N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖基转移酶V在肿瘤发生及转移中的作用机制

N-糖链的β-1,6分支与肿瘤关系密切。N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖转移酶V(N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V,GnT-V)可催化β-1,6糖链分支的生成。GnT-V是一种双功能蛋白,可以定位在高尔基体中,也可以分泌形式存在。该酶通过一种金属离子依赖的丝氨酸蛋白酶来破坏细胞外基质或者直接催化促血管因子的生成来促进肿瘤的生长或转移,也可以通过分泌型的GnT-V催化糖链生成改变血管生成因子的功能,或者直接促进它们的转录从而起到促进肿瘤转移的作用。另外,GnT-V可以与癌基因产物及其受体相互作用来促进肿瘤的发生及侵袭。本综述主要就GnT-V的基本性质、促肿瘤生成及转移的机理进行展开,并展望了其在肿瘤治疗中的应用。     

HLA-A*2402-BSP在大肠杆菌中的优化表达及其四聚体的制备和鉴定

HLA-A^*2402是中国人群中最常见的等位基因之一,为研究该基因型人群的人巨细胞病毒（HCMV）特异性细胞毒T细胞（CTL）免疫应答,需要制备负载相应抗原肽的HLA-A^*2402四聚体。以RT-PCR方法克隆HLA-A^*2402重链基因的cDNA,并构建了羧基端融合生物素化酶BirA底物肽(BSP)的HLA-A^*2402重链胞外域融合蛋白（HLA-A^*2402-BSP）的表达载体,但该载体不能在大肠杆菌(E. coli)中有效表达HLA-A^*2402-BSP融合蛋白;通过对氨基端（N端）区域编码区的密码子进行优化,构建了同义突变的HLA-A^*2402-BSP表达载体,融合蛋白在E. coli中获得了高效表达。进而制备了负载HLA-A^*2402限制性HCMV pp65_341-349抗原肽(QYDPVAALF, QYD)的可溶性HLA-A^*2402-QYD单体分子和四聚体,获得的四聚体具有与HLA-A24⁺供者抗原特异性CTL的结合活性,特异性CTL的频率为总CD8⁺T细胞的0.09％～0.37％。这些结果为进一步研究HLA-A^*2402限制性的特异性CTL免疫应答规律奠定基础。     

Comparative glycoproteomics based on lectins affinity capture of N-linked glycoproteins from human Chang liver cells and MHCC97-H cells

We present here an effective technique for the large-scale separation and identification of N-linked glycoproteins from Chang liver cells, the human normal liver cells. To enrich N-linked glycoproteins from the whole cells, a procedure containing the lysis of human liver cells, the solubilization of total proteins, lectin affinity chromatography including Concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin was established. Furthermore, captured N-linked glycoproteins were separated by 2-DE, and identified by MS and database searching. Finally, we found 63 N-glycoproteins in Chang liver cells. In addition, using the above method, we identified 7 remarkably up-regulated glycoproteins from MHCC97-H cells, highly metastatic liver cancer cells, compared to Chang liver cells. These up-regulated glycoproteins were associated with liver cancer and might be used as biomarkers for tumor diagnosis. Results showed that we established a high-throughput proteomic analysis for separating N-linked glycoproteins from human liver cells. This strategy greatly improved the glycoprotein analysis method associated with proteome-wide glycosylation changes related to liver cancer. Our work was part of the HUPO Human Liver Proteome Project (HLPP) studies and was supported by CHINA HUPO.     

凡纳对虾淡化养殖池浮游纤毛虫研究

在对虾养殖环境,纤毛虫能摄食大量的腐质和藻类,促进对虾养殖水体的自身净化;但缘毛类 Peritrichida 和吸管虫类Suctorida纤毛虫能大量固着生活在对虾的附肢、鳃等部位,是对虾养殖的重要危害生物。在我国,对海水、盐碱池和淡水养殖环境的浮游动物(包括纤毛虫)有较多的研究,对河口区斑节对虾淡化养殖环境浮游生物也有报道,本文报道了珠海市斗门区某凡纳对虾 Litopenaeus vannamei(南美白对虾)养殖基地44口淡化养殖虾池浮游纤毛虫种类及数量组成, 并对其中 1-5号虾池养殖过程中的纤毛虫种群的动态变化进行了研究,以期为凡纳对虾淡化养殖提供参考。       

虾池拟柱胞藻爆发的生态因子调查

2002～2003年,在广东珠三角地区凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)低盐度养殖虾池水体生态的调查过程中发现部分虾池爆发拟柱胞藻(Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii).在调查的低盐度虾池中,共统计20个拟柱胞藻爆发的虾池,其种群密度平均高达7.74×10⁷ filaments·L^-1,平均优势度达47.0%.虾池水体平均水温为30.3℃,pH为8.9,盐度1.4,透明度19cm,化学耗氧量为24.3mg·L^-1.拟柱胞藻爆发的虾池水体环境表现为高水温、高pH、高有机质、低盐度且水体不断被搅动;通常爆发在对虾养殖的中后期富营养化水体.调查发现大量的拟柱胞藻对虾池其它藻类和微生物菌群表现一定的抑制作用,蓝纤维藻和小环藻等少数藻种可与拟柱胞藻形成共优势种.拟柱胞藻为广东珠三角凡纳滨对虾低盐度虾池重要优势藻种,且以螺旋型为主.     

