银额果蝇的B染色体研究 2.昆明群体的生活力和B染色体的关系

本文分析了钮额果蝇的生活力和B染色体的关系。结果表明,银额果蝇的B染色体在其生长和发育过程中具双重性调节作用。一方面,B染色体以单一的形式存在于单雌系核型中,即1B或2Bs,可刺激生长、发育,增强生活力。另一方面,在单雌系的细胞中存在多条B染色体,并形成核型多态性,这似乎对生长和发育又有一定的抑制作用而减弱其生活力。     

白腹锦鸡,红腹锦鸡,中国雉鸡SC组型的比较研究

以微铺展—硝酸银染色技术制备三种鸡的SC标本,进行电镜观察。结果表明:三种鸡的SC组非常相似,即2n=82,ZZ/ZW型性别决定,雄性为ZZ。除1号SC和Z-SC为中着丝粒外,其余均为端着丝粒。Z-SC的相对长度有明显的细胞间差异;平均相对长度度介于第3和第4号SC之间。三者SC组型上的差异主要表现在相应SC长度上的不同。并对其亲缘关系及在鸟类进化中的可能地位进行了讨论。此外,在微铺展法制备的锦鸡精母细胞SC标本中还发现了巨大中心粒,这在高等动物尚属首次。     

Growth factors in breast cancer: mitogenesis to transformation.

While endocrine steroid hormones have been known for many years to regulate normal and malignant mammary epithelium, recent studies have led to an appreciation of polypeptide growth factors as locally-acting autocrine and paracrine effectors. In the current article we summarize what is known about growth factor regulation and action in the normal mammary gland and about perturbations of the steroid-growth factor interplay as cancer progresses. A major theme is that oncogenic activation modulates both regulation of production and function of growth factors in the mammary gland.     

一种目视激光显微镜

本文介绍一种目视激光显微镜。该装置采用白炽灯和激光做光源。通过调压器衬底亮度可以调整到零。由于激光的高亮度和强相干性,与普通显微镜相比,该显微镜具有景深长,分辨率高,层次丰富的特点。使用该显微镜时能实现镜象的假色彩编码,且镜象具有立体感。文中报导了该显微镜的原理和使用效果。     

Cultural characteristics and zearalenone production by strains of<Emphasis Type="Underline">Fusarium</Emphasis> from wheat

Conidia of the speciesFusarium culmorum /W.G.Sm./ Sacc. andFusarium graminearum Schwabe are characterized by variability in zearalenone production and dimensions depending on the substrate. The sporulation of isolates from some wheat eultivars have been deprived in vivo and in vitro in the first passage, but not their pathogenicity and toxic metabolites production. Nonsporulating strains produced lower quantités of zearalenone than sporulating ones. Liquid filtrates of such nonsporulating strains had a high phytotoxic effect on wheat caryopses. The crystalline toxin DAS /0,25 ug/ml/ had low phytotoxic effect on wheat caryopses.     

Cumulation of mycotoxins in maize cobs infected with<Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium gramihearum</Emphasis>

Maize cobs withFusarium ear rot were collected at 1986 season and five infected byFusarium graminearum were analyzed for presence of triohothecenes and zearalenone. Collected material was subsampled forFusarium damaged kernels and corresponding axial stems and healthy looking kernels. All investigated cobs contained deoxynivalenol (DON) (range 18.0–131.5 mg/kg) and zearalenone (ZEA) (range 0.38–2.17 mg/kg), in four cobs 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-AcDON) (range 5.2–6.2 mg/kg) was present and two cobs besides three all metabolites contained 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-AcD0N) (range 0.5–0.8 mg/kg).The average of individual toxins amount in axial stems: in mg/kg was equal to: DON — 110.36, ZEA — 4.57, 15-AcD0N — 16.66, and 3-AcD0N — 1.32.Fusarium damaged kernels contained in average the following amount (mg/kg) of: DON 77.00, ZEA 0.98, 15-AcD0N 3.78 and 3-AcD0N 0.06. Healthy looking kernels contained DON 1.96 mg/kg and ZEA 0.07 mg/kg only. Cooccurrence of 3-AcDON and 15-AcDON in two samples was an interesting finding. The amount of DON in total cob was highly correlated (r = 0.94) with percentage ofFusarium damaged kernels in given ear.     

肠道鞭毛虫群落及在宿主白蚁分类学上的意义

于国内五个常见白蚁种肠道内共记录到十七个鞭毛虫种。鞭毛虫种群具特异性和稳定性。群落相的变异度反映了宿主白蚁亲缘关系的离散度。异域同种白蚁肠道鞭毛虫群落显示稳定的同一相,同属异种白蚁的鞭毛虫群落部分相同;异科异属或同科异属白蚁的鞭毛虫群落绝然相异。 鉴于传统的生物分类法已明显地显示出其片面性及局限性,为此,人们正试图从其它学科领域,各个不同角度去探索能更客观反映各物种在系统发生上关系的新分类法。迄今,精确定性的生化分类、免疫分类和以群体力对象的定量的数量分类等已倪露头角,从而为以形态描述为主的经典生物分类学注入了新的活力。 本文试图通过对白蚁肠道鞭毛虫群落及种群的研究而借以探讨其在宿主白蚁系统分类研究中的潜在意义。     

~(60)CO-γ射线诱发的德国蜚蠊精母细胞中心体畸变

德国蜚蠊经不同剂量的~(60)Co-γ射线照射,以光镜和电镜观察精母细胞巨大中心体结构和数目的变化,发现:γ射线可诱发各种类型中心体畸变,如棒状、断裂、不分离、超数和微小中心体等;畸变率随剂量增加而升高;畸变类型和辐射剂量有密切关系,低剂量(500—1000r)诱发较多的棒状中心体和中心体断裂、中等剂量(2000r)诱发较多的超数中心体和中心体不分离、高剂量(5000r)诱发较多的微小中心体,看来低剂量γ射线主要影响中心体结构,高剂量则对中心体的生长发育有明显的阻滞作用。本文还讨论了中心体畸变的可能产生机制及在遗传毒理研究中应用的前景。