天山北坡前山带12种植物对干旱胁迫和复水的响应及抗旱性评价

【目的】探讨12种植物对干旱胁迫的动态生理适应性及抗旱能力,筛选适宜在天山北坡前山带进行植被恢复的灌木树种。【方法】以新疆天山北坡前山带种植的刺蔷薇、柠条锦鸡儿、文冠果、山杏、柽柳、梭梭、中亚沙棘、蒙古沙棘（‘新棘1号’、‘新棘2号’、‘新棘3号’、‘新棘4号’、‘新棘5号’）共12种植物为研究对象,观测灌水之后土壤水分的时空分布变化,分析干旱胁迫和复水处理对植物光合气体交换参数、抗逆生理生化指标、叶绿素荧光参数的影响,利用主成分分析法评价12种植物的抗旱能力。【结果】（1）在干旱胁迫发生前后,各植物立地土壤表层（0—20 cm）水分散失最快,中层（20—40 cm）次之,底层（40—60cm）水分散失最慢,而不同植物因其生长策略不同,通过改变其生长情况来适应干旱;（2）随着干旱胁迫的加剧,植物叶片光合生理指标净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、胞间二氧化碳浓度、PSⅡ潜在活性、 PSⅡ最大光化学效率、电子传递速率和叶绿素含量降低,而抗逆生理指标超氧化物歧化酶活性、脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量及非光化学猝灭系数升高,复水之后各指标都有一定程度的恢复,但均未达到初始水平;（3）主成分分析结果显示,净光合速率、叶绿素含量、电子传递效率和丙二醛含量等指标贡献率较大,梭梭、柽柳、刺蔷薇和柠条锦鸡儿抗旱性较强,中亚沙棘、‘新棘5号’、‘新棘1号’和山杏抗旱性次之,而‘新棘4号’、‘新棘3号’、文冠果和‘新棘2号’较弱。【结论】净光合速率、叶绿素含量、电子传递效率和丙二醛含量可作为评价各植物适应干旱胁迫的重要指标;新疆天山北坡前山带区域植被生态恢复过程中应优先考虑梭梭、柽柳、刺蔷薇及柠条锦鸡儿进行建植。     

Design of Star-Shaped Trimer Acceptors for High-Performance (Efficiency > 19%), Photostable,and Mechanically Robust Organic Solar Cells

High power conversion efficiency (PCE), long-term stability, and mechanical robustness are prerequisites for the commercial applications of organic solar cells (OSCs). In this study, a new star-shaped trimer acceptor (TYT-S) is developed and high-performance OSCs with a PCE of 19.0%, high photo-stability (t_80% lifetime = 2600 h under 1-sun illumination), and mechanical robustness with a crack-onset strain (COS) of 21.6% are achieved. The isotropic molecular structure of TYT-S affords efficient multi-directional charge transport and high electron mobility. Furthermore, its amorphous structure prevents the formation of brittle crystal-to-crystal interfaces, significantly enhancing the mechanical properties of the OSC. As a result, the TYT-S-based OSCs demonstrate a significantly higher PCE (19.0%) and stretchability (COS = 21.6%) than the linear-shaped trimer acceptor (TYT-L)-based OSCs (PCE = 17.5% and COS = 6.4%) and the small-molecule acceptor (MYT)-based OSCs (PCE = 16.5% and COS = 1.3%). In addition, the increased molecular size of TYT-S, relative to that of MYT and dimer (DYT), suppresses the diffusion kinetics of the acceptor molecules, substantially improving the photostability of the OSCs. Finally, to effectively demonstrate the potential of TYT-S, intrinsically stretchable (IS)-OSCs are constructed. The TYT-S-based IS-OSCs exhibit high device stretchability (strain at PCE_80% = 31%) and PCE of 14.4%.     

乙型肝炎肝硬化腹水合并自发性细菌性腹膜炎患者肠道菌群特征

初步分析乙型肝炎肝硬化腹水合并自发性细菌性腹膜炎（SBP）患者肠道菌群特征,为该类患者的治疗提供参考。

选取我院符合纳入标准的乙型肝炎肝硬化腹水患者45例为研究对象,其中24例合并SBP的患者为SBP组、21例未合并SBP的患者为NSBP组,另选同期20例健康人为HC组。应用16S rDNA测序技术检测患者肠道菌群,并使用生物信息学方法分析各组对象肠道菌群变化。

SBP组、NSBP组及HC组相比,其肠道菌群的物种多样性及丰富度差异均无统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。PCoA分析显示,NSBP组与HC组患者肠道菌群结构相似,SBP组与其他两组相比菌群结构较为不同。与NSBP组相比,SBP组患者肠道菌群中变形菌门（Proteobacteria,5.45% vs 13.50%,U = 161.000,P = 0.038）、软壁菌门（Tenericutes,0.019% vs 0.073%,U = 162.000,P = 0.035）、埃希—志贺菌属（Escherichia-Shigella,0.24% vs 9.53%,U = 103.000,P = 0.001）、柠檬酸杆菌属（Citrobacter,LDA＞2）等丰度均增加;酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria,0.026% vs 0.015%,U = 152.000,P = 0.023）、罗氏菌属（Roseburia,2.55% vs 2.00%,U = 152.000,P = 0.023）、粪球菌属（Coprococcus,LDA＞2）等丰度下降。

乙型肝炎肝硬化腹水的发生发展与肠道菌群密切相关,在SBP患者肠道菌群中发现潜在病原体数量显著增加,并伴随有益细菌数量的减少。

     

