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981.
Atsushi Kuno Yusuke S. Hori Ryusuke Hosoda Masaya Tanno Tetsuji Miura Kazuaki Shimamoto Yoshiyuki Horio 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2013,288(8):5963-5972
Cardiomyopathy is the main cause of death in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Here, we show that oral administration of resveratrol, which leads to activation of an NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase SIRT1, suppresses cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis and restores cardiac diastolic function in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice. The pro-hypertrophic co-activator p300 protein but not p300 mRNA was up-regulated in the mdx heart, and resveratrol administration down-regulated the p300 protein level. In cultured cardiomyocytes, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by the α1-agonist phenylephrine was inhibited by the overexpression of SIRT1 as well as resveratrol, both of which down-regulated p300 protein levels but not p300 mRNA levels. In addition, activation of atrial natriuretic peptide promoter by p300 was inhibited by SIRT1. We found that SIRT1 induced p300 down-regulation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway by deacetylation of lysine residues for ubiquitination. These findings indicate the pathological significance of p300 up-regulation in the dystrophic heart and indicate that SIRT1 activation has therapeutic potential for dystrophic cardiomyopathy. 相似文献
982.
Makoto Ihara Shin Hamamoto Yohei Miyanoiri Mitsuhiro Takeda Masatsune Kainosho Isamu Yabe Nobuyuki Uozumi Atsuko Yamashita 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2013,288(21):15303-15317
Multimodal activation by various stimuli is a fundamental characteristic of TRP channels. We
identified a fungal TRP channel, TRPGz, exhibiting activation by hyperosmolarity, temperature
increase, cytosolic Ca2+ elevation, membrane potential, and
H2O2 application, and thus it is expected to represent a prototypic multimodal
TRP channel. TRPGz possesses a cytosolic C-terminal domain (CTD), primarily composed of
intrinsically disordered regions with some regulatory modules, a putative coiled-coil region and a
basic residue cluster. The CTD oligomerization mediated by the coiled-coil region is required for
the hyperosmotic and temperature increase activations but not for the tetrameric channel formation
or other activation modalities. In contrast, the basic cluster is responsible for general channel
inhibition, by binding to phosphatidylinositol phosphates. The crystal structure of the presumed
coiled-coil region revealed a tetrameric assembly in an offset spiral rather than a canonical
coiled-coil. This structure underlies the observed moderate oligomerization affinity enabling the
dynamic assembly and disassembly of the CTD during channel functions, which are compatible with the
multimodal regulation mediated by each functional module. 相似文献
983.
Tadashi Yoshida Sarah Galvez Sumit Tiwari Bashir M. Rezk Laura Semprun-Prieto Yusuke Higashi Sergiy Sukhanov Zipora Yablonka-Reuveni Patrice Delafontaine 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2013,288(33):23823-23832
Cachexia is a serious complication of many chronic diseases, such as congestive heart failure (CHF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although patients with advanced CHF or CKD often have increased angiotensin II (Ang II) levels and cachexia and Ang II causes skeletal muscle wasting in rodents, the potential effects of Ang II on muscle regeneration are unknown. Muscle regeneration is highly dependent on the ability of a pool of muscle stem cells (satellite cells) to proliferate and to repair damaged myofibers or form new myofibers. Here we show that Ang II reduced skeletal muscle regeneration via inhibition of satellite cell (SC) proliferation. Ang II reduced the number of regenerating myofibers and decreased expression of SC proliferation/differentiation markers (MyoD, myogenin, and active-Notch) after cardiotoxin-induced muscle injury in vivo and in SCs cultured in vitro. Ang II depleted the basal pool of SCs, as detected in Myf5nLacZ/+ mice and by FACS sorting, and this effect was inhibited by Ang II AT1 receptor (AT1R) blockade and in AT1aR-null mice. AT1R was highly expressed in SCs, and Notch activation abrogated the AT1R-mediated antiproliferative effect of Ang II in cultured SCs. In mice that developed CHF postmyocardial infarction, there was skeletal muscle wasting and reduced SC numbers that were inhibited by AT1R blockade. Ang II inhibition of skeletal muscle regeneration via AT1 receptor-dependent suppression of SC Notch and MyoD signaling and proliferation is likely to play an important role in mechanisms leading to cachexia in chronic disease states such as CHF and CKD. 相似文献
984.
