北部湾茅尾海无瓣海桑红树林地上生物量反演——基于XGBoost机器学习算法

无瓣海桑是广西从自治区外引进的外来红树林树种,采用定量化算法精确估算无瓣海桑地上生物量对红树林生态修复以及海洋蓝碳监测提供经验和方法。论文以广西茅尾海自然保护区无瓣海桑红树林为研究对象,以野外实测无瓣海桑红树林地上生物量数据和Sentinel-1/2卫星提取的后向散射数据、波段数据、植被指数数据和纹理指数数据为数据源,通过分析各遥感因子与实测红树林地上生物量之间的重要性关系,采用极端梯度提升(XGBoost)机器学习算法对比了不同的变量组合对模型精度的影响,最后基于优选的变量组合反演了无瓣海桑红树林的地上生物量。结果表明：(1)研究区无瓣海桑红树林实测树高范围为1.55—13.58m,平均值为8.37m,胸径范围为0.7—41cm,平均值为15.62cm;(2)通过XGBoost算法优选的21个特征变量组合模型拟合效果较好,其模型在测试阶段R²=0.7237,RMSE=21.70Mg/hm²。XGBoost算法反演研究区无瓣海桑地上生物量介于19.14—138.46Mg/hm²之间,平均值为51.92Mg/hm^...     

靶向紧密连接蛋白6的药物在癌症治疗中的研究进展

紧密连接蛋白6(Claudin6,CLDN6)是紧密连接蛋白(Claudins,CLDNs)家族的一员,在卵巢癌、睾丸癌、子宫颈内膜癌、肝癌和肺腺癌等多种癌症中特异性高表达,而在成人正常组织中几乎不表达。其能够激活多条通路参与肿瘤发生的多个过程,包括促进肿瘤生长、迁移和侵袭,且促进肿瘤化疗耐药。近年来,CLDN6作为癌症治疗的新靶点引起了研究人员的广泛关注,针对CLDN6靶点开发了多种类型的抗癌药物,包括抗体偶联药物(antibody-drug conjugate,ADC)、单克隆抗体、双特异性抗体和嵌合抗原受体T细胞免疫疗法(chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy,CAR-T)。本文简要概述了CLDN6的蛋白结构、表达分布以及在肿瘤中的功能,并对其作为药靶开发的抗癌药物研发现状和研发思路进行了综述。     

闽南渔场主要游泳动物时空生态位特征及其影响因素

根据2019—2021年在闽南渔场进行的秋季、冬季、春季和夏季四个航次定点底拖网调查资料,利用相对重要性指数、种群聚集强度、生态位宽度、生态位重叠及冗余分析对主要游泳动物时空生态位特征及其影响因素进行研究。结果表明,(1)调查海域共鉴定出游泳动物214种,主要优势种有18种,优势种存在明显的季节更替现象;夏季优势种的丛生指数和平均拥挤度较高,春季较低;(2)在时间维度上,须赤虾(Metapenaeposis barbata De Haan)生态位宽度最大(0.99), 7组种对时间生态位重叠值等于1.00;在空间维度上,带鱼(Trachurus japonicus Temminck&Schlegel)生态位宽度最大(2.57),空间生态位重叠值超过0.6的种类占71.3%;在时空维度上,带鱼生态位宽度最大(2.45),鹿斑仰口鲾(Leiognathus ruconius Hamilton)与赤鼻棱鳀(Thrissa kammalensis Bleeker)时空生态位重叠值最大(0.94);(3)冗余分析表明,底层温度和底层盐度是影响闽南渔场主要游泳动物时空生态位特征的重要环境因...     

甘蓝型油菜子叶和下胚轴再生植株无性系建立

以甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.)豫油2号和6257的子叶和下胚轴为材料,在不同激素配比的MS培养基上诱导出了愈伤组织。将经过继代的部分愈伤转入分化培养基,分化结果表明:除基因型、外植体和分化培养基的激素配比对分化率有影响外,诱导愈伤培养基的激素配比对分化率也至关重要。豫油2号的子叶和下胚轴在最适诱导培养基(ZT 1+NAA0.5+2,4-D 0.2 mg/L)和最适分化培养基(ZT4+IAA 0.2 mg/L)组合中的愈伤分化率分别为12.5%和75%;6257的子叶和下胚轴在其最适诱导培养基(KT 2+NAA1+2,4-D 0.2 mg/L)和最适分化培养基(6-BA 4+IAA 0.02 mg/L)组合中的愈伤分化率分别为50%和37.5%。将其最适诱导培养基中的愈伤组织继代达8个月以上,建立了不同继代愈伤的再生植株无性系。     

