茉莉酸类与植物地下贮藏器官的形成

茉莉酸类化合物(茉莉酸及其衍生物)可能参与了马铃薯、薯蓣、菊芋的块茎,甘薯的块根以及洋葱、大蒜的鳞茎形成。JA及MeJA均可诱导离体条件下马铃薯块茎的形成和马铃薯髓部细胞的膨大。JA诱导细胞膨大是由于蔗糖积累导致渗透压增加以及细胞壁结构变化,从而使其伸展性增加,纤维素的合成起了重要作用,细胞骨架也是JA诱导细胞膨大所必需的。但迄今为止,尚未确定块茎形成的直接诱导物。     

Enhanced immunodetection of cell-free synthesized erythropoietin under denaturing conditions

A monoclonal antibody produced by hydridoma cell line, ATCC HB8209, was used to detect and purify erythropoietin synthesized in a cell-free system. The antibody was raised against the N-terminal 20 residues of erythropoietin. It retained anti-erythropoietin activity in 6 M urea in which most of the cell-free synthesized erythropoietin became soluble and gave an enhanced activity of the antibody.     

Derivation and characterization of human embryonic stem cell lines from the Chinese population

Human embryonic stem cells(hESCs) can self-renew indefinitely and differentiate into all cell types in the human body.Therefore,they are valuable in regenerative medicine,human developmental biology and drug discovery.A number of hESC lines have been derived from the Chinese population, but limited of them are available for research purposes.Here we report the derivation and characterization of two hESC lines derived from human blastocysts of Chinese origin.These hESCs express alkaline phosphatase and hE...     

Lysine-Specific Demethylase 1 in Breast Cancer Cells Contributes to the Production of Endogenous Formaldehyde in the Metastatic Bone Cancer Pain Model of Rats

Background

Bone cancer pain seriously affects the quality of life of cancer patients. Our previous study found that endogenous formaldehyde was produced by cancer cells metastasized into bone marrows and played an important role in bone cancer pain. However, the mechanism of production of this endogenous formaldehyde by metastatic cancer cells was unknown in bone cancer pain rats. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is one of the major enzymes catalyzing the production of formaldehyde. The expression of LSD1 and the concentration of formaldehyde were up-regulated in many high-risk tumors.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate whether LSD1 in metastasized MRMT-1 breast cancer cells in bone marrows participated in the production of endogenous formaldehyde in bone cancer pain rats.

Methodology/Principal Findings

Concentration of the endogenous formaldehyde was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Endogenous formaldehyde dramatically increased in cultured MRMT-1 breast cancer cells in vitro, in bone marrows and sera of bone cancer pain rats, in tumor tissues and sera of MRMT-1 subcutaneous vaccination model rats in vivo. Formaldehyde at a concentration as low as the above measured (3 mM) induced pain behaviors in normal rats. The expression of LSD1 which mainly located in nuclei of cancer cells significantly increased in bone marrows of bone cancer pain rats from 14 d to 21 d after inoculation. Furthermore, inhibition of LSD1 decreased the production of formaldehyde in MRMT-1 cells in vitro. Intraperitoneal injection of LSD1 inhibitor pargyline from 3 d to 14 d after inoculation of MRMT-1 cancer cells reduced bone cancer pain behaviors.

Conclusion

Our data in the present study, combing our previous report, suggested that in the endogenous formaldehyde-induced pain in bone cancer pain rats, LSD1 in metastasized cancer cells contributed to the production of the endogenous formaldehyde.     

蜂毒变应原及蜂毒免疫治疗

膜翅目昆虫种类繁多,其中某些种类昆虫刺蛰后可以导致严重的甚至危及生命的过敏反应。目前,关于膜翅目毒液的成分和变应原的研究越来越广泛和深入。该文主要介绍膜翅目中蜜蜂毒液的主要成分、主要变应原及蜂毒过敏的免疫治疗。     

Restricted N-glycan Conformational Space in the PDB and Its Implication in Glycan Structure Modeling

