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991.
D C Wang S W Meinhardt U Sackmann H Weiss T Ohnishi 《European journal of biochemistry》1991,197(1):257-264
Two related forms of the respiratory-chain complex, NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase (Complex I) are synthesized in the mitochondria of Neurospora crassa. Normally growing cells make a large, piericidin-A-sensitive form, which consists of some 23 different nuclear- and 6-7 mitochondrially encoded subunits. Cells grown in the presence of chloramphenicol make a small, piericidin-A-insensitive form which consists of only approximately 13 nuclear-encoded subunits. The subunits of the small form are either identical or similar to nuclear-encoded subunits of the large form. The iron-sulfur clusters in these two forms of Complex I are characterized by redox potentiometry and EPR spectroscopy. The large form of Complex I contains four EPR-detectable iron-sulfur clusters, N1, N2, N3 and N4, with the spin concentration of the individual clusters equivalent to the flavin concentration, similar to the mammalian counterparts. The small Complex I contains clusters N1, N3 and N4, but it is devoid of cluster N2. A model of the electron-transfer route through the large form of Complex I has been derived from these findings and an evolutionary pathway which leads to the emergence of large Complex I is discussed. 相似文献
992.
Nine white-rot fungal strains were screened for biodecolourization of brilliant green, cresol red, crystal violet, congo red
and orange II. Dichomitus squalens, Phlebia fascicularia and P. floridensis decolourized all of the dyes on solid agar medium and possessed better decolourization ability than Phanerochaete chrysosporium when tested in nitrogen-limited broth medium. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2002) 28, 201–203 DOI: 10.1038/sj/jim/7000222
Received 12 July 2001/ Accepted in revised form 22 October 2001 相似文献
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996.
Spatio-temporal tumour model for analysis and mechanism of action of intracellular drug accumulation
We have developed a one-dimensional tumour simulator to describe the biodistribution of chemotherapeutic drugs to a tumoral
lesion and the tumour cell’s response to therapy. A three-compartment model is used for drug dynamics within the tumour. The
first compartment represents the extracellular space in which cells move, the second corresponds to the intracellular fluid
space (including cell membrane) which is in direct equilibrium with the extracellular space, and the third is a non-exchangeable
compartment that represents sequestered drug which is trapped in the nucleus to damage the cellular DNA, directly triggering
cell death. Analytical and numerical techniques (Finite Element Method) are used to describe the tumour’s response to therapy
and the effect of parameter variation on the drug concentration profiles in the three compartments. 相似文献
997.
Comparative analysis of vascular endothelial cell activation by TNF-α and LPS in humans and baboons 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
As an Old World nonhuman primate, baboons have been extensively used for research on dyslipidemia and atherogenesis. With
increasing knowledge about the endothelium's role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis, the value of the baboon
model can be increased by developing it for research on the role of dysfunctional endothelium in atherogenesis. Toward that
goal, we have established and validated methods of isolating and culturing baboon femoral artery endothelial cells (BFAECs)
and compared baboon endothelial cellular characteristics with those of humans. Our results indicated that baboon and human
endothelial cells share similar growth and culture behaviors. As was the case for human endothelial cells, BFAECs responded
to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α stimulation with increased expression of adhesion molecules (maximum increase for intracellular
adhesion molecule (ICAM): 1.76±0.26-fold; vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM): 1.65±0.25-fold; E-selectin: 2.86±0.57-fold).
However, BFAECs were hyporesponsive to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (range, 0.25–20 μg/mL) in adhesion molecule expression, whereas
1 μg/mL LPS induced 2.14- to 3.71-fold increases in human endothelial cells. The differential responses to LPS were not related
to TLR-2 and toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 expression on the cell surface. And baboon microvascular endothelial cells had similar
features as BFAECs. We observed constitutive expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating
factor (GM-CSF), and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 in both human and baboon endothelial cells, and these cytokines
were further induced by TNF-α and LPS. We also demonstrated that the responses to TNF-α or LPS varied among baboons maintained
under the same dietary and environmental conditions, suggesting that response may be controlled by genetic factors. 相似文献
998.
