白背飞虱对水稻抗虫品种N22的适应性研究

在室内连续用感虫品种TN1和抗虫品种N22单管饲养白背飞虱(Sogatella furcifera)种群,研究它对抗虫水稻品种的适应性及其体内保护酶的变化,结果表明,白背飞虱在感虫品种TN1和抗虫品种N22品种上饲养1至2代,其卵历期、若虫期和全世代历期均无明显差异,从感虫品种TN1转移到抗虫品种N22上饲养1代,白背飞虱的若虫存活率、雌成虫寿命、体重、蜜露量、产卵量和内禀增长率等均低于在抗虫品种上连续饲养2代,而后者又低于在感虫品种上饲养的指标,白背飞虱在抗虫品种上连续饲养2代后,体内保护酶中超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性逐渐接近于感虫品种上连续饲养的结果,说明白背飞虱从感虫品种转到抗虫品种在开始时并不适应,经过连续繁殖多代后白背飞虱逐渐适应,最后导致抗虫品种的抗性丧失。     

Teleconnection between the early immigration of brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens St?l) and ENSO indices: implication for its medium- and long-term forecast

Teleconnection between the early immigration of brown planthopper (BPH) and El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indices from January of two years previously to the current June was investigated to make long-term forecast. The teleconnection results were as follows: ENSO indices which were significantly correlated with the early immigration of BPH were primarily sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) in N3, N4 and N3.4 regions, accounting for 71.8% of the total. Significant ENSO indices from two years and one year before the immigration events had a proportion of about 84%, while those in the current year only accounted for 16.7%. There was significantly negative correlation between the early immigration of BPH and SSTA in each Nino region from two years before to the previous spring, whereas there was significantly positive correlation between these two factors during the period from the previous winter to the current spring. The significant correlation between the early immigration of BPH and SSTA in each Nino region in the last summer and autumn did not show any obvious tendencies. The relationship between the southern oscillation index (SOI) and the early immigration of BPH was opposite to that between the immigration and SSTA in each Nino region. The above mentioned significant ENSO indices were used as key factors to build forecasting models for the early immigration of BPH by step-wise multiple linear regression analysis. Finally, 12 integrated forecasting models were obtained, which could make predictions 3–27 months ahead and had a predictive accuracy of 88.9%.     

Enhancement of Astragalus polysaccharide on the immune responses in pigs inoculated with foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine

The effects of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on the immune response in pigs immunized with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) vaccine were investigated. Fifteen pigs were randomly divided into five groups. Four groups were vaccinated with a FMDV inactivated vaccine. Pigs in three experimental groups were administered varying doses of APS (APS1, 5 mg/kg; APS2, 10 mg/kg; APS3, 20 mg/kg). The influence of APS on the number of CD3⁺CD4⁻CD8⁺ cytotoxic T cells, CD3⁺CD4⁺CD8⁺ T helper memory cells, and CD3⁻CD4⁻CD8⁺ natural killer cells among peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in the three APS groups were significant compared to the vaccine group. In vitro stimulation of PBL by Con A and LPS in APS groups induced a stronger proliferative response at 2 and 6 weeks post-inoculation (PI). APS markedly increased the titer of FMDV-specific antibody in a dose-dependent manner, and up-regulated mRNA expression of IFN-γ and IL-6. APS could potentially be used as an immunomodulator for a FMDV vaccine and provide better protection against FMDV.     

Change in microbial communities in acetate- and glucose-fed microbial fuel cells in the presence of light

Power densities produced by microbial fuel cells (MFCs) in natural systems are changed by exposure to light through the enrichment of photosynthetic microorganisms. When MFCs with brush anodes were exposed to light (4000 lx), power densities increased by 8–10% for glucose-fed reactors, and 34% for acetate-fed reactors. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles based on the 16S rRNA gene showed that exposure to high light levels changed the microbial communities on the anodes. Based on 16S rRNA gene clone libraries of light-exposed systems the anode communities using glucose were also significantly different than those fed acetate. Dominant bacteria that are known exoelectrogens were identified in the anode biofilm, including a purple nonsulfur (PNS) photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, and a dissimilatory iron-reducing bacterium, Geobacter sulfurreducens. Pure culture tests confirmed that PNS photosynthetic bacteria increased power production when exposed to high light intensities (4000 lx). These results demonstrate that power production and community composition are affected by light conditions as well as electron donors in single-chamber air-cathode MFCs.     