Understanding glycan structure and dynamics is central to understanding protein-carbohydrate recognition and its role in protein-protein interactions. Given the difficulties in obtaining the glycan''s crystal structure in glycoconjugates due to its flexibility and heterogeneity, computational modeling could play an important role in providing glycosylated protein structure models. To address if glycan structures available in the PDB can be used as templates or fragments for glycan modeling, we present a survey of the N-glycan structures of 35 different sequences in the PDB. Our statistical analysis shows that the N-glycan structures found on homologous glycoproteins are significantly conserved compared to the random background, suggesting that N-glycan chains can be confidently modeled with template glycan structures whose parent glycoproteins share sequence similarity. On the other hand, N-glycan structures found on non-homologous glycoproteins do not show significant global structural similarity. Nonetheless, the internal substructures of these N-glycans, particularly, the substructures that are closer to the protein, show significantly similar structures, suggesting that such substructures can be used as fragments in glycan modeling. Increased interactions with protein might be responsible for the restricted conformational space of N-glycan chains. Our results suggest that structure prediction/modeling of N-glycans of glycoconjugates using structure database could be effective and different modeling approaches would be needed depending on the availability of template structures.     

NEAT1 contributes to ox-LDL-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in macrophages through inhibiting miR-128

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) have been recognized as significant regulators in the progression of atherosclerosis (AS). Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) can induce macrophage inflammation and oxidative stress, that serves important roles in AS. However, the exact function of lncRNA NEAT1 and its possible molecular mechanism in AS remain unclear. Here, we concentrated on the roles and molecular mechanisms of NEAT1 in AS development. In our current study, we observed that NEAT1 was elevated by ox-LDL in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. RAW264.7 cell survival was greatly enhanced, and cell apoptosis was significantly inhibited by LV-shNEAT1 transfection. In addition, knockdown of NEAT1 in RAW264.7 cells repressed CD36 expression and foam cell formation while NEAT1 overexpression shown an opposite process. Moreover, NEAT1 downregulation inhibited inflammation molecules including IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Meanwhile, silencing of NEAT1 can also suppress reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels with an enhancement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in RAW264.7 cells. MicroRNAs are some short RNAs, and they can regulate multiple biological functions in many diseases including AS. Here, we found that miR-128 expression was remarkably decreased in ox-LDL-incubated RAW264.7 cells. Interestingly, miR-128 mimics was able to reverse AS-correlated events induced by overexpression of NEAT1. By using bioinformatics analysis, miR-128 was predicted as a target of NEAT1 and the correlation between them was validated in our study. Taken these together, it was implied that NEAT1 participated in ox-LDL-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in AS development through sponging miR-128.     

Altered regulation of renal nitric oxide and atrial natriuretic peptide systems in angiotensin II-induced hypertension

The present study was aimed to determine whether there is an altered role of local nitric oxide (NO) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) systems in the kidney in association with the angiotensin (Ang) II-induced hypertension. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Ang II (100 ng·min?1·kg?1) was infused through entire time course. Thirteenth day after beginning the regimen, kidneys were taken. The protein expression of NO synthase (NOS) and nitrotyrosine was determined by semiquantitative immunoblotting. The mRNA expression of components of ANP system was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The activities of soluble and particulate guanylyl cyclases were determined by the amount of cGMP generated in responses to sodium nitroprusside and ANP, respectively. There developed hypertension and decreased creatinine clearance in the experimental group. The protein expression of eNOS, nNOS and nitrotyrosine was increased in the cortex, while that of iNOS remained unaltered. The urinary excretion of NO increased in Ang II-induced hypertensive rats. The catalytic activity of soluble guanylyl cyclase was blunted in the glomerulus in Ang II-induced hypertensive rats. The mRNA expression of ANP was increased in Ang II-induced hypertensive rats. Neither the expression of NPR-A nor that of NPR-C was changed. The protein expression of neutral endopeptidase was decreased and the activity of particulate guanylyl cyclase was blunted in the glomerulus and papilla in Ang II-induced hypertensive rats. In conclusion, the synthesis of NO and ANP was increased in the kidney of Ang II-induced hypertension, while stimulated cGMP response was blunted. These results suggest desensitization of guanylyl cyclase in the kidney of Ang II-induced hypertensive rats, which may contribute to the associated renal vasoconstriction and hypertension.