝孢(C. forsytiae Z.Y.Zhanget T.Zhang)、三宅枝孢(C.miyakei Saccardoet Trotter)、柳枝孢(C.salicis Moseszet Smarods)、黑星状枝孢(C.venturicides Saccardo)。文中对这些种分别进行了描述,并附有线条图。标本保存于吉林农业大学菌物标本室(HMJAU)。     

Forest Transition in Xishuangbanna,Yunnan

Forest transition is a process of overall forest cover from net loss to net gain over time. Forest transition especially the process after turning point from deforestation to reforestation has inspired lots of researches for its potential to improve environmental services. China has undergone forest transition since the 1980s. However, in tropical China, deforestation was still existed, while the overall forest cover increased greatly. To investigate this issue, we conducted this research by classifying overall forest into natural forest and plantation in Xishuangbanna, which has undergone forest transition and deforestation and overall forest cover increasing. We found that natural forest continues decreasing while overall forest cover increasing and plantation expansion in forest transition. The forest transition in Xishuangbanna was found to be a tree cover transition, which was mainly contributed by large plantation expansion. In Xishuangbanna, deforestation is still undergoing after its overall forest cover transition occurred in 1988. The general overall forest definition used by forest transition will not be able to recognize deforestation when natural forests are displaced by plantations because the overall forest cover remains unchanged or even increasing. We therefore recommended to classify forest types in forest transition researches.     

纯化膜蛋白质复合体Cytb6f的新方法

建立了纯化光合膜蛋白质复合体Ｃｙｔｂ６ｆ的新方法。与现有方法相比,新方法简单明了,只包括透析离心和用硫酸铵分级沉淀两个步骤,而且适于大批量制备。按此方法从菠菜叶绿体分离纯化的制剂含９．８ｎｍｏｌＣｙｔｆ·ｍｇ－１;ＳＤＳＰＡＧＥ显示４条主要区带及１条低分子量区带,背景干净;Ｃｙｔｂ６（ｂ型血红素）∶Ｃｙｔｆ＝２∶１（ｍｏｌ∶ｍｏｌ）,Ｃｈｌａ∶Ｃｙｔｆ＝１∶１（ｍｏｌ∶ｍｏｌ）;酶活性（ＰＱ２Ｈ２→Ｃｙｔｃ）８０μｍｏｌＣｙｔｃ·ｎｍｏｌＣｙｔｆ－１·ｈ－１左右;产率可达３８％。     

Overexpression of the phosphatidylinositol synthase gene (ZmPIS) conferring drought stress tolerance by altering membrane lipid composition and increasing ABA synthesis in maize

Phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) synthase is a key enzyme in the phospholipid pathway and catalyses the formation of PtdIns. PtdIns is not only a structural component of cell membranes, but also the precursor of the phospholipid signal molecules that regulate plant response to environment stresses. Here, we obtained transgenic maize constitutively overexpressing or underexpressing PIS from maize (ZmPIS) under the control of a maize ubiquitin promoter. Transgenic plants were confirmed by PCR, Southern blotting analysis and real‐time RT‐PCR assay. The electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS)‐based lipid profiling analysis showed that, under drought stress conditions, the overexpression of ZmPIS in maize resulted in significantly elevated levels of most phospholipids and galactolipids in leaves compared with those in wild type (WT). At the same time, the expression of some genes involved in the phospholipid metabolism pathway and the abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis pathway including ZmPLC, ZmPLD, ZmDGK1, ZmDGK3, ZmPIP5K9, ZmABA1, ZmNCED, ZmAAO1, ZmAAO2 and ZmSCA1 was markedly up‐regulated in the overexpression lines after drought stress. Consistent with these results, the drought stress tolerance of the ZmPIS sense transgenic plants was enhanced significantly at the pre‐flowering stages compared with WT maize plants. These results imply that ZmPIS regulates the plant response to drought stress through altering membrane lipid composition and increasing ABA synthesis in maize.     

鄱阳湖采砂南移扩大影响范围——多源遥感的证据

采砂是一项具有巨大生态影响的经济活动.利用多源遥感影像描述鄱阳湖中部的采砂分布,分析其对悬浮泥沙浓度的影响.2011年7月28日的Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM)5用于采砂相关船只的识别,2009-2011年7-8月的Terra卫星中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)影像用于悬浮泥沙浓度的反演,(Before-after-control-impact,BACI)方法用于采砂影响评价.Landsat TM 5影像解译结果发现鄱阳湖中部的两个采砂区和90余艘船只,MODIS Terra反演结果显示在采砂区及其下游区域悬浮泥沙浓度剧增,BACI评价结果揭示采砂是导致此区域悬浮泥沙浓度增加的主要因素.平衡经济发展与生态保护之间的关系,将因采砂而造成的负面影响降到最低,使鄱阳湖的各种生态功能全面发挥是紧要的.     

不同干预方式预防大鼠造影剂肾病的比较研究

目的:对比等渗氯化钠水化、碳酸氢钠水化、大剂量他汀、小剂量他汀、大剂量他汀加等渗氯化钠水化五种干预方式对大鼠造影剂肾病的预防效果,探讨各自的优势及不足,为临床预防造影剂肾病提供可借鉴的方法。方法:选取SD大鼠105只,随机分为7组,每组15只。A组:均为肾功能正常的健康大鼠;B组:即对照组,未给予任何干预方法;L组:采用等渗氯化钠水化干预;T组:采用碳酸氢钠水化干预;S1组:服用大剂量他汀;S2组:服用小剂量他汀;(S1+L)组:服用大剂量他汀加等渗氯化钠水化。干预48小时后测定各组大鼠的尿素氮(BUN)及肌酐(Cr)水平,并与与未给予干预组进行比较。结果:①S1、S2、(S1+L)三组的BUN和Cr水平均低于B组、L组及T组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);②S1组、S2组及(S1+L)组之间相互比较,BUN和Cr水平无明显差异(P0.05);③L组与T组之间比较BUN和Cr水平,差别无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:他汀类药物预防造影剂肾病能够起到一定的作用,但其最终机制尚未明确,我们需在今后的临床实践中进一步研究证实。     

基于地统计学方法的稻田灰飞虱与蜘蛛时空动态分析

通过田间调查,用地统计学方法对灰飞虱Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén)及其重要天敌蜘蛛的时空动态进行了比较分析。通过变差函数模型的拟合及空间格局的分析,得出灰飞虱长翅成虫、若虫与蜘蛛的变程范围相近,结构性强度的范围相近,但同一时间灰飞虱与蜘蛛的变程和结构性强度则均不尽相同;灰飞虱若虫与蜘蛛自始至终为聚集分布,但灰飞虱长翅成虫与蜘蛛的分布型则有差异,在某些时间为均匀分布。用普通克立格方法作出空间分布图,在时间序列上进行比较分析,得出稻田蜘蛛与灰飞虱成若虫的空间分布均有相似性,尤其与若虫相似性更强,表现出比较明显的空间跟随现象,且空间跟随现象与灰飞虱虫量的消长有密切的关系,但是由于天气、稻田环境、灰飞虱其他天敌以及蜘蛛其他猎物的存在等因素的影响使得其空间跟随又有着相当的复杂性。     

植物种子脂氧合酶

概述了植物种子脂氧合酶蛋白和编码其基因的特性、各种突变体及其遗传规律、基因表达和调控以及生理功能的研究进展.