天然产物抗氧化构效关系及作用机理的研究概况

本文简介了近十年来天然抗氧化剂的研究概况,讨论了天然产物抗争氧化活性的构效关系及作用机理。     

油茶籽饼抗真菌活性成分的研究

从油茶籽饼中已经分离得到一种新的抗真菌活性成分油茶皂甙A,被鉴定为齐墩果烷型的五环三萜皂甙,它的mp为258～260℃,[α]_D~(27)=-20°(C=1％,80％EtOH),体外试验研究表明油茶皂甙A有较强的抑制真菌作用,对红包毛癣菌、石膏样癣菌、断发癣菌、黄癣菌、紫色癣菌、絮状表皮癣菌的MIC为0.125～1.000mg/ml,对白色念珠菌的MIC为0.0625～0.2500mg/ml。     

Steel Anti-Corrosion Strategy Enables Long-Cycle Zn Anode

The progress of aqueous zinc batteries (AZBs) is limited by the poor cycling life due to Zn anode instability, including dendrite growth, surface corrosion, and passivation. Inspired by the anti-corrosion strategy of steel industry, a compounding corrosion inhibitor (CCI) is employed as the electrolyte additive for Zn metal anode protection. It is shown that CCI can spontaneously generate a uniform and ≈30 nm thick solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on Zn anode with a strong adhesion via Zn O bonding. This SEI layer efficiently prohibits water corrosion and guides homogeneous Zn deposition without obvious dendrite formation. This enables reversible Zn deposition and dissolution for over 1100 h under the condition of 1 mA cm⁻² and 1 mAh cm⁻² in symmetric cells. The Zn-MnO₂ full cells with CCI-modified electrolyte deliver an ultralow capacity decay rate (0.013% per cycle) at 0.5 A g⁻¹ over 1000 cycles. Such an innovative strategy paves a low-cost way to achieve AZBs with long lifespan.     

Frankia菌种保藏

对用4种方法保藏的Frankia菌,进行了培养物存活、形态及其固氮活性的检测.发现在无氮液体培养基中保藏6年的Frankia.菌丝断裂,孢囊不完整.同期经有氮液体保藏的Frankia菌孢囊较完整.冷冻干燥保藏3.5年和砂管保藏8年,孢囊和菌丝均较完整.上述方法保藏的菌种,经活化后均能生长,且具有典型的Frankia菌形态特征和固氮活性.4种方法比较,无氮液体保藏法的菌体细胞生长速度快,固氮活性强,有侵染结瘤能力.     

麦迪霉素产生菌具有启动功能的DNA片段的克隆和分析

利用启动子探针质粒载体pIJ486从麦迪霉素产生菌总DNA中克隆得到了一段具有启动功能的DNA片段.通过限制性酶酶切分析,测定插入DNA片段大小为2.3kb.又利用载体pIJ486和pIJ487的新霉素抗性结构基因上游有多酶切点方向相反的性质,分析了插入片段在两个不同方向上的启动能力.结果表明,在两个方向上均有启动功能,但强弱相差六倍.其中在XbaI-HindIII方向上具有较强的启动能力,在变铅青链霉菌中新霉素抗性水平可达20mg/ml以上.进一步对插入片段的三个BamHI小片段进行分析的结果表明,较强启动子区域集中在BamHI-BamHI 0.79kb DNA片段上.     

The Early Silurian brachiopod Eocoelia from the Hudson Bay Basin, Canada

Eocoelia akimiskii sp. nov. from the Lower Silurian (upper Telychian) Attawapiskat Formation of Akimiski Island, James Bay, Nunavut, is the first and oldest Eocoelia to be described from the Hudson Bay Basin, one of three largest inland basins of North America. The new species lacks dental plates, dental cavities, and marginal deflection or lip, which indicates a post-Aeronian form of the well-known Eocoelia lineage. In rib numbers, Eocoelia akimiskii falls between E. curtisi and E. sulcata , being closer to E. sulcata . In rib strength, however, the new species is more closely allied to E. curtisi . Although Eocoelia is currently assigned to the Rhynchonellida because of its lack of spiralia, several features (particularly the lack of a septalium, the presence of a unique notothyrial platform and cardinal process, and dense, free-hanging fibrous growth frills) of the genus and other leptocoeliids are distinctly atypical of the rhynchonellides. The new species occurs in an inter-reef, shelly packstone facies within the Attawapiskat Formation, which is characterized by coral-stromatoporoid reefs with abundant, diverse, reef-dwelling brachiopods and other shelly organisms. The close association of Eocoelia akimiskii with the Attawapiskat reefs supports a shallow subtidal (BA2) setting generally assigned to the Eocoelia Community. The reefs themselves, however, host an extremely abundant brachiopod fauna dominated by Pentameroides , Trimerella , Septatrypa , and Gypidula . Four species of Clorinda are also common elements of the reef-dwelling brachiopods. This demonstrates that the concept of the classic Early Silurian level-bottom brachiopod communities cannot be directly applied to reef-dwelling brachiopod communities.     

Gene identification in a complex chromosomal continuum by local genomic cross-referencing

Most higher plants have complex genomes containing large quantities of repetitive DNA interspersed with low-copy-number sequences. Many of these repetitive DNAs are mobile and have homology to RNAs in various cell types. This can make it difficult to identify the genes in a long chromosomal continuum. It was decided to use genic sequence conservation and grass genome co-linearity as tools for gene identification. A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone containing sorghum genomic DNA was selected using a maize Adh1 probe. The 165 kb sorghum BAC was tested for hybridization to a set of clones representing the contiguous 280 kb of DNA flanking maize Adh1. None of the repetitive maize DNAs hybridized, but most of the low-copy-number sequences did. A low-copy-number sequence that did cross-hybridize was found to be a gene, while one that did not was found to be a low-copy-number retrotransposon that was named Reina. Regions of cross-hybridization were co-linear between the two genomes, but closer together in the smaller sorghum genome. These results indicate that local genomic cross-referencing by hybridization of orthologous clones can be an efficient and rapid technique for gene identification and studies of genome organization.     

宜昌大老岭种子植物区系研究

大老岭有野生种子植物１２２科４３５属８５６种。对本区科、属和种进行了统计与分析,结果表明,该地区的植物区系性质明显是温带性,且以北温带成分为主,地理成分复杂,仅属就有１３个分布区类型和１７个变型,地理联系广泛,具有古老性强和特有现象不很突出的特点。     

人重组GM－CSF／HAS－D3嵌合蛋白（GM－HSA）在大肠杆菌中的表达及其产物稳定性的研究

将人粒细胞－巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）和人血清白蛋白第三功能区（ＨＡＳ－Ｄ３）的基因串联后,在Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ中获高效表达,表达量占菌体蛋白的３２．６％．利用ＴＦ－１体外细胞活性测定表明,ＧＭ－ＨＳＡ的活性单位为１．０４×１０~６Ｕ／ｍｇ,虽然其比活性低于ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ,但比后者具有更高的体外热稳定性和储藏稳定性．