Yusuke Yonekura Seiichi Ohta Yoshiyuki Kiyono Darul Aksa Kazuhito Morisada Nagaharu Tanaka Ichiro Tayasu 《Plant and Soil》2013,372(1-2):683-699
Background and aims
Large portions of the deforested areas in Southeast Asia have been ultimately replaced by the invasive grass Imperata cylindrica, but the dynamics of soil organic matter (SOM) during such land transitions are poorly understood. This study presents SOM dynamics in density and particle-size fractions following rainforest destruction and the subsequent establishment and persistence of Imperata grassland.Methods
We examined soil C stock and natural 13C abundance in these fractions to depths of 100 cm. We predicted future soil C storage and evaluated C turnover rates in these fractions using a simple exponential model. Because soil texture strongly affects soil C storage, two chronosequences of soils differing in soil texture were compared (n?=?1 in each chronosequence).Results
The clay-associated SOM increased in all soil layers (0–100 cm) along the forest-to-grassland chronosequence, whereas light-fraction SOM in the surface soil layer (0–5 cm) decreased.Conclusions
In the surface layer, all SOM fractions exhibited rapid replacement of forest-derived C to grassland-derived C, indicating fast turnover. Meanwhile, δ13C values of the light fraction in the surface layer indicated that forest-derived charcoal and/or occluded low-density organic matter constituted unexpectedly large proportions of the light fraction. Mathematical modelling (0–50 cm) showed that grassland-derived C in the clay and silt fractions in all soil layers increased almost linearly for at least 50 years after grassland establishment. In the meantime, the forest-derived C stock in the clay fraction constituted 82 % of the total stable C pool at 0–50-cm depths even under steady-state conditions (t = ∞), indicating that residue of forest-derived SOM associated with clay largely contributed to preserving the soil C pool. Comparing soils with different soil textures, clay and silt particles in coarse-textured soil exhibited a substantially higher degree of organo-mineral interactions per unit volume of clay or silt compared to fine-textured soils. 相似文献985.
Yusuke Yamagishi Joto Yoshimoto Hiromu Uchiyama Eri Nabeshima Satoshi Nakaba Ugai Watanabe Ryo Funada 《Planta》2013,237(4):1179-1185
The formation of tracheary elements was induced in calli derived from petioles of hybrid poplar (Populus sieboldii × P. grandidentata) after 10 days of culture on medium that lacked auxin but contained 1 μM brassinolide. Some differentiated cells formed broad regions of cell walls and bordered pits, which are typical features of tracheary elements of secondary xylem. Other differentiated cells resembled tracheary elements of primary xylem, with spiral or reticulate thickening of cell walls. The tracheary elements that developed in calli were formed within cell clusters. This induction system provides a new model for studies of the mechanism of differentiation of secondary xylem cells in vitro. 相似文献
986.
987.
Yusuke Sato'o Katsuhiko Omoe Hisaya K. Ono Akio Nakane Dong‐Liang Hu 《Microbiology and immunology》2013,57(2):91-99
Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs) form a growing family of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in Staphylococci. Horizontal genetic transfer by MGEs plays an important role in the evolution of S. aureus. Several SaPIs carry staphylococcal enterotoxin and SE‐like toxin genes. To comprehensively investigate the diversity of SaPIs, a series of primers corresponding to sequences flanking six SaPI insertion sites in S. aureus genome were designed and a long and accurate (LA)‐PCR analysis method established. LA‐PCR products of 13–17 kbp were observed in strains with seb, selk or selq genes. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis showed that the products have different RFLP characteristics than do previously described SaPIs; they were therefore predicted to include new SaPIs. Nucleotide sequencing analysis revealed seven novel SaPIs: seb‐harboring SaPIivm10, SaPishikawa11, SaPIivm60, SaPIno10 and SaPIhirosaki4, selk and selq‐harboring SaPIj11 and non‐superantigen‐harboring SaPIhhms2. These SaPIs have mosaic structures containing components of known SaPIs and other unknown genes. Strains carrying different SaPIs were found to have significantly different production of superantigen toxins. The present results show that the LA‐PCR approach can comprehensively identify SaPI diversity and is useful for investigating the evolution of S. aureus pathogenicity. 相似文献
988.
989.
Jin Zhang Katsuhide Mizuno Yuki Murata Hideaki Koide Midori Murakami Kunio Ihara Tsutomu Kouyama 《Proteins》2013,81(9):1585-1592
Deltarhodopsin, a new member of the microbial rhodopsin family, functions as a light‐driven proton pump. Here, we report the three‐dimensional structure of deltarhodopsin (dR3) from Haloterrigena thermotolerans at 2.7 Å resolution. A crystal belonging to space group R32 (a, b = 111.71 Å, c = 198.25 Å) was obtained by the membrane fusion method. In this crystal, dR3 forms a trimeric structure as observed for bacteriorhodopsin (bR). Structural comparison of dR with bR showed that the inner part (the proton release and uptake pathways) is highly conserved. Meanwhile, residues in the protein–protein contact region are largely altered so that the diameter of the trimeric structure at the cytoplasmic side is noticeably larger in dR3. Unlike bR, dR3 possesses a helical segment at the C‐terminal region that fills the space between the AB and EF loops. A significant difference is also seen in the FG loop, which is one residue longer in dR3. Another peculiar property of dR3 is a highly crowded distribution of positively charged residues on the cytoplasmic surface, which may be relevant to a specific interaction with some cytoplasmic component.Proteins 2013; © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
990.