千烟洲人工林水汽通量特征及其与环境因子的关系

利用涡度相关技术研究了2004年千烟洲人工针叶林生态系统的水汽通量变化特征,结合气象要素的观测,进一步分析了净辐射、温度、水分、热量等环境因子对水汽通量的影响。结果表明:全年各月各时刻的水汽通量大多为正值,夏季大于春秋两季,冬季最小。其中7月份为全年最高,日最大值达到0·149gm-2·s-1;1月份最低,日最高值仅为0·021gm-2·s-1。不同天气条件下(晴天和多云)水汽通量的日变化有明显区别。全年蒸散量为736·1mm,占总降水量(1323·6mm)的55·6%。除7月份和10月份外,各月的蒸散量都要小于降水,尤以3、4月份差别最大,2004年10月出现典型的秋旱,但蒸散量和常年相差不大。水汽通量对净辐射、气温、地温、以及土壤热通量的变化都有很好的响应,两种天气条件下都能达到显著水平,可以用一元二次方程表达其间的关系。逐步回归分析显示晴天和多云时入选的变量不完全相同,晴天主要是净辐射、温度(气温、地温)、水分(饱和水汽压差),多云时包括净辐射、地温、土壤热通量和水分(空气相对湿度、土壤含水量)。可见气象条件在很大程度上制约着水汽通量的变化,而以辐射和地温的影响最大。     

Superior neovascularization and muscle regeneration in ischemic skeletal muscles following VEGF gene transfer by rAAV1 pseudotyped vectors

Recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (rAAV2) vector has been widely employed for gene therapy. Recent progress suggests that the new serotypes of AAV showed a better performance than did AAV2 in normal tissues. Here, we evaluate the potential role of human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene transfer using rAAV vector pseudotyped with serotype 1 capsid proteins (rAAV1) in the treatment of muscle ischemia. In ischemic skeletal muscles, the rAAV1-LacZ vector allowed higher level, broader distribution, and long-lasting gene expression compared with the rAAV2-LacZ vector. Muscle VEGF165 production following the rAAV1-VEGF165 vector injection was 5-10 times higher than that following the rAAV2-VEGF165 vector injection. VEGF165 production mediated by the rAAV1-VEGF165 vector stimulated a large set of neovascularization with relatively mature vascular structures and enhanced muscle regeneration in the ischemic skeletal muscles. Thus, the rAAV1-VEGF165 vector mediated gene transfer may be a therapeutic approach to peripheral vascular diseases.     

Molecular characterization of avian-like H1N1 swine influenza a viruses isolated in Eastern China, 2011

Currently, three predominant subtypes of influenza virus are prevalent in pig populations worldwide: H1N1, H3N2, and H1N2. European avian-like H1N1 viruses, which were initially detected in European pig populations in 1979, have been circulating in pigs in eastern China since 2007. In this study, six influenza A viruses were isolated from 60 swine lung samples collected from January to April 2011 in eastern China. Based on whole genome sequencing, molecular characteristics of two isolates were determined. Phylogenetic analysis showed the eight genes of the two isolates were closely related to those of the avian-like H1N1 viruses circulating in pig populations, especially similar to those found in China. Four potential glycosylation sites were observed at positions 13, 26, 198, 277 in the HA1 proteins of the two isolates. Due to the presence of a stop codon at codon 12, the isolates contained truncated PB1-F2 proteins. In this study, the isolates contained 591Q, 627E and 701N in the polymerase subunit PB2, which had been shown to be determinants of virulence and host adaptation. The isolates also had a D rather than E at position 92 of the NS1, a marker of mammalian adaptation. Both isolates contained the GPKV motif at the PDZ ligand domain of the 3′ end of the NS1, a characteristic marker of the European avian-like swine viruses since about 1999, which is distinct from those of avian, human and classical swine viruses. The M2 proteins of the isolates have the mutation (S31N), a characteristic marker of the European avian-like swine viruses since about 1987, which may confer resistance to amantadine and rimantadine antivirals. Our findings further emphasize the importance of surveillance on the genetic diversity of influenza A viruses in pigs, and raise more concerns about the occurrence of cross-species transmission events.     

笼养雌性果子狸同性数量对发情状态的影响及繁殖季节尿液雌激素浓度的变化

本研究试图揭示 (1)社会环境影响雌性果子狸 (Pagumalarvata)的交配日期 ,(2 )哺乳期母兽有雌二醇浓度升高的现象。通过检查是否排出交配栓并结合交配行为的发生与否确定开始交配的日期 ,使用放射免疫方法测定尿中雌二醇浓度。结果表明 (1)一雄两雌组中优势雌兽开始交配的日期显著早于劣势雌兽和单雌组雌兽 ,劣势雌兽和单雌组雌兽之间无差异 ;交配期优势雌兽尿液中雌二醇浓度明显高于劣势雌兽 ,而与单雌组中的雌兽无差异 ,但单雌组中雌兽尿液中雌二醇的浓度明显高于劣势雌兽雌二醇的浓度 ;(2 ) 5头母兽产后第二天雌二醇浓度开始上升 ,在第 5天时达到高峰 ,其中 4头母兽的雌二醇浓度共出现了两个峰值 ,其间隔为 16 75± 4 4 6 (4)天。上述结果说明 :(1)社会影响仅对优势雌性个体的繁殖有促进作用 ;(2 )哺乳期雌二醇水平的升高是季节性多次发情的基础。     

