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991.
992.
The emerging importance of the SPX domain-containing proteins in phosphate homeostasis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Secco D Wang C Arpat BA Wang Z Poirier Y Tyerman SD Wu P Shou H Whelan J 《The New phytologist》2012,193(4):842-851
Plant growth and development are strongly influenced by the availability of nutrients in the soil solution. Among them, phosphorus (P) is one of the most essential and most limiting macro-elements for plants. In the environment, plants are often confronted with P starvation as a result of extremely low concentrations of soluble inorganic phosphate (Pi) in the soil. To cope with these conditions, plants have developed a wide spectrum of mechanisms aimed at increasing P use efficiency. At the molecular level, recent studies have shown that several proteins carrying the SPX domain are essential for maintaining Pi homeostasis in plants. The SPX domain is found in numerous eukaryotic proteins, including several proteins from the yeast PHO regulon, involved in maintaining Pi homeostasis. In plants, proteins harboring the SPX domain are classified into four families based on the presence of additional domains in their structure, namely the SPX, SPX-EXS, SPX-MFS and SPX-RING families. In this review, we highlight the recent findings regarding the key roles of the proteins containing the SPX domain in phosphate signaling, as well as providing further research directions in order to improve our knowledge on P nutrition in plants, thus enabling the generation of plants with better P use efficiency. 相似文献
993.
994.
Zhadobov M Sauleau R Augustine R Le Quément C Le Dréan Y Thouroude D 《Bioelectromagnetics》2012,33(1):55-64
Due to the expected mass deployment of millimeter‐wave wireless technologies, thresholds of potential millimeter‐wave‐induced biological and health effects should be carefully assessed. The main purpose of this study is to propose, optimize, and characterize a near‐field exposure configuration allowing illumination of cells in vitro at 60 GHz with power densities up to several tens of mW/cm2. Positioning of a tissue culture plate containing cells has been optimized in the near‐field of a standard horn antenna operating at 60 GHz. The optimal position corresponds to the maximal mean‐to‐peak specific absorption rate (SAR) ratio over the cell monolayer, allowing the achievement of power densities up to 50 mW/cm2 at least. Three complementary parameters have been determined and analyzed for the exposed cells, namely the power density, SAR, and temperature dynamics. The incident power density and SAR have been computed using the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method. The temperature dynamics at different locations inside the culture medium are measured and analyzed for various power densities. Local SAR, determined based on the initial rate of temperature rise, is in a good agreement with the computed SAR (maximal difference of 5%). For the optimized exposure setup configuration, 73% of cells are located within the ±3 dB region with respect to the average SAR. It is shown that under the considered exposure conditions, the maximal power density, local SAR, and temperature increments equal 57 mW/cm2, 1.4 kW/kg, and 6 °C, respectively, for the radiated power of 425 mW. Bioelectromagnetics 33:55–64, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
995.
Probiotic cultures of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus acidophilus were grown in media having water activities (a w) adjusted between 0.99 and 0.94 with NaCl or with a mixture of glycerol and sucrose in order to find conditions of osmotic stress which would still allow for good growth. Cultures grown at a w?=?0.96 or 0.99 were then recovered by centrifugation, added to a sucrose–phosphate medium and air-dried. In some assays, a 2-h osmotic stress was applied to the cell concentrate prior to air-drying. Assays were also carried out where betaine, glutamate and proline (BGP) supplements were added as protective compounds to the growth or drying media. For most strains, evidence of osmotic stress and benefits of BGP supplementation on growth occurred at a w?=?0.96. Growing the cells in complex media adjusted at a w?=?0.96 did not enhance their subsequent survival to air-drying, but applying the 2-h osmotic stress did. Addition of the BGP supplements to the growth medium or in the 2-h stress medium did not enhance survival to air-drying. Furthermore, addition of BGP to a sucrose–phosphate drying medium reduced survival of the cultures to air-drying. This study provides preliminary data for producers of probiotics who wish to use air-drying in replacement of freeze-drying for the stabilization of cultures. 相似文献
996.
Luciano P Coulon S Faure V Corda Y Bos J Brill SJ Gilson E Simon MN Géli V 《The EMBO journal》2012,31(8):2034-2046
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the telomerase complex binds to chromosome ends and is activated in late S-phase through a process coupled to the progression of the replication fork. Here, we show that the single-stranded DNA-binding protein RPA (replication protein A) binds to the two daughter telomeres during telomere replication but only its binding to the leading-strand telomere depends on the Mre11/Rad50/Xrs2 (MRX) complex. We further demonstrate that RPA specifically co-precipitates with yKu, Cdc13 and telomerase. The interaction of RPA with telomerase appears to be mediated by both yKu and the telomerase subunit Est1. Moreover, a mutation in Rfa1 that affects both the interaction with yKu and telomerase reduces the dramatic increase in telomere length of a rif1Δ, rif2Δ double mutant. Finally, we show that the RPA/telomerase association and function are conserved in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Our results indicate that in both yeasts, RPA directly facilitates telomerase activity at chromosome ends. 相似文献
997.