Combinatorial signals of activin/nodal and bone morphogenic protein regulate the early lineage segregation of human embryonic stem cells

Cell fate commitment of pre-implantation blastocysts, to either the inner cell mass or trophoblast, is the first step in cell lineage segregation of the developing human embryo. However, the intercellular signals that control fate determination of these cells remain obscure. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) provide a unique model for studying human early embryonic development. We have previously shown that Activin/Nodal signaling contributes to maintaining pluripotency of hESCs, which are derivatives of the inner cell mass. Here we further demonstrate that the inhibition of Activin/Nodal signaling results in the loss of hESC pluripotency and trophoblast differentiation, similar to BMP4-induced trophoblast differentiation from hESCs. We also show that the trophoblast induction effect of BMP4 correlates with and depends on the inhibition of Activin/Nodal signaling. However, the activation of BMP signaling is still required for trophoblast differentiation when Activin/Nodal signaling is inhibited. These data reveal that the early lineage segregation of hESCs is determined by the combinatorial signals of Activin/Nodal and BMP.     

蔷薇科植物S-RNase特异性区域分析

S-RNase在配子体型自交不亲和性反应中起关键作用,HV区段被认为是雌蕊与花粉间特异识别的关键部位。应用生物信息学方法,对蔷薇科植物的S-RNase序列分析,并对HV区段一级结构邻近区和空间邻近区作物理化学性质分析,发现HV区C端的一段氨基酸序列符合蛋白质相互作用位点的特征;HVP区也是一个多态性区段,可能参与分子识别过程。因此,蔷薇科植物中,S-RNase与花粉S基因产物的作用方式可能为S-RNase的HVC区与花粉S基因产物先非特异性结合,再以HV区和HVP区进行分子间特异识别。     

西藏中部退化土壤在不同培肥措施下的肥力特征

于西藏中部春播条件下就不同培肥方式对退化土壤物理、化学和生物性质的影响以及土壤肥力因子间的相互关系进行了研究。结果表明 ,化肥、有机肥 ,特别是有机 -无机肥配合施用在协调土壤环境 ,促进以细菌为主导的土壤微生物繁殖以及土壤有机质、土壤团粒结构形成和土壤养分转化等方面具有重要作用 ;退化土壤物理、化学和生物性质呈现出变化特征的相对一致性 ,并在总体上呈现出较为明显的恢复态势 ,突出地反映了高原高寒以及干旱、半干旱条件下退化土壤所具有的在相对较短的时间内实现肥力恢复及结构重建的可能性及其潜力。石灰性土壤条件下 ,耕层土壤有机质以及不同土层全氮、有效氮、全磷、有效磷的绝对增长量较大。同时 ,不同培肥方式对不同土层土壤真菌、固氮菌以及耕层土壤放线菌的繁殖普遍具有不同程度的抑制作用 ;不同土层土壤固氮菌与纤维素分解菌均呈负相关。     

Technical note phytoremediation of triazophos by Canna indica Linn. in a hydroponic system

The phytoremediation of triazophos (O, O-diethyl-O-(1-phenyl-1, 2, 4-triazole-3-base) sulfur phosphate, TAP) by Canna indica Linn. in a hydroponic system was studied. After 21 d of exposure, the removal kinetic constant (K) of TAP was 0.0229-0.0339 d(-1) and the removal percentage of TAP was 41-55% in the plant system and the K and removal percentage of TAP were about 0.002 d(-1) and 1%, respectively, in darkness and disinfected control. However, the K and removal percentage of TAP were 0.006 d(-1) and approximately 11%, respectively, in the treatment with eluate from the media of constructed wetland. The contribution of plant to the remediation of TAP was 74% and C. indica played the most important role in the hydroponic system. Under the stress of TAP and without inorganic phosphorus nutrient, the activity of phosphatase in the plant system increased and phytodegradation was observed. The production and release of phosphatase is seen as the key mechanism for C. indica to degrade TAP. C. indica, which showed the potential of phytoremediation of TAP, and is commonly used in constructed wetland, so the technique of phytoremediation of TAP from contaminated water can be developed with the combination of constructed wetland.     

湖北单子叶植物新记录

于2011~2013年对湖北神农架国家级自然保护区进行了第四次全国中药资源普查,发现若干湖北植物新记录。该研究报道了湖北单子叶植物2个新记录属——顶冰花属(Gagea Salisbury)和筒距兰属(Tipularia Nuttall),8个新记录种分别为:少花顶冰花[Gagea pauciflora(Turczaninow ex Trautvetter)Ledebour]、凤凰蜘蛛抱蛋(Aspidistra fenghuangensis K.Y.Lang)、卷瓣重楼(Paris undulata H.LiV.G.Soukup)、筒距兰(Tipularia szechuanica Schlechter)、大黄花虾脊兰(Calanthe sieboldii Decaisne ex Regel)、小杜若[Pollia miranda(H.Léveillé)H.Hara]、长耳南星(Arisaema auriculatum Buchet)、大针薹草(Carex uda Maximowicz)。包含3种国家二级保护植物——卷瓣重楼、筒距兰、大黄花虾脊兰。IUCN将筒距兰列为易危级别,卷瓣重楼和大黄花虾脊兰被列为极危级别,其中大黄花虾脊兰还是我国极小种群野生植物资源。该文对这些物种分布新区域的报道,扩大了这些植物的分布范围,也丰富和加深了对湖北植物多样性的认识与了解。