全文获取类型
收费全文 | 15939篇 |
免费 | 1404篇 |
国内免费 | 1438篇 |
专业分类
18781篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 47篇 |
2023年 | 236篇 |
2022年 | 482篇 |
2021年 | 777篇 |
2020年 | 642篇 |
2019年 | 732篇 |
2018年 | 726篇 |
2017年 | 538篇 |
2016年 | 698篇 |
2015年 | 1049篇 |
2014年 | 1259篇 |
2013年 | 1276篇 |
2012年 | 1482篇 |
2011年 | 1324篇 |
2010年 | 896篇 |
2009年 | 733篇 |
2008年 | 793篇 |
2007年 | 712篇 |
2006年 | 693篇 |
2005年 | 563篇 |
2004年 | 495篇 |
2003年 | 517篇 |
2002年 | 401篇 |
2001年 | 243篇 |
2000年 | 211篇 |
1999年 | 205篇 |
1998年 | 140篇 |
1997年 | 114篇 |
1996年 | 116篇 |
1995年 | 110篇 |
1994年 | 99篇 |
1993年 | 58篇 |
1992年 | 82篇 |
1991年 | 64篇 |
1990年 | 60篇 |
1989年 | 44篇 |
1988年 | 28篇 |
1987年 | 25篇 |
1986年 | 34篇 |
1985年 | 26篇 |
1984年 | 13篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1962年 | 2篇 |
1950年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
模拟降水减少对中亚热带杉木人工林土壤甲烷吸收的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
森林土壤是大气中甲烷重要的汇,降水变化是影响森林土壤甲烷吸收速率(V_(CH_4))的重要因子。以中亚热带地区不同降水减少程度的杉木林土壤为研究对象,采用静态箱-气相色谱法来测定不同模拟降水减少处理样地的土壤甲烷吸收速率。结果表明:模拟降水减少后显著改变了土壤中的含水量,降水减少60%、降水减少20%和对照样地的年均土壤含水量分别为18.87%、23.89%和28.33%。杉木人工林土壤甲烷吸收速率在月变化上存在较大幅度的波动,其中土壤甲烷吸收速率在8月份达到一年中的最大值(对照75μg m~(-2) h~(-1)),2月份达到一年中的最小值(对照10.93μg m~(-2) h~(-1))。3种处理样地的土壤全年均为甲烷汇,与对照样地的甲烷年通量(2.48 kg hm~(-2) a~(-1))相比,降水减少60%和20%样地的甲烷年通量分别增加44%和19%。在对照样地中,土壤甲烷吸收速率与土壤含水量呈现负相关(P=0.001),与温度相关性不显著(P0.05);而模拟降水减少后,土壤甲烷吸收速率与土壤温度呈正相关关系(P=0.006和P=0.034),与土壤含水量相关性不显著(P0.05)。总之,模拟降水减少后不仅提高了杉木人工林土壤甲烷吸收的能力,同时也可能改变影响土壤甲烷吸收的环境因子;在模拟降水减少前土壤甲烷吸收速率与土壤水分相关性更为密切,而模拟降水减少后土壤甲烷吸收速率可能主要受土壤温度的影响。 相似文献
92.
Huang Guangping Wang Xiao Hu Yibo Wu Qi Nie Yonggang Dong Jiuhong Ding Yun Yan Li Wei Fuwen 《中国科学:生命科学英文版》2021,64(1):88-95
Gut microbiota plays a critical role in host physiology and health. The coevolution between the host and its gut microbes facilitates animal adaptation to its specific ecological niche. Multiple factors such as host diet and phylogeny modulate the structure and function of gut microbiota. However, the relative contribution of each factor in shaping the structure of gut microbiota remains unclear. The giant(Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and red(Ailurus styani) pandas belong to different families of order Carnivora. They have evolved as obligate bamboo-feeders and can be used as a model system for studying the gut microbiome convergent evolution. Here, we compare the structure and function of gut microbiota of the two pandas with their carnivorous relatives using 16S rRNA and metagenome sequencing. We found that both panda species share more similarities in their gut microbiota structure with each other than each species shares with its carnivorous relatives. This indicates that the specialized herbivorous diet rather than host phylogeny is the dominant driver of gut microbiome convergence within Arctoidea.Metagenomic analysis revealed that the symbiotic gut microbiota of both pandas possesses a high level of starch and sucrose metabolism and vitamin B12 biosynthesis. These findings suggest a diet-driven convergence of gut microbiomes and provide new insight into host-microbiota coevolution of these endangered species. 相似文献
93.