Allain B Jarray R Borriello L Leforban B Dufour S Liu WQ Pamonsinlapatham P Bianco S Larghero J Hadj-Slimane R Garbay C Raynaud F Lepelletier Y 《Cellular signalling》2012,24(1):214-223
Recently, we identified a new Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-A165-induced gene Phactr-1, (Phosphatase Actin Regulator-1). We reported that Phactr-1 gene silencing inhibited tube formation in human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) indicating a key role for Phactr-1 in tubulogenesis in vitro. In this study, we investigated the role of Phactr-1 in several cellular processes related to angiogenesis. We found that neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) and VEGF-R1 depletion inhibited Phactr-1 mRNA expression while NRP-2 and VEGF-R2 depletion had no effect. We described a new interaction site of VEGF-A165 to VEGF-R1 in peptides encoded by exons 7 and 8 of VEGF-A165. The specific inhibition of VEGF-A165 binding on NRP-1 and VEGF-R1 by ERTCRC and CDKPRR peptides decreased the Phactr-1 mRNA levels in HUVECs indicating that VEGF-A165-dependent regulation of Phactr-1 expression required both NRP-1 and VEGF-R1 receptors. In addition, upon VEGFA165-stimulation Phactr-1 promotes formation and maintenance of cellular tubes through NRP-1 and VEGFR1. Phactr-1 was previously identified as protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) α-interacting protein that possesses actin-binding domains. We showed that Phactr-1 depletion decreased PP1 activity, disrupted the fine-tuning of actin polymerization and impaired lamellipodial dynamics. Taken together our results strongly suggest that Phactr-1 is a key component in the angiogenic process. 相似文献
998.
999.
Johnson AA Sayer JM Yagi H Patil SS Debart F Maier MA Corey DR Vasseur JJ Burke TR Marquez VE Jerina DM Pommier Y 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2006,281(43):32428-32438
Integration of the viral cDNA into host chromosomes is required for viral replication. Human immunodeficiency virus integrase catalyzes two sequential reactions, 3'-processing (3'-P) and strand transfer (ST). The first integrase inhibitors are undergoing clinical trial, but interactions of inhibitors with integrase and DNA are not well understood in the absence of a co-crystal structure. To increase our understanding of integrase interactions with DNA, we examined integrase catalysis with oligonucleotides containing DNA backbone, base, and groove modifications placed at unique positions surrounding the 3'-processing site. 3'-Processing was blocked with substrates containing constrained sugars and alpha-anomeric residues, suggesting that integrase requires flexibility of the phosphodiester backbone at the 3'-P site. Of several benzo[a]pyrene 7,8-diol 9,10-epoxide (BaP DE) adducts tested, only the adduct in the minor groove at the 3'-P site inhibited 3'-P, suggesting the importance of the minor groove contacts for 3'-P. ST occurred in the presence of bulky BaP DE DNA adducts attached to the end of the viral DNA suggesting opening of the active site for ST. Position-specific effects of these BaP DE DNA adducts were found for inhibition of integrase by diketo acids. Together, these results demonstrate the importance of DNA structure and specific contacts with the viral DNA processing site for inhibition by integrase inhibitors. 相似文献
1000.
Carrière Y Nyboer ME Ellers-Kirk C Sollome J Colletto N Antilla L Dennehy TJ Staten RT Tabashnik BE 《Journal of economic entomology》2006,99(3):946-953
Fitness costs associated with resistance to transgenic crops producing toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) could reduce male response to pheromone traps. Such costs would cause underestimation of resistance frequency if monitoring was based on analysis of males caught in pheromone traps. To develop a DNA-based resistance monitoring program for pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), we compared the response to pheromone traps of males with and without cadherin alleles associated with resistance to Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). When irradiated males from two hybrid laboratory strains with an intermediate frequency of resistance alleles were released in large field cages, the probability of capture in pheromone traps was not lower for males with resistance alleles than for males without resistance alleles. These results suggest that analysis of trapped males would not underestimate the frequency of resistance. As the time males spent in traps in the field increased from 3 to 15 d, the success of DNA amplification declined from 100 to 30%. Thus, the efficiency of a DNA-based resistance monitoring program would be improved by analyzing males remaining in traps for 3 d or less. 相似文献