Blockage of tropoelastin secretion by monensin represses tropoelastin synthesis at a pretranslational level in rat smooth muscle cells.

The blockage of protein secretion in the R22 cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cell strain with monensin repressed tropoelastin gene expression at the mRNA level by ca. 50-fold as measured by biosynthetic pulse-labeling, in vitro translation, and hybridization with a tropoelastin genomic DNA probe. These results suggest that tropoelastin gene expression is autoregulated, and they represent the first reported effect of monensin on gene expression.     

Effect of propionate and pyruvate on citrulline synthesis and ATP content in rat liver mitochondria.

Propionate inhibits citrullinogenesis when succinate (plus rotenone) or glutamate are the oxidizable substrates used. Propionate decreases the intramitochondrial concentration of carbamylphosphate by decreasing the ATP content. When the energy supply for citrullinogenesis is provided by an influx of exogenous ATP, propionate is no longer an inhibitor. Pyruvate inhibits citrullinogenesis with glutamate but not with succinate (plus rotenone) as oxidizable substrates. Propionate and pyruvate deplete mitochondrial ATP but probably by different mechanisms.     

Secondary conformational polymorphism of nucleic acids as a possible functional link between cellular parameters and DNA packaging processes

Circular dichroism and electron microscopy studies of various in vitro DNA packaging systems indicate that all the factors which induce and modulate the secondary conformation of DNA molecules are capable of eliciting nucleic acids condensation processes into tight, highly ordered tertiary structures as well as altering the extent of order and compactness within the resulting species. Specifically, such factors include the ionic strength, the presence of particular dehydrating agents and polyamines, as well as the pH values. It is proposed that slight alterations of these parameters induce the formation of short non-B-DNA segments that propagate as a perturbation along the B-DNA double helix. The structural fluctuations of the dsDNA molecules that result from the conformational discontinuities formed at the junction sites between the B motif and the conformationally altered segments alter the elastic response of the nucleic acids and facilitate cooperative condensation processes. Moreover, the type and frequency of the structurally modified clusters interspersed within the B conformation and determined by the environmental parameters are shown to provide a means for continuous regulation of the extent and mode of DNA packaging. The ionic strength and hydrophobic environment in the close vicinity of the DNA molecules are controlled and modulated in vivo by DNA-binding proteins such as histones and protamines; similarly, pH values and polyamine concentrations are constantly regulated in living systems. It is suggested, therefore, that the secondary structural polymorphism which characterizes the DNA molecules might display a regulatory role by acting as a functional link between cellular parameters and the extent, mode, and timing of nucleic acid packaging processes.     

Sequential elution of proteins in small volumes by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

A simple flexible method for separation of proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and sequential elution into dialysis bags has been devised. The system was applied to isolation of three glycoproteins from the peritoneal fluid of mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumor.     

Relationships between epitopes on IgE recognized by defined monoclonal antibodies and by the FC epsilon receptor on basophils

The present study investigated whether the sites on the FC region of the IgE molecule, recognized by different anti-IgE monoclonal antibodies (mAb), are identical to those recognized by the Fc receptor (Fc epsilon R). The anti-IgE mAb recognize different clusters of epitopes on the Fc region of IgE and could interfere to different degrees with the binding of IgE to mast cells and basophils, but still recognized cell-bound IgE. Analysis of the stoichiometry and affinity binding of 125I anti-IgE mAb Fab' to free IgE have revealed that anti-IgE mAb of one group (51.3) recognized three repetitive determinants on the IgE Fc portion, and another group (95.3) recognized only one determinant. When these stoichiometric studies were performed with cell-bound IgE, it was found that only one of the sites recognized by 51.3 mAb was involved in the Fc epsilon R binding site. On the other hand, the site recognized by 95.3 mAb was not the Fc epsilon R binding site. Such findings establish mAb 51.3 as a useful tool for isolating the IgE peptides involved in the binding site to the receptor.