All human Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase alpha-subunit isoforms have a similar affinity for cardiac glycosides 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Wang J Velotta JB McDonough AA Farley RA 《American journal of physiology. Cell physiology》2001,281(4):C1336-C1343
Three-subunit isoforms of the sodium pump, which is the receptor forcardiac glycosides, are expressed in human heart. The aim of this studywas to determine whether these isoforms have distinct affinities forthe cardiac glycoside ouabain. Equilibrium ouabain binding to membranesfrom a panel of different human tissues and cell lines derived fromhuman tissues was compared by an F statistic to determinewhether a single population of binding sites or two populations ofsites with different affinities would better fit the data. For alltissues, the single-site model fit the data as well as the two-sitemodel. The mean equilibrium dissociation constant(Kd) for all samples calculated using thesingle-site model was 18 ± 6 nM (mean ± SD). No differencein Kd was found between nonfailing and failinghuman heart samples, although the maximum number of binding sites infailing heart was only ~50% of the number of sites in nonfailingheart. Measurement of association rate constants and dissociation rateconstants confirmed that the binding affinities of the different human-isoforms are similar to each other, although calculatedKd values were lower than those determined byequilibrium binding. These results indicate both that the affinity ofall human -subunit isoforms for ouabain is similar and that theincreased sensitivity of failing human heart to cardiac glycosides isprobably due to a reduction in the number of pumps in the heart ratherthan to a selective inhibition of a subset of pumps with differentaffinities for the drugs. 相似文献
999.
Endotoxin/lipopolysaccharide activates NF-kappa B and enhances tumor cell adhesion and invasion through a beta 1 integrin-dependent mechanism 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Wang JH Manning BJ Wu QD Blankson S Bouchier-Hayes D Redmond HP 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》2003,170(2):795-804
Beta(1) integrins play a crucial role in supporting tumor cell attachment to and invasion into the extracellular matrix. Endotoxin/LPS introduced by surgery has been shown to enhance tumor metastasis in a murine model. Here we show the direct effect of LPS on tumor cell adhesion and invasion in extracellular matrix proteins through a beta(1) integrin-dependent pathway. The human colorectal tumor cell lines SW480 and SW620 constitutively expressed high levels of the beta(1) subunit, whereas various low levels of alpha(1), alpha(2), alpha(4), and alpha(6) expression were detected. SW480 and SW620 did not express membrane-bound CD14; however, LPS in the presence of soluble CD14 (sCD14) significantly up-regulated beta(1) integrin expression; enhanced tumor cell attachment to fibronectin, collagen I, and laminin; and strongly promoted tumor cell invasion through the Matrigel. Anti-beta(1) blocking mAbs (4B4 and 6S6) abrogated LPS- plus sCD14-induced tumor cell adhesion and invasion. Furthermore, LPS, when combined with sCD14, resulted in NF-kappaB activation in both SW480 and SW620 cells. Inhibition of the NF-kappaB pathway significantly attenuated LPS-induced up-regulation of beta(1) integrin expression and prevented tumor cell adhesion and invasion. These results provide direct evidence that although SW480 and SW620 cells do not express membrane-bound CD14, LPS in the presence of sCD14 can activate NF-kappaB, up-regulate beta(1) integrin expression, and subsequently promote tumor cell adhesion and invasion. Moreover, LPS-induced tumor cell attachment to and invasion through extracellular matrix proteins is beta(1) subunit-dependent. 相似文献
1000.
Chao Tai Diego S. Voltan Deepak R. Keshwani George E. Meyer Pankaj S. Kuhar 《Bioprocess and biosystems engineering》2016,39(6):937-944
A fuzzy logic feedback control system was developed for process monitoring and feeding control in fed-batch enzymatic hydrolysis of a lignocellulosic biomass, dilute acid-pretreated corn stover. Digested glucose from hydrolysis reaction was assigned as input while doser feeding time and speed of pretreated biomass were responses from fuzzy logic control system. Membership functions for these three variables and rule-base were created based on batch hydrolysis data. The system response was first tested in LabVIEW environment then the performance was evaluated through real-time hydrolysis reaction. The feeding operations were determined timely by fuzzy logic control system and efficient responses were shown to plateau phases during hydrolysis. Feeding of proper amount of cellulose and maintaining solids content was well balanced. Fuzzy logic proved to be a robust and effective online feeding control tool for fed-batch enzymatic hydrolysis. 相似文献