Diallyl trisulfide induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of A549 cells in vitro and in vivo

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality all over the world. In recent years, pulmonary adenocarcinoma has surpassed squamous cell carcinoma in frequency and is the predominant form of lung cancer in many countries. Epidemiological investigations have shown an inverse relationship between garlic (Allium sativum) consumption and death rate from many cancers. Diallyl trisulfide (DATS) is one of the garlic-derived compounds (also known as: organosulfer compounds, OSC). DATS can induce apoptosis and inhibit the growth of many cancer cell lines. Our study demonstrated that the apoptotic incidents induced by DATS were a mitochondria-dependent caspase cascade through a significant decrease of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 that resulted in up-regulation of the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and the activity of caspase-3, -8, and -9. Eventually, DATS induced the apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, by establishing an animal model of female BALB/c nude mice with A549 xenografts, we found that oral gavage of DATS significantly retarded growth of A549 xenografts in nude mice without causing weight loss or any other side effects compared with the control group. All the evidence both in vitro and in vivo suggested that DATS could be an ideal anti-cancer drug.     

b-根瘤菌及特殊a-根瘤菌的研究概况

隶属于b-变形杆菌纲（proteobacteria）的根瘤菌,人们简称为b-根瘤菌。本文通过对分离自含羞草根瘤隶属于Burkhloderia 和Cupriavidus的b-根瘤菌及归于Blastobacter、Ochrobactrum和Phyllobacterium等特殊a-根瘤菌的研究总结,介绍了根瘤菌生物多样性研究的新进展。同时,简述了根瘤菌共生基因的进化研究,并对该研究领域存在的问题进行了分析,对未来相关研究方向做了展望。     

A combined approach for improving alkaline acetyl xylan esterase production in Pichia pastoris, and effects of glycosylation on enzyme secretion, activity and stability

High level expression of axe1, a gene previously cloned from Volvariella volvacea that encodes an acetyl xylan esterase with two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, has been achieved in Pichia pastoris using a codon-optimized axe1 synthesized by the primer extension PCR procedure. The GC content of the codon-optimized axe1 was 48.62% compared with 55.49% in the native gene. Using the codon-optimized construct, AXE1 expression in P. pastoris was increased from an undetectable level to 136.45U/ml six days after induction of yeast cultures grown in BMMY medium. A further increase (to 463U/ml) was achieved when conditions for yeast culture were optimized as follows: 2.8% methanol, 0.63% casamino acids, and pH 8.0. This latter value represented a 3.4-fold and 246-fold increase in the enzyme levels recorded in non-optimized P. pastoris cultures and in rice straw-grown cultures of V. volvacea, respectively. N-linked glycosylation played an essential role in AXE1 secretion but had only a slight effect on the catalytic activity and stability of the recombinant enzyme.     

不同覆盖方式对底泥内源营养盐释放的控制效果

通过底泥内源营养盐释放控制室内模拟试验,考察了塑料包被、斜发沸石、方解石、石英砂和硝酸钙5种覆盖材料对底泥氮磷释放效率的影响,系统分析了各自优劣程度,为实际环境中不同污染背景水体选择适宜的控制技术提供科学依据.结果表明: 不同覆盖材料对底泥总磷释放的控制效果依次为:塑料包被>硝酸钙>斜发沸石>方解石>石英砂;不同覆盖材料对底泥总氮释放的控制效果依次为:斜发沸石>塑料包被>方解石>石英砂>硝酸钙;不同覆盖材料对底泥硝态氮释放的控制效果依次为:塑料包被>斜发沸石>方解石>石英砂>硝酸钙;不同覆盖材料对底泥铵态氮释放的控制效果依次为:硝酸钙>石英砂>斜发沸石>方解石>塑料包被;温度和底泥内源营养盐释放有对应关系,水样中总磷、总氮和硝态氮浓度会随着温度上升而增加,而铵态氮浓度呈下降趋势.     

Construction of new stable strain over-expressing the glucose isomerase of the Streptomyces sp. SK strain

In order to over express the xylA gene of Streptomyces sp. SK strain, it was cloned under the control of the constitutive ermE-up promoter. This construct was integrated through site-specific recombination process into the chromosome of a Streptomyces violaceoniger glucose isomerase deficient strain using the non-replicative vector pTS55. The resulting CBS4 strain shows a perfect stability in the absence of selection pressure. Its glucose isomerase activity was about four and nine-fold greater, than that obtained from Streptomyces sp. SK, respectively fully induced or not by xylose.     

晶体或包膜氨基酸对鲤鱼的作用效果研究

对于鱼类能否有效利用外源晶体氨基酸,一直存在不同的看法,目前尚无定论。通常认为,鲑鳟鱼类可有效利用外源添加的晶体氨基酸,而对于我国广泛养殖的鲤科鱼类,如鲤、鲫、草鱼等,则存在不同的报道：张满隆等在鲤鱼饲料中添加晶体赖氨酸、晶体蛋氨酸、在鲫鱼饲料中添加晶体蛋氨酸的试验均表明添加晶体氨基酸可改善鱼类生长;而刘永坚等在草鱼饲料中添加晶体赖氨酸、Violas在鲤鱼饲料中添加晶体赖氨酸、涂永锋等在鲫鱼饲料中添加晶体异亮氨酸的试验却表明添加晶体氨基酸对鱼类无促生长作用。