木波罗种子脱水敏感性与膜脂过氧化的研究

刚采收的木波罗种子含水量为５８．６％。随着含水量下降,种子的发芽率和发芽指数迅速下降,种子对脱水非常敏感,是典型的顽拗性种。自然脱水时,种子胚轴和子叶中超氧物歧化酶的活性先上升,然后下降,丙二醛和脂质氢过氧化物的含量显著增加。其脱水敏感性的原因可能是当种子脱水时,植物酶ＳＯＤ的活性下降,膜脂过氧化作用加强,从而使膜的结构和功能受到破坏,种子生活力丧失。     

Butanol Extract of Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Harms Alleviates Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

This study investigated the effect of butanol extract of AS (ASBUE) on atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE^−/−) mice. The mice were administered ASBUE (390 or 130 mg/kg/day) or rosuvastatin (RSV) via oral gavage for eight weeks. In ApoE^−/− mice, ASBUE suppressed the abnormal body weight gain and improved serum and liver biochemical indicators. ASBUE remarkably reduced the aortic plaque area, improved liver pathological conditions, and lipid metabolism abnormalities, and altered the intestinal microbiota structure in ApoE^−/− mice. In the vascular tissue of ASBUE-treated mice, P-IKKβ, P-NFκB, and P-IκBα levels tended to decrease, while IκB-α increased in high fat-diet-fed atherosclerotic mice. These findings demonstrated the anti-atherosclerotic potential of ASBUE, which is mediated by the interaction between the gut microbiota and lipid metabolism and regulated via the Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. This work paves the groundwork for subsequent studies to develop innovative drugs to treat atherosclerosis.     

The Prevention Effect of Bacillus subtilis on Escherichia coli–Induced Mastitis in Mice by Suppressing the NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways

Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins - Mastitis, common inflammation of the mammary gland, caused by various factors, is a challenge for the dairy industry. Escherichia coli (E. coli), a...     

ARK2 stabilizes the plus-end of microtubules and promotes microtubule bundling in Arabidopsis

Microtubule dynamics and organization are important for plant cell morphogenesis and development. The microtubule-based motor protein kinesins are mainly responsible for the transport of some organelles and vesicles, although several have also been shown to regulate microtubule organization. The ARMADILLO REPEAT KINESIN (ARK) family is a plant-specific motor protein subfamily that consists of three members (ARK1, ARK2, and ARK3) in Arabidopsis thaliana. ARK2 has been shown to participate in root epidermal cell morphogenesis. However, whether and how ARK2 associates with microtubules needs further elucidation. Here, we demonstrated that ARK2 co-localizes with microtubules and facilitates microtubule bundling in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacological assays and microtubule dynamics analyses indicated that ARK2 stabilizes cortical microtubules. Live-cell imaging revealed that ARK2 moves along cortical microtubules in a processive mode and localizes both at the plus-end and the sidewall of microtubules. ARK2 therefore tracks and stabilizes the growing plus-ends of microtubules, which facilitates the formation of parallel microtubule bundles.     

草菇子实体多肽提取工艺及其抗氧化活性

为了优化草菇子实体多肽的提取工艺和探究其抗氧化活性,以草菇子实体为原料,采用酶解法提取草菇子实体多肽,通过单因素试验得出最佳的酶解工艺,并使用Box-Behnken设计试验组合。结果表明：草菇子实体提取多肽的最佳工艺为料液比1:52 (g/mL)、加酶量7 200 U/g、酶解温度43 ℃,此工艺条件下的多肽得率为67.76%。从1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除能力、铁离子还原能力、超氧阴离子自由基清除能力和羟自由基清除能力4个方面研究其体外抗氧化能力,结果表明,草菇子实体多肽对DPPH自由基清除率为74.11%,超氧阴离子自由基和羟自由基清除率分别在69.64%和91.83%达到稳定,草菇子实体多肽还具有一定的还原力,说明草菇子实体多肽可以作为优质抗氧化肽的良好来源。该研究为草菇多肽的高效制备和抗氧化肽等高附加值产品的研发提供理论依据。