Yun Zhang Doudou Dong Xiaoting Xu Hui He Yuan Zhu Tingwen Lei Hailong Ou 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2022,298(6)
Oxidized high-density lipoprotein (oxHDL) reduces the ability of cells to mediate reverse cholesterol transport and also shows atherogenic properties. Palmitoylation of cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), an important receptor mediating lipoprotein uptake, is required for fatty acid endocytosis. However, the relationship between oxHDL and CD36 has not been described in mechanistic detail. Here, we demonstrate using acyl-biotin exchange analysis that oxHDL activates CD36 by increasing CD36 palmitoylation, which promotes efficient uptake in macrophages. This modification increased CD36 incorporation into plasma lipid rafts and activated downstream signaling mediators, such as Lyn, Fyn, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, which elicited enhanced oxHDL uptake and foam cell formation. Furthermore, blocking CD36 palmitoylation with the pharmacological inhibitor 2-bromopalmitate decreased cell surface translocation and lowered oxHDL uptake in oxHDL-treated macrophages. We verified these results by transfecting oxHDL-induced macrophages with vectors expressing wildtype or mutant CD36 (mCD36) in which the cytoplasmic palmitoylated cysteine residues were replaced. We show that cells containing mCD36 exhibited less palmitoylated CD36, disrupted plasma membrane trafficking, and reduced protein stability. Moreover, in ApoE−/−CD36−/− mice, lipid accumulation at the aortic root in mice receiving the mCD36 vector was decreased, suggesting that CD36 palmitoylation is responsible for lipid uptake in vivo. Finally, our data indicated that palmitoylation of CD36 was dependent on DHHC6 (Asp-His-His-Cys) acyltransferase and its cofactor selenoprotein K, which increased the CD36/caveolin-1 interaction and membrane targeting in cells exposed to oxHDL. Altogether, our study uncovers a causal link between oxHDL and CD36 palmitoylation and provides insight into foam cell formation and atherogenesis. 相似文献
94.
95.
Yao Zhou Diyin Li Jianhua Luo Aizhong Chen Xingxing Li Zhenrui Pan Li Wan Liuqing He Danyang Li Yanyan Li Min Dong Liang Tao 《Cell research》2021,31(8):935-938
Dear Editor,
Clostridium novyi(C.novyi)is a spore-forming anaerobic bacterium and opportunistic pathogen causing severe infectious diseases in humans and animal... 相似文献
96.
森林生态系统DOM的来源、特性及流动 总被引:18,自引:1,他引:17
可溶性有机物质(Dissolved Organic Matter)是森林生态系统主要的可移动碳库及重要的养分库。系统综述了森林生态系统DOM的来源,组成,性质,季节动态;DOM释放与存留机制及影响因素,森林生态系统DOM的流动及干扰对DOM动态影响等,已有研究表明DOM的森林生态系统C、N、P循环,成土作用,污染物迁移等方面起着重要作用。今后森林生态系统DOM的研究应集中于以几方面:(1)确定森林生态系统中DOM源和汇;(2)评价森林水文条件对DOM释放与存留的调节作用;(3)探讨全球气候变化对森林生态系统DOM的影响;(4)可溶性有机氮(Dissolved Organic Nitrogen),可溶性有机磷(Dissolved Organic Phosphorus)动态与可溶性有碳(Dissolved Organic Carbon)动态的差别。 相似文献
97.
中微量元素和有益元素对水稻生长和吸收镉的影响 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
采用盆栽试验,研究了中微量元素和有益元素对水稻生长和吸收镉的影响。结果表明,在所有测试的元素和施用方法中,硅酸钠叶面喷施显著增加稻谷产量,而碳酸钙、硼酸、硅酸钠土施和亚硒酸钠显著降低了稻谷产量。镁、锌、铁的盐酸盐形态对水稻籽粒的增产效果优于硫酸盐形态,而钙、铜的硫酸盐形态增产效果略高于盐酸盐形态。在钙、镁、硫三种中量元素中,钙增加了水稻籽粒中的Cd浓度和吸收量,而镁和硫则降低了籽粒中的Cd浓度和吸收量,以硫磺粉处理为最低。稻草中的Cd浓度和总量均以氯化镁处理为最高,硫磺粉处理最低。镁能有效抑制Cd从秸秆向籽粒的转移,其盐酸盐优于硫酸盐。在微量元素中,锌对水稻Cd的吸收抑制作用最为显著,其次是铜,而有益元素肥料硅酸钠叶面喷施则显著增加了稻谷中的Cd浓度和吸收量。硫酸亚铁、氯化锰、氯化铜、硼酸和硼砂处理都能有效地抑制Cd从秸秆向籽粒的转移,而硅酸钠叶面喷施和锌处理则促进了Cd的转移,表明硅酸钠抑制水稻吸收Cd的机制很可能发生在土壤中,而非在植株体内或地上部分。在Cd污染土壤上选用适宜的中微量和有益元素肥料及其施用方法,能有效降低水稻对镉的吸收和稻米中的Cd含量。 相似文献
98.
