基于航空煤油细菌检测的触变显色培养基的制备

利用正交试验测定了三种凝胶在不同配比下的触变性,并添加营养物质葡萄糖、蛋白胨、NaCl和显色剂TTC(四氮唑红),得到具有触变性的显色培养基,可直接用于航空煤油样品的检测。结果表明:黄原胶0.9%、琼脂粉0.4%和卡拉胶0.2%配伍使用,触变效果最好,其中影响因素顺序依次为黄原胶、卡拉胶、琼脂;培养基中TTC的最佳浓度范围为0.0008%～0.002%,能使细菌染成红色,并对菌的生长影响很小。     

Hrip1, a novel protein elicitor from necrotrophic fungus,Alternaria tenuissima,elicits cell death,expression of defence‐related genes and systemic acquired resistance in tobacco

Here, we report the identification, purification, characterization and gene cloning of a novel hypersensitive response inducing protein secreted by necrotrophic fungus, Alternaria tenuissima, designated as hypersensitive response inducing protein 1 (Hrip1). The protein caused the formation of necrotic lesions that mimic a typical hypersensitive response and apoptosis‐related events including DNA laddering. The protein‐encoding gene was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method. The sequence analysis revealed that the cDNA is 495 bp in length and the open reading frame (ORF) encodes for a polypeptide of 163 amino acids with theoretical pI of 5.50 and molecular weight of 17 562.5 Da. Hrip1 induced calcium influx, medium alkalinization, activation of salicylic acid‐induced protein kinase and several defence‐related genes after infiltration in tobacco leaves. Cellular damage, restricted to the infiltrated zone, occurred only several hours later, at a time when expression of defence‐related genes was activated. After several days, systemic acquired resistance was also induced. The tobacco plant cells that perceived the Hrip1 generated a cascade of signals acting at local, short, and long distances, and caused the coordinated expression of specific defence responses in a way similar to hypersensitivity to tobacco mosaic virus. Thus, Hrip1 represents a powerful tool to investigate further the signals and their transduction pathways involved in induced disease resistance in necrotrophic fungi.     

Effects of Exogenous Spermidine on Antioxidant System Responses of Typha latifolia L. Under Cd2+ Stress

The effects of foliar spraying with spermidine (Spd), ranging in concentration from 0.25 to 0.50mmol/L, on the antioxidant system under Cd2 stress (range 0.1- 0.2 mmol/L Cd2 ) in Typha latifolia L.grown hydroponically were investigated in order to offer a referenced evidence for an understanding of the mechanism by which polyamines (PAs) relieve the damage to plants by heavy metal and improve the phytoremediation efficiency of heavy metal-contaminated water. The results showed that Cd2 stress inhydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in both leaves and caudices. With theexception of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the leaves, an increase in the activities of catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione reductase (GR) was observed in both leaves and caudices,SOD activity was increased in caudices, and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity was increased in leaves following Cd2 treatment. The reduced glutathione (GSH) content in both leaves and caudices and the reductive ascorbate content in leaves was obviously increased, which were prompted by the application of exogenous Spd. Spraying with Spd increased the activity of GR and APX in both leaves and caudices,whereas the activity of SOD, CAT, and GPX was increased only in caudices following spraying with Spd.with Spd. The decrease in MDA was more obvious following the application of 0.25 than 0.50 mmol/L Spd.It is supposed that exogenous Spd elevated the tolerance of T. latifolia under Cd2 stress primarily by increasing GR activity and the GSH level.     

牛蒡提取液对副溶血性弧菌的抑制作用

研究了牛蒡提取物对副溶血性弧菌的抑制作用。采用80%乙醇分别浸提两个牛蒡品种柳川理想及黄肌牛蒡根的皮及去皮根,四种提取物分别命名为LP、LR、HP和HR。采用滤纸片扩散和最低抑菌浓度法筛选了四种提取物的抑菌效果,时变抑菌研究了常温(25℃)和低温(4℃)下牛蒡提取物在无菌蒸馏水(DW)以及脑心浸汤(BHI)中对副溶血性弧菌的抑制效果。结果显示,四种提取物中LP的抑菌活性最好;经1000μL/mL LP提取液7小时处理,在4℃和25℃DW环境均未有副溶血性弧菌检出;经各浓度提取液1天处理,在4℃和25℃BHI环境均未有副溶血性弧菌检出。LP对副溶血性弧菌弧菌具有良好的抑制作用。     

甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒在宿主种群中的垂直传播研究

以两种浓度的病毒液感染甜菜夜蛾4龄、5龄幼虫,以研究甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒从亲代到子代垂直传递的方式和效率。实验结果表明,该病毒可通过母体介导(卵内、卵表)和父体介导等3种方式传递给子代,造成子代感染。幼虫经口感染后母体介导传递实验表明,病毒垂直传播可引起20%～48%的子代幼虫病死,并能使子代成虫产卵量下降;母体介导传播实验中,以5%福尔马林进行卵表面消毒证实仍有18.8%的幼虫感染病毒死亡,表明了该病毒可经卵内传播,并同时存在着附卵传播;母体介导传递实验还表明病毒对宿主有弱化作用,亲代免于病死的蛹重量减轻,羽化所得雌成虫的产卵量下降,产卵期延长。以交互配对将感染与未感染的雌雄成虫彼此交配,表明雄成虫精子也能垂直传递病毒(父体介导),引起20％～40%子代幼虫感病死亡。成虫经口感染,对所产卵块表面消毒后,仍导致28.6%的子代幼虫死于病毒感染,也表明存在卵内传播。     

棕色田鼠两个地域野生种群的行为比较

小型哺乳动物能够通过行为策略的进化适应周围的环境。其中,种内社会组织也可随环境参数的变化而变化。河南灵宝程村气候干燥、海拔高,而新郑则气候湿润、海拔低。来自河南灵宝程村的棕色田鼠种群和来自新郑的种群是否在社会行为、情绪、以及性二型上有所差别,目前还不清楚。本研究中,我们通过旷场实验
和熟悉选择试验比较了两个种群的情绪、运动能力以及对熟悉鼠和陌生鼠的选择。统计结果表明,程村种群的雌性个体比雄性个体重,而新郑种群的雄性体重比程村种群的重。在旷场实验中,程村种群比新郑种群表现出较多的焦虑样行为。配偶选择实验中,新郑种群不论雌雄都表现出了对陌生异性的喜好。程村种群雄性则更愿意选择熟悉的个体。而且,程村的雌性待在陌生箱攻击陌生鼠的时间远大于熟悉鼠。以上结果表明,两个野生种群在体重、情绪以及对熟悉鼠和陌生鼠选择上都表现出了明显的种群间差异。     

碱蒿的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称碱蒿（Artemisia anethifolia Web．）。 2材料类别无菌苗叶片。 3培养条件（1）不定芽诱导培养基：     

应用柑橘异源四倍体杂种花粉生产瘪籽沙田柚果实

以3个柑橘异源四倍体体细胞杂种(即四倍体粗柠檬与哈姆林甜橙体细胞杂种,简称HR;酸柚与粗柠檬体细胞杂种,简称SR;墨西哥来檬与伏令夏甜橙体细胞杂种,简称KV)为父本,分别与二倍体单胚性沙田柚进行有性杂交,在生产上获得瘪籽沙田柚果实,并对果实品质进行分析(以四季柚花粉亲本为对照)。结果表明:授予柑橘异源四倍体杂种花粉的果实种子败育十分明显,果实瘪籽率达41.4%～96.0%,与对照间的差异极显著(P0.01);但果实单果重、果肉重、果皮重、果皮厚和果形指数与对照间无显著性差异(P0.05);果实可溶性固形物、全糖、Vc和可滴定酸含量与对照也无明显变化,且较适合于瘪籽沙田柚果实生产的体细胞杂种是HR和SR。     

650 nm激光穴位照射与针刺治疗良性前列腺增生症的疗效对比观察

目的:观察、评估650 nm激光照射穴位治疗良性前列腺增生症(中医辨证为肾阳虚)的临床疗效。方法:对30例良性前列腺增生症患者,采用650 nm激光,照射会阴、关元、肾俞,并随机选取30例,用针刺治疗作临床对比观察,针刺肾俞、秩边、关元、命门、足三里、脾俞、三阴交、次髎等穴。结果:激光照射穴位与针刺治疗均对良性前列腺增生症有较好的疗效,两组治疗前后症状评分、尿动力学均有显著的改变(P<0.05),但两者的临床疗效差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:650 nm激光穴位照射是临床治疗良性前列腺增生症(肾阳虚型)的有效治疗方法之一,值得深入研究。     

鞑靼滨藜幼嫩花序的组织培养及植株再生

1 植物名称 鞑靼滨藜（Atriplex tatarica L．）。 2 材料类别 幼嫩花序。 3 培养条件 （1）不定芽诱导和增殖培养基：MS＋6-BA 3mg·L^-1（单位下同）＋IAA0．3;