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131.
Yuzuru Itoh Markus J. Bröcker Shun-ichi Sekine Dieter Söll Shigeyuki Yokoyama 《Journal of molecular biology》2014
The 21st amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec), is incorporated translationally into proteins and is synthesized on its specific tRNA (tRNASec). In Bacteria, the selenocysteine synthase SelA converts Ser-tRNASec, formed by seryl-tRNA synthetase, to Sec-tRNASec. SelA, a member of the fold-type-I pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-dependent enzyme superfamily, has an exceptional homodecameric quaternary structure with a molecular mass of about 500 kDa. Our previously determined crystal structures of Aquifex aeolicus SelA complexed with tRNASec revealed that the ring-shaped decamer is composed of pentamerized SelA dimers, with two SelA dimers arranged to collaboratively interact with one Ser-tRNASec. The SelA catalytic site is close to the dimer–dimer interface, but the significance of the dimer pentamerization in the catalytic site formation remained elusive. In the present study, we examined the quaternary interactions and demonstrated their importance for SelA activity by systematic mutagenesis. Furthermore, we determined the crystal structures of “depentamerized” SelA variants with mutations at the dimer–dimer interface that prevent pentamerization. These dimeric SelA variants formed a distorted and inactivated catalytic site and confirmed that the pentamer interactions are essential for productive catalytic site formation. Intriguingly, the conformation of the non-functional active site of dimeric SelA shares structural features with other fold-type-I pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-dependent enzymes with native dimer or tetramer (dimer-of-dimers) quaternary structures. 相似文献
132.
Yuichiro Amano Eiichiro IshikawaEmiko Shinozawa Mitsuyuki ShimadaShotaro Miura Ryutaro AdachiRyuichi Tozawa 《Life sciences》2014
Aims
We previously reported anti-dyslipidemic effects of a farnesoid X receptor antagonist in monkeys. In this study, we compared the cholesterol-lowering effects of single and combined administration of a farnesoid X receptor antagonist, compound-T8, and the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor atorvastatin in a guinea pig model.Main methods
Plasma levels of 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, a marker of hepatic cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase activity, were measured after a single administration of compound-T8. The effects of compound-T8 or atorvastatin on plasma cholesterol levels and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) clearance were investigated after 14 or 16 days of repeated dosing, respectively. Fractional catabolic rate of plasma LDL was estimated by intravenous injection of DiI-labeled human LDL. The cholesterol-lowering effects of combination therapy were investigated after 7 days of repeated treatment.Key findings
Compound-T8 (10 and 30 mg/kg) increased plasma 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one levels in a dose-dependent manner. Single administration of compound-T8 (30 mg/kg) and atorvastatin (30 mg/kg) reduced plasma non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol levels by 48% and 46%, respectively, and increased clearance of plasma DiI-labeled LDL by 29% and 35%, respectively. Compound-T8 (10 mg/kg) or atorvastatin (10 mg/kg) reduced non-HDL cholesterol levels by 19% and 25%, respectively, and combination therapy showed an additive effect and lowered cholesterol levels by 48%.Significance
Similar to atorvastatin, compound-T8 reduced plasma non-HDL cholesterol levels accompanied with accelerated LDL clearance in guinea pigs. Combination therapy additively decreased plasma non-HDL cholesterol levels. Therefore, monotherapy with a farnesoid X receptor antagonist and combination therapy of a farnesoid X receptor antagonist with atorvastatin would be attractive dyslipidemia treatment options. 相似文献133.
Summary A cell-associated pullalanase (-dextrin 6-glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.41) of an extreme thermophile, Bacillus flavocaldarius KP 1228, was purified to homogeneity. The molecular weight and isoelectric point were estimated to be about 55 000 and 7.0, respectively. The N-terminal sequence was Ala-Try-Tyr-Glu-Gly-Ala-Phe-Phe-Tyr-Gln-Ile-Phe-Pro-Asp-Tyr-Phe-Phe-Tyr-Ala-Gly-. The enzyme was most active at pH 6.3. The activities for 5% pullulan and 5% soluble starch were maximal at 75–80° C and at 80–85° C, respectively. The enzyme was stable up to 90° C for 10 min at pH 6.8. The enzyme had no antigenic determinants shared with pullulanases from the mesophiles Klebsiella pneumoniae and B. acidopullulyticus NCIB 11647. A comparison of amino acid composition demonstrated that the proline content increased greatly in a linear fashion with the rise in thermostability in the order K. pneumoniae B. acidopullulyticus B. flavocaldarius enzymes, as found with Bacillus oligo-1,6-glucosidases.Presented in part at the Annual Meeting of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan at Tokyo, April 2, 1987 (Abstracts, p 91)Offprint requests to: Y. Suzuki 相似文献
134.
Youji Nakagawa Toru Hasebe Miyuki Ishiai Hideki Yamamura Yuzuru Iimura Masayuki Hayakawa 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(4):714-717
We constructed a plasmid that expresses FLO11 encoding a cell surface glycoprotein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under the control of a constitutive promoter. This plasmid conferred pellicle-forming ability on the non-pellicle-forming industrial strain of S. cerevisiae at the air–liquid interface of the glucose-containing liquid medium. The induced pellicle-forming cells exhibited tolerance to furfural, which is a key toxin in lignocellulosic hydrolysates, in ethanol production. 相似文献
135.