褐菖鲉肝CYP 1A作为生物标志物监测厦门海域石油污染状况 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以褐菖鲉为实验鱼类,以鱼肝微粒体CYP1A 生物标志物(EROD活性和CYP1A蛋白表达量)为指标,在厦门海域开展了两次野外监测实验,研究EROD活性和CYP1A蛋白表达量的变化,以及它们与海水和沉积物中石油类和重金属含量之间的相关性。结果表明,在现场属于一类海水的石油类浓度(0.0121-0.0242 mg/L)条件下,石油类就能够显著诱导褐菖鲉肝EROD活性和CYP1A蛋白表达量,鱼肝EROD活性和CYP1A蛋白表达量与海水中石油类含量均呈现极显著正相关,CYP1A蛋白表达量比EROD活性较为敏感和稳定。此外,在监测实验中,尚未发现这两种生物标志物受所监测海区的海水和沉积物重金属含量的影响。因此,利用褐菖鲉肝微粒体EROD活性和CYP1A蛋白表达量作为生物标志物监测海洋石油类及其PAHs污染是可行的,在海洋环境石油类污染监测及其生化效应评价中具有重要的应用价值。而且,把这两种生物标志物结合起来加以研究并推广应用将更有意义。 相似文献
99.
Hong-Guang Zhang Bin Wang Yong Yang Xuan Liu Junjie Wang Ning Xin Shifeng Li Ying Miao Qiuyu Wu Tingting Guo Yukang Yuan Yibo Zuo Xiangjie Chen Tengfei Ren Chunsheng Dong Jun Wang Hang Ruan Miao Sun Xingshun Xu Hui Zheng 《Cell research》2022,32(10):897
Depression is a serious public-health issue. Recent reports have suggested higher susceptibility to viral infections in depressive patients. However, how depression affects antiviral innate immune signaling remains unknown. Here, we revealed a reduction in expression of Abelson helper integration site 1 (AHI1) in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and macrophages from the patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), which leads to attenuated antiviral immune response. We found that depression-related arginine vasopressin (AVP) induces reduction of AHI1 in macrophages. Further studies demonstrated that AHI1 is a critical stabilizer of basal type-I-interferon (IFN-I) signaling. Mechanistically, AHI1 recruits OTUD1 to deubiquitinate and stabilize Tyk2, while AHI1 reduction downregulates Tyk2 and IFN-I signaling activity in macrophages from both MDD patients and depression model mice. Interestingly, we identified a clinical analgesic meptazinol that effectively stimulates AHI1 expression, thus enhancing IFN-I antiviral defense in depression model mice. Our study promotes the understanding of the signaling mechanisms of depression-mediated antiviral immune dysfunction, and reveals meptazinol as an enhancer of antiviral innate immunity in depressive patients.Subject terms: Innate immunity, Ubiquitylation, Cell signalling 相似文献
100.
Zhengquan Yang Chengliang Zhang Guojun Lian Shijie Dong Menghui Song Hengrong Shao Jingmei Wang Tao Zhong Zhenni Luo Shengnan Jin Chunming Ding 《Nucleic acids research》2022,50(13):7560
5′-Adenylated oligonucleotides (AppOligos) are widely used for single-stranded DNA/RNA ligation in next-generation sequencing (NGS) applications such as microRNA (miRNA) profiling. The ligation between an AppOligo adapter and target molecules (such as miRNA) no longer requires ATP, thereby minimizing potential self-ligations and simplifying library preparation procedures. AppOligos can be produced by chemical synthesis or enzymatic modification. However, adenylation via chemical synthesis is inefficient and expensive, while enzymatic modification requires pre-phosphorylated substrate and additional purification. Here we cloned and characterized the Pfu RNA ligase encoded by the PF0353 gene in the hyperthermophilic archaea Pyrococcus furiosus. We further engineered fusion enzymes containing both Pfu RNA ligase and T4 polynucleotide kinase. One fusion enzyme, 8H-AP, was thermostable and can directly catalyze 5′-OH-terminated DNA substrates to adenylated products. The newly discovered Pfu RNA ligase and the engineered fusion enzyme may be useful tools for applications using AppOligos. 相似文献