不同叶色水稻叶绿体密度及基粒结构的计算机图象分析

水稻叶绿体计算机图象分析表明,随着叶片色级的提高,叶绿体表面积密度、体积密度以及两者的比值都相应增加。深色稻叶基粒堆直径与高度、类囊体垛叠数与类囊体厚度、叶绿素与类胡萝卜素含量、气孔导度与净光合率均大于浅色叶片。深色叶片基粒堆密集,有些基粒类囊体出现沿叶绿体长轴方向排列整齐现象;浅色叶片基粒堆稀疏,其中较大的基粒类囊体与长轴呈倾斜排列。     

Ginsenoside Rg1 protects H9c2 cells against nutritional stress-induced injury via aldolase /AMPK/PINK1 signalling

Insufficient nutrients supply will greatly affect the function of cardiac myocytes. The adaptive responses of cardiac myocytes to nutritional stress are not fully known. Ginsenoside Rg1 is one of the most pharmacologically active components in Panax Ginseng and possesses protective effects on cardiomyocyte. Here, we investigate the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on H9c2 cells which were subjected to nutritional stress. Nutritional stress-induced by glucose deprivation strongly induced cell death and this response was inhibited by ginsenoside Rg1. Importantly, glucose deprivation decreased intracellular ATP levels and mitochondrial membrane potential. Ginsenoside Rg1 rescued ATP levels and mitochondrial membrane potential in nutrient-starved cells. For molecular mechanisms, ginsenoside Rg1 increased the expressions of PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) and p-AMPK in glucose deprivation treated H9c2 cells. Reducing the expression of aldolase in H9c2 cells inhibited ginsenoside Rg1′s actions on PINK1 and p-AMPK. Further, the nutritional stress mice were used to verify the mechanisms obtained in vitro. Ginsenoside Rg1 increased the expressions of aldolase, p-AMPK, and PINK1 in starved mice heart. Taken together, our results reveal that ginsenoside Rg1 limits nutritional stress-induced H9c2 cells injury by regulating the aldolase /AMP-activated protein kinase/PINK1 pathway.     

叶表面角质层在贝母属植物叶鉴定中的意义

叶表面角质层在贝母属植物叶鉴定中的意义李萍，濮祖茂，蒋鑫，刘惠娟，徐国钧（中国药科大学生药学教研室；分析中心电镜室南京２１０００９）ＴｈｅｄｉａｇｎｏｓｔｉｃｖａｌｕｅｏｆｔｈｅｃｕｔｉｃｌｅｉｎｔｈｅｌｅａｖｅｓｆｒｏｍｇｅｎｕｓＦｒｉｔｉｌｌａｒ...     

Genome Sequence of a Nicotine-Degrading Strain of Arthrobacter

We announce a 4.63-Mb genome assembly of an isolated bacterium that is the first sequenced nicotine-degrading Arthrobacter strain. Nicotine catabolism genes of the nicotine-degrading plasmid pAO1 were predicted, but plasmid function genes were not found. These results will help to better illustrate the molecular mechanism of nicotine degradation by Arthrobacter.     

上海农作物种质资源数据库的设计和构建

随着农作物种质资源数量的不断增加,种质资源交流的日益频繁以及种质资源利用的逐步深入,农作物种质资源数据库的建设对农作物的应用研究和基础性研究至关重要。上海市农业生物基因中心借助于本中心保存的近21万份种质资源的信息,开发了一套上海农作物种质资源数据库,本文主要阐述了该数据库设计和构建的目的、原则和数据库的架构、运行环境以及主要功能模块。上海农作物种质资源数据库采用了B/S结构,平台系统利用多层逻辑架构实现了对农作物种质资源数据信息的收集、存储、查询、统计分析等功能。外部用户通过浏览器即可访问平台系统,浏览查询种质资源信息。内部管理员可使用平台的受限功能,需要认证成功后才可使用后台管理功能,实现对整个平台数据的管理。注册用户还可通过基因资源数据库提交引种申请,管理员结合管理信息系统实现对外供种全流程的网络化,借此可提高工作效率,增加工作流程的透明度。     

Cryptochrome‐mediated hypocotyl phototropism was regulated antagonistically by gibberellic acid and sucrose in Arabidopsis

Both phototropins(phot1 and phot2) and cryptochromes(cry1 and cry2) were proven as the Arabidopsis thaliana blue light receptors. Phototropins predominately function in photomovement, and cryptochromes play a role in photomorphogenesis. Although cryptochromes have been proposed to serve as positive modulators of phototropic responses, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we report that depleting sucrose from the medium or adding gibberellic acids(GAs) can partially restore the defects in phototropic curvature of the phot1 phot2 double mutants under high-intensity blue light; this restoration does not occur in phot1 phot2 cry1 cry2 quadruple mutants and nph3(nonphototropic hypocotyl 3) mutants which were impaired phototropic response in sucrose-containing medium. These results indicate that GAs and sucrose antagonistically regulate hypocotyl phototropism in a cryptochromes dependent manner, but it showed a crosstalk with phototropin signaling on NPH3.Furthermore, cryptochromes activation by blue light inhibit GAs synthesis, thus stabilizing DELLAs to block hypocotyl growth, which result in the higher GAs content in the shade side than the lit side of hypocotyl to support the asymmetric growth of hypocotyl. Through modulation of the abundance of DELLAs by sucrose depletion or added GAs, it revealed that cryptochromes have a function in mediating phototropic curvature.     

外源茉莉酸甲酯诱导对香菇多糖代谢及关键酶基因表达的影响

香菇多糖是重要的生物活性成分,其药用价值高,茉莉酸甲酯有助于提高食用菌多糖含量,但关于其对香菇多糖合成的影响尚不清楚。本研究以香菇新808为实验材料,对不同浓度茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）诱导下香菇菌丝生物量和生长速率、香菇多糖代谢关键酶活性及基因相对表达量、香菇多糖含量进行比较分析。结果表明：10μmol/L的茉莉酸甲酯可显著促进香菇菌丝生长并提高菌丝体生物量,分别是对照的1.14倍、1.2倍;与香菇多糖代谢相关的UDP-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶（UGPase）、葡萄糖磷酸异构酶（PGI）、α-葡萄糖磷酸变位酶（α-PGM）活性增加,为对照组的1.58、1.13、3.21倍;其基因相对表达量较对照组也显著上调,为对照组的5.73、1.4、1.77倍;香菇多糖合成量显著增加,为对照组1.58倍。10μmol/L的MeJA处理后,香菇多糖代谢关键酶活性及基因相对表达量与多糖含量间存在显著的正相关关系,表明添加适宜浓度的茉莉酸甲酯会影响香菇菌丝的生长及多糖合成。