59个Y-STR基因座的法医学多态性应用效能评估

为了评估法医学DNA数据库建设中涉及的59个Y-STR基因座的遗传多态性和法医学应用效能,通过AGCU Y SUPP PLUS试剂盒和AGCU Y37试剂盒检测374个广东汉族无关男性个体,将检测出的59个Y-STR基因座按照突变率的高低进行分类组合和统计分析。结果显示,59个Y-STR基因座联合运用在374个无关男性个体中检出了374个单倍型,其中44个中低突变Y-STR组合、15个高快突变Y-STR组合分别检出373和372个单倍型。59个Y-STR的基因多态性数值分布在0.055 1 (DYS645)~0.958 0 (DYF387S1 a/b)之间。结果表明,这59个Y-STR在广东汉族群体中均具有良好的多态性,按中低突变Y-STR组合和高快突变Y-STR组合研发新的检测体系可更好地满足法医实践的不同需求。     

草菇子实体多肽提取工艺及其抗氧化活性

为了优化草菇子实体多肽的提取工艺和探究其抗氧化活性,以草菇子实体为原料,采用酶解法提取草菇子实体多肽,通过单因素试验得出最佳的酶解工艺,并使用Box-Behnken设计试验组合。结果表明：草菇子实体提取多肽的最佳工艺为料液比1:52 (g/mL)、加酶量7 200 U/g、酶解温度43 ℃,此工艺条件下的多肽得率为67.76%。从1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除能力、铁离子还原能力、超氧阴离子自由基清除能力和羟自由基清除能力4个方面研究其体外抗氧化能力,结果表明,草菇子实体多肽对DPPH自由基清除率为74.11%,超氧阴离子自由基和羟自由基清除率分别在69.64%和91.83%达到稳定,草菇子实体多肽还具有一定的还原力,说明草菇子实体多肽可以作为优质抗氧化肽的良好来源。该研究为草菇多肽的高效制备和抗氧化肽等高附加值产品的研发提供理论依据。     

Vegetable biology and breeding in the genomics era

Vegetable crops provide a rich source of essential nutrients for humanity and represent critical economic values to global rural societies. However, genetic studies of vegetable crops have lagged behind major food crops, such as rice, wheat and maize, thereby limiting the application of molecular breeding. In the past decades, genome sequencing technologies have been increasingly applied in genetic studies and breeding of vegetables. In this review, we recapitulate recent progress on reference genome construction, population genomics and the exploitation of multi-omics datasets in vegetable crops. These advances have enabled an in-depth understanding of their domestication and evolution, and facilitated the genetic dissection of numerous agronomic traits, which jointly expedites the exploitation of state-of-the-art biotechnologies in vegetable breeding. We further provide perspectives of further directions for vegetable genomics and indicate how the ever-increasing omics data could accelerate genetic, biological studies and breeding in vegetable crops.

     

EFFECTS OF HELPER PROTEINS ENCODED BY p19 AND orf1-orf2 GENES ON Cyt1Aa PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN ACRYSTALLIFEROUS STRAIN OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS

A series of plasmids were constructed to examine the effects of p19 and orf1‐orf2 genes from Bacillus thuringiensis on Cyt1Aa synthesis and inclusion formation. The plasmids expressed the cyt1Aa gene along with either p19 or orf1‐orf2, or each of them coordinatively with p20 in the acrystalliferous strain of B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis 4Q7. No effect on the expression of Cyt1Aa protein was found when P19 or Orf1‐Orf2 co‐expressed with Cyt1Aa. However, when including p20 gene, the constructs with p19 or orf1‐orf2 gene produced lower yield of Cyt1Aa proteins than without p19 or orf1‐orf2 gene. Electron microscopy observation and bioassay showed that P19 and Orf1‐Orf2 have no influence on the crystal size and toxicity of Cyt1Aa protein. It is presumed that P19 and Orf1‐Orf2 might have negative effects on Cyt1Aa synthesis in B. thuringiensis.     

13C-methacetin breath test parameter S for liver diseases diagnosis

The mechanism of ¹³C-methacetin breath test is set forth clearly with the analysis of pharmacokinetics mode, and the measuring method of ¹³C-methacetin breath test and its clinical applications in the diagnosis of liver diseases are reported in detail. On the basis of comprehensive analysis of the clinical test data, the advanced diagnostic parameter S is of important significance for the application and development of breath test.     

The Role of the Cytoskeleton and Dictyosome Activity in the Pulsatory Growth of Nicotiana tabacum and Petunia hybrida Pollen Tubes

Pollen tubes of Nicotiana tabacum and Petunia hybrida show pulsatory growth. Phases of slow growth lasting minutes are interrupted by pulse-like elongations lasting 10–20 seconds involving an increase of growth rate by up to 24-fold. Inhibition of dictyosome activity with brefeldin A or monensin did not result in an inhibition of pulsatory growth but eventually stopped pollen tube elongation. In contrast to this the inhibition of the cytoskeletal elements with cytochalasin D and colchicine caused the pollen tubes to abandon the pulse-like elongations. It was concluded that the activity of the dictyosomes does not have a controlling function in the mechanism of pulsatory growth, even though it is necessary for pollen tube elongation, since cell wall material is provided by secretory vesicles deriving from the Golgi apparatus. In contrast the cytoskeletal elements, actin and microtubules, seem to play an important regulatory role in the pulse-like elongations. In addition, it was observed that during the experiments several pollen tubes burst upon the completion of a pulse-like expansion, indicating on the one hand that the internal turgor is the driving force of the pulse-like expansions. On the other hand, the bursting shows that the pollen tube cell wall is rather weak at the end of a pulse, indicating that at this point of time it is either thinner or less stable than during the slow growth phase or at the beginning of a pulse.     

海甘蓝种子成熟过程中脂肪酸含量以及脱落酸和山梨醇的效应

海甘蓝种子在成熟过程中,棕榈酸、硬脂酸和亚麻酸的含量不断下降,而二十碳烯酸和芥酸的含量呈上升趋势。选用开花后２５～２７ｄ的海甘蓝幼胚分别在含不同浓度的ＡＢＡ或高渗透剂的培养基中培养１～３ｄ,发现其各种脂肪酸的变化趋势和种子自然成熟过程中脂肪酸的变化相似,说明ＡＢＡ或高渗透剂可能是种子成熟过程中各种脂肪酸合成和相互转化所需的条件。