Kuroita T Kanno T Kawai A Kawakami B Oka M Endo Y Tozawa Y 《Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions》2007,11(1):85-94
We have isolated and characterized a gene for a putative protein-disulfide oxidoreductase (phdsb) in the archaeon Pyrococcus horikoshii. The open reading frame of phdsb encodes a protein of 170 amino acids with an NH2-terminal extension similar to the bacterial signal peptides. The putative mature region of PhDsb includes a sequence motif,
Cys-Pro-His-Cys (CPHC), that is conserved in members of the bacterial DsbA family, but otherwise the archaeal and bacterial
sequences do not show substantial similarity. A recombinant protein corresponding to the predicted mature form of PhDsb behaved
as a monomer and manifested oxidoreductase activities in vitro similar to those of DsbA of Escherichia coli. The catalytic activity of PhDsb was thermostable and was shown by mutation analysis to depend on the NH2-terminal cysteine residue of the CPHC motif. Thus, in spite of their low overall sequence similarities, DsbA-like proteins
of archaea and bacteria appear to be highly similar in terms of function. 相似文献
136.
Kunio Watanabe Shuichi Matsumura Tsuyoshi Watanabe Yuzuru Hamada 《Primates; journal of primatology》1991,32(3):385-389
Morphological observations of pet and wild monkeys were made in the area that was inferred to be the borderland betweenMacaca tonkeana andM. ochreata in Sulawesi. Almost all individual monkeys could be classified into one of two species by their external characteristics.
The possible borderland was estimated to extend from the La River in the east and to around Karaena River in the west. These
two species may make contact in the forest in the western area of the borderland. Some external characteristics exhibited
wide individual variations in the two species. Some monkeys originating from the borderland showed external characteristics
that were intermediate between those of the two species. The possible intergradation between these two species is discussed
in terms of the morphological variations found in the two species. 相似文献
137.
Yuzuru Hamada Toshifumi Udono Migaku Teramoto Tsutomu Sugawara 《Primates; journal of primatology》1996,37(3):279-295
Growth of chimpanzees reared at the Kumamoto Primates Park of Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co. Ltd. was studied cross-sectionally
from the viewpoints of somatic growth and reproductive maturation. Distance and velocity curves were expressed using spline
function method. Males showed adolescent growth acceleration in body weight, with a peak at 7.86 yrs of age, but not in trunk
length. Females showed continuous rapid growth from mid-juvenile to adolescent phase in both body weight and trunk length,
but no isolated adolescent spurt. The Sanwa chimpanzees matured at about 12.5 yrs of age for females and 15.0 yrs for males.
The mean adult weights and trunk lengths were 53.2 kg and 507.8 mm for males and 42.7 kg and 481.6 mm for females. The Sanwa
chimpanzees had similar growth patterns to those of the Yerkes chimpanzees, although they showed a slight delay in infancy,
and a higher growth rate from the early juvenile phase onwards. Growth patterns in these two laboratories may be regarded
as “normative” for laboratory-reared chimpanzees. They matured earlier than wild chimpanzees by more than two years. The major
reason for the retarded maturation in wild chimpanzees is the delay of growth from infant to the early juvenile phases (0–4
yrs of age), probably owing to a limited nutritional supply from the mother. Development of the testes comprised three phases:
slow growth from infant to juvenile (until 6.4 yrs); rapid growth around adolescence (until 9.2 yrs); and adult (mean testicular
volume, 187 cm3). Setting the nutritional standard at 2,000–2,600 Cal/day (= Kcal/day) per adult, calories were considered for captive chimpanzees
in each age class. 相似文献
138.
The genetic diversity and in vitro antifungal susceptibility profiles of 55 Candida albicans from immunocompromised patients were studied. PCR based analysis of the transposable intron in the 25S rDNA revealed 39 genotype
A, 4 genotype B and 12 genotype C isolates. Serotype analysis categorized 52 isolates as serotype A and 3 as serotype B. All
strains were susceptible to micafungin, 5-flucytosine and miconazole, whereas resistance against amphotericin B (3.6%), fluconazole
(3.6%), itraconazole (7.3%) and voriconazole (5.5%) was observed. No association was seen between antifungal resistance and
genotype/serotype status. 相似文献
139.
Yuzuru Suzuki Tadashi Yasui Yuji Mino Shigeo Abe 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1980,11(1):23-27
Summary A fumaric acid-assimilating obligate thermophile having a high aspartase activity was isolated from soil. The isolate (KP 1041) that grew at 45 to 68 °C was assigned to a strain of Bacillus stearothermophilus. The cell suspensions produced L-aspartate from fumarate and ammonium ion, with the rapidest initial rate at 65 °C and pH 9.5. The Michaelis constant for fumarate was 0.2 M. The cellular aspartase was relatively stable for 18 h at and below 50 °C over a pH range 6.7–8.3 in the presence of ammonium fumarate; this substance protected the enzyme from heat inactivation. The best yield in L-aspartic acid production was achieved at 6 h incubation at 53 °C and pH 8.5, using 0.88 M fumarate, 3.1 M ammonium ion, and the cells at 53 mg dry weight per ml. In this case, 85% of fumarate added was converted into aspartic acid. The structure of the product was determined from its infrared spectrum, specific rotation, melting point and ultimate analysis.Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan, Yokohama, April 2, 1977 相似文献
140.
External ATP causes passive permeability change in several transformed cells, but not in untransformed cells. We studied the effect of external ATP on the passive permeability of CHO-K1 cells, a transformed clone of Chinese hamster ovary cells. Treatment of the cells with external ATP alone did not produce a permeability change, and this was observed only when a mitochondrial inhibitor, such as rotenone or oligomycin, was present together with ATP. These inhibitors reduced the concentration of intracellular ATP and a permeability change by external ATP was observed when intracellular ATP was decreased more than 70%. This requirement for permeability change of CHO-K1 cells was quite unique, since passive permeability change of other transformed cells so far tested was induced by ATP alone. Treatment of CHO-K1 cells with cyclic AMP analogues increased their sensitivity to external ATP about 2-fold. The roles of external and intracellular ATP in controlling passive permeability are discussed. 相似文献