Karyotype evolution of the Asterids insights from the first genome sequences of the family Cornaceae

Cornaceae is a core representative family in Cornales, the earliest branching lineage in the Asterids on the life tree of angiosperms. This family includes the only genus Cornus, a group of ~55 species. These species occur widely in Northern Hemisphere and have been used as resources for horticultural ornaments, medicinal and industrial manufacturing. However, no any genome sequences are available for this family. Here, we reported a chromosome­level genome for Cornus controversa. This was generated using high-fidelity plus Hi–C sequencing, and totally ~771.80 Mb assembled sequences and 39,886 protein-coding genes were obtained. We provided evidence for a whole-genome duplication event (WGD) unique to C. controversa. The evolutionary features of this genome indicated that the expanded and unique genes might have contributed to response to stress, stimulus and defense. By using chromosome-level syntenic blocks shared between eight living genomes, we found high degrees of genomic diversification from the ancestral core-eudicot genome to the present-day genomes, suggesting an important role of WGD in genomic plasticity that leads to speciation and diversification. These results provide foundational insights on the evolutionary history of Cornaceae, as well as on the Asterids diversification.     

Pan‐Cancer analyses of Necroptosis‐Related genes as a potential target to predict immunotherapeutic outcome

Necroptosis is a unique programmed death mechanism of necrotic cells. However, its role and specific mechanism in cancer remain unclear, and a systematic pan‐cancer analysis of necroptosis is yet to be conducted. Thus, we performed a specific pan‐cancer analysis using The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype‐Tissue Expression databases to analyse necroptosis expression in terms of cancer prognosis, DNA methylation status, tumour mutative burden, microsatellite instability, immune cell infiltration in different types of cancer and molecular mechanisms. For the first time, we explored the correlation between necroptosis and immunotherapy prognosis. Thus, our study provides a relatively comprehensive understanding of the carcinogenicity of necroptosis in different types of cancer. It is suggested that necroptosis can be used to evaluate the sensitivity of different patients to immunotherapy and may become a potential target for tumour immunotherapy.     

Direct adenylation from 5′-OH-terminated oligonucleotides by a fusion enzyme containing Pfu RNA ligase and T4 polynucleotide kinase

5′-Adenylated oligonucleotides (AppOligos) are widely used for single-stranded DNA/RNA ligation in next-generation sequencing (NGS) applications such as microRNA (miRNA) profiling. The ligation between an AppOligo adapter and target molecules (such as miRNA) no longer requires ATP, thereby minimizing potential self-ligations and simplifying library preparation procedures. AppOligos can be produced by chemical synthesis or enzymatic modification. However, adenylation via chemical synthesis is inefficient and expensive, while enzymatic modification requires pre-phosphorylated substrate and additional purification. Here we cloned and characterized the Pfu RNA ligase encoded by the PF0353 gene in the hyperthermophilic archaea Pyrococcus furiosus. We further engineered fusion enzymes containing both Pfu RNA ligase and T4 polynucleotide kinase. One fusion enzyme, 8H-AP, was thermostable and can directly catalyze 5′-OH-terminated DNA substrates to adenylated products. The newly discovered Pfu RNA ligase and the engineered fusion enzyme may be useful tools for applications using AppOligos.     

Exosomal miR-146a-5p and miR-155-5p promote CXCL12/CXCR7-induced metastasis of colorectal cancer by crosstalk with cancer-associated fibroblasts

C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 7 (CXCR7) is a newly discovered atypical chemokine receptor that binds to C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) with higher affinity than CXCR4 and is associated with the metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been known to promote tumor progression. However, whether CAFs are involved in CXCR7-mediated metastasis of CRC remains elusive. We found a significant positive correlation between CXCR7 expression and CAF activation markers in colonic tissues from clinical specimens and in villin-CXCR7 transgenic mice. RNA sequencing revealed a coordinated increase in the levels of miR-146a-5p and miR-155-5p in CXCR7-overexpressing CRC cells and their exosomes. Importantly, these CRC cell-derived miR-146a-5p and miR-155-5p could be uptaken by CAFs via exosomes and promote the activation of CAFs through JAK2–STAT3/NF-κB signaling by targeting suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) and zinc finger and BTB domain containing 2 (ZBTB2). Reciprocally, activated CAFs further potently enhanced the invasive capacity of CRC cells. Mechanistically, CAFs transfected with miR-146a-5p and miR-155-5p exhibited a robust increase in the levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β, and CXCL12, which trigger the epithelial–mesenchymal transition and pro-metastatic switch of CRC cells. More importantly, the activation of CAFs by miR-146a-5p and miR-155-5p facilitated tumor formation and lung metastasis of CRC in vivo using tumor xenograft models. Our work provides novel insights into CXCR7-mediated CRC metastasis from tumor–stroma interaction and serum exosomal miR-146a-5p and miR-155-5p could serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for inhibiting CRC metastasis.Subject terms: Cancer microenvironment, Colon cancer     

黑线仓鼠种群数量动态预测研究

１９８４－１９９１年３－１０月,每月中旬在中国农科院草原研究所试验场的不同牧草和作物地进行调查,１９８４－１９９１年共捕获鼠４０９３只,其中黑线仓鼠２９２０只占７１．３４％。黑线仓鼠种群数量季节和年度变化明显,利用电子计算机对黑线仓鼠种数量进行分析,提出种群数量繁殖指数和动态模型以及短、中、长期预测公式、预测准确率为９０．０％。并对影响种群数量的因素进行了初步分析。