Temporal changes of soil physic‐chemical properties at different soil depths during larch afforestation by multivariate analysis of covariance

Soil physic-chemical properties differ at different depths; however, differences in afforestation-induced temporal changes at different soil depths are seldom reported. By examining 19 parameters, the temporal changes and their interactions with soil depth in a large chronosequence dataset (159 plots; 636 profiles; 2544 samples) of larch plantations were checked by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). No linear temporal changes were found in 9 parameters (N, K, N:P, available forms of N, P, K and ratios of N: available N, P: available P and K: available K), while marked linear changes were found in the rest 10 parameters. Four of them showed divergent temporal changes between surface and deep soils. At surface soils, changing rates were 262.1 g·kg⁻¹·year⁻¹ for SOM, 438.9 mg·g⁻¹·year⁻¹ for C:P, 5.3 mg·g⁻¹·year⁻¹ for C:K, and −3.23 mg·cm⁻³·year⁻¹ for bulk density, while contrary tendencies were found in deeper soils. These divergences resulted in much moderated or no changes in the overall 80-cm soil profile. The other six parameters showed significant temporal changes for overall 0–80-cm soil profile (P: −4.10 mg·kg⁻¹·year⁻¹; pH: −0.0061 unit·year⁻¹; C:N: 167.1 mg·g⁻¹·year⁻¹; K:P: 371.5 mg·g⁻¹ year⁻¹; N:K: −0.242 mg·g⁻¹·year⁻¹; EC: 0.169 μS·cm⁻¹·year⁻¹), but without significant differences at different soil depths (P > 0.05). Our findings highlight the importance of deep soils in studying physic-chemical changes of soil properties, and the temporal changes occurred in both surface and deep soils should be fully considered for forest management and soil nutrient balance.     

水稻条纹病毒RNA4基因间隔区的分子变异

应用反转录－聚合酶链式反应（RT－PCR）和单链构象多态性（single-strand conformation polymorphism,SSCP)技术快速检测我国水稻条纹病毒（RSV）RNA4基因间隔区（intergenic region,IR)的分子变异,结果表明,我国RSV RNA4 IR存在分子变异。供试的7个分离物共有4种泳动带型,其中YL、BS、JD、LY分离物完全一致,而YL、BS、YL及JD4个分离物序列完全一致;JN、PJ、SQ3个分离各不一样,序列之间的同源性均在92％－94％之间.IR序列内部具有两个重要的结构特征：（1）有两处反向重复序列,可形成两个明显的发夹结构,其中一个序列比较保守,形成的发夹结构稳定;但中一个发夹结构由于碱基变异导致其稳定性在各个分离物中差异较大;（2）具有插入序列,相对于日本M分离物,我国7个分离物都有一段长19bp的插入序列,这段插入序列比较保守,各分离物之间仅有1－2个碱基的差异。     

川硬皮肿腿蜂的胚胎发育

在 2 6℃恒温和 70 %相对湿度条件下 ,川硬皮肿腿蜂胚胎发育全历期为 60～ 70h。卵黄少 ,原足期 (protopod)孵化。根据其胚胎形态变化特征可分 4个发育阶段 :早期发育阶段 ,卵产后 1～ 1 2h,包括卵割期、胚盘期和胚带期 ;胚胎伸长及器官发育阶段 ,卵后 1 2～ 5 0h,包括胚带分节、原头原躯分化、胚带再伸长、消化道和口器形成 ;胚胎背合阶段 ,卵产后 5 0～ 60h和胚胎成熟阶段 ,卵产后 60～ 70h。     

少数民族林区可持续发展实证分析

本文对少数民族林区研究范畴进行了界定,通过运用AHP分析法构建可持续发展指标体系,对少数民族林区可持续发展指数和能力进行了分析,提出了少数民族林区可持续发展过程中出现的主要问题和可能影响可持续发展的各种因素。     

糖脂修饰的脂肪酶在有机溶剂中催化酯化反应

本文研究了不同糖脂化合物修饰的脂肪酶在有机溶剂中催化长碳链脂肪酸和脂肪醇的酯化反应,不同的脂肪酶经糖脂修饰后,催化活性均有不同程度的提高。在４种糖脂和６种脂肪酶中,以蔗糖酯ＳＥ－７修饰脂肪酶ＣＥＳ活性最高,本文还对ｐＨ、溶剂和温度等对修饰脂肪酶生的影响进行了研究。     

噬菌体治疗细菌性感染及其限制因素

近年来,细菌耐药性已成为抗感染领域面临的严峻问题,临床对一些细菌性感染疾病束手无策。噬菌体疗法是一种通过噬菌体裂解细菌来治疗病原菌感染的治疗手段。噬菌体在抗菌领域表现出显著的优越性,成为目前治疗细菌性感染的研究热点。本文对近年来噬菌体治疗动物和人类病原菌感染、限制其临床应用的因素及解决措施进行综述。