'Non-destructive' biocomputing security system based on gas-controlled biofuel cell and potentially used for intelligent medical diagnostics

MOTIVATION: Biofuel cells (BFCs) based on enzymes and microbes are the promising future alternative sources of sustainable electrical energy under mild conditions (i.e. ambient temperature and neutral pH). By combining the adaptive behavior of BFCs self-regulating energy release with the versatility of biocomputing, we construct a novel gas-controlled biocomputing security system, which could be used as the potential implantable self-powered and 'smart' medical system with the logic diagnosis aim. RESULTS: We have demonstrated a biocomputing security system based on BFCs. Due to the unique 'RESET' reagent of N(2) applied in this work, the prepared biocomputing security system can be reset and cycled for a large number of times with no 'RESET' reagent-based 'waste'. This would be advantageous for the potential practical applications of such keypad lock as well as the development of biocomputing security devices. In order to validate the universality of the system and also to harvest energy directly from biofuels with enhanced power output, we replace the glucose with orange juice as the biofuel to operate BFCs-based biocomputing system, which also possesses the function of keypad lock. In addition, by introducing BFCs into the biocomputing security system, the adaptive behavior of the BFCs self-regulating the power release would be an immense advantage of such security keypad lock devices in potential self-powered implantable medical systems. The designed sequence gives the maximum power output and discriminate itself from the rest of the sequences. From this, we find that maximizing the dimensionless ratio of gap versus SD of the power output spectrum (a funnel in power outputs) gives the quantitative optimal design criterion. Therefore, our construction here may also provide a practical example and microscopic structural basis for mimicking the real biological network systems and bridge the gaps between the theoretical concepts and experiments important for biomolecular systems and synthetic biology.     

肝心宁对肝纤维化大鼠肝组织病理及PDGF-BB、TGF-β、MMP-1的影响

目的：从肝纤维化的病理学和血清标志物方面,探讨肝心宁对肝纤维化大鼠肝组织病理的影响。方法：将60只SD大鼠随机分成正常对照组,肝纤维化模型组和肝心宁干预纤维化组。采用改良式复合因素法复制大鼠肝纤维化模型。正常对照组与肝纤维化模型组给予生理盐水10mL/kg灌胃,肝心宁干预纤维化组给予10g/kg治疗。6周后,取各组大鼠肝脏组织,HE染色比较各组大鼠肝脏组织的病理学变化,检测比较不同组大鼠血清中肝纤维化指示物血小板生长因子-BB（PDGF-BB）、转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β）、基质蛋白酶-1（MMP-1）的含量。结果：肝组织病理学：与肝纤维化模型组相比,干预组炎症坏程度减轻,肝纤维化程度明显改善,血清PDGF-BB、TGF-β1含量显著下降,而MMP-1含量显著升高。结论：肝心宁能有效改善肝纤维化血清学指标和病理学指标。     

胎儿畸形480例的超声诊断分析

目的：探讨超声检查发现胎儿先天发育异常的规律及诊断价值。方法：随机选择480例经产后及引产后证实的单胎妊娠的畸形胎儿,回顾性分析产前的超声检查资料,孕妇平均年龄27．6岁,平均孕周27．1周。超声诊断畸形儿统计标准：参照《中国出生缺陷监测报告卡》的监测类型和《临床技术操作规范（超声医学分册）》的检测畸形类型确定。结果：459例为经超声检出的胎儿先天畸形,21例为超声漏诊,根据胎儿出生后情况反馈为畸形。459例畸形胎儿,孕周在12-40周,其中24．4％（112／459）的病例是在18-24孕周之间检出,56．9％（261／459）的病例是在12—28孕周之间检出,其中24周检出病例数最多（42／459）。35．7％（164／459）的胎儿畸形是在孕28-36周期间检出。结论：超声对胎儿畸形的诊断符合率为95．62％（459／480）。妊娠28周前超声能检出大多数可检的胎儿畸形。超声在胎儿产前诊断上具有极高的诊断价值,诊断率高,无损伤性,操作简便,重复性强。     

生物燃料系统分析模型

定量化系统分析模型是生物燃料潜力预测、影响分析及制定技术路线图和政策目标的重要工具。生物燃料供应链涉及很多行业,需要进行基于农 (林) 业、能源、经济和环境等多学科领域的综合分析。以下从生物燃料系统分析所需解决的问题出发,梳理了国内外生物燃料系统分析的一般方法,重点对农 (林) 业系统模型、能源系统模型、综合评价模型、微观成本、能耗和排放分析模型以及生物燃料专项宏观分析模型的主要优缺点和适用性进行了分析,给出了相应的应用实例,并强调根据特定的研究问题,选择具有不同适用性的模型和研究路线。有助于研究人员和政策制定者更好地了解生物燃料系统分析方法,也为我国学术研究机构建立生物燃料分析模型提供了参考。