紫外指纹图谱结合化学计量学对黄精基原植物的鉴别

运用紫外光谱技术结合化学计量学,建立快速鉴别不同基原黄精的方法。通过单因素实验确定黄精最佳提取溶剂、时间和用量,制备测试液,采用紫外光谱技术建立3种基原黄精的紫外指纹图谱,光谱数据转化后进行主成分(PCA)和系统聚类分析(HCA)。该方法重现性、精密度、稳定性较好,结果表明不同种类黄精紫外指纹图谱具有指纹特性,3种基原植物黄精紫外光谱图在210 nm、220 nm、280 nm附近差异明显;聚类分析和主成分分析三维投影图反映出不同种类黄精的化学成分积累具有差异,能较好地区分滇黄精(Polygonatumkingianum)、黄精(P.sibiricum)与多花黄精(P.cyrtonema)。紫外光谱结合化学计量学能快速鉴别不同种类黄精,可作为黄精的鉴别和质量控制新方法,为黄精临床应用、资源开发及黄精属植物分类提供辅助方法。     

干旱胁迫对银杏叶片光合系统Ⅱ荧光特性的影响

为了探讨银杏叶片在长期干旱胁迫下光合性能的变化,采用盆栽控水法对银杏幼苗进行干旱处理,并分别在处理后第0、20、30、40、50天,对荧光动力学曲线和荧光参数进行了测定和JIP-test分析.结果表明:随着干旱的加剧,叶片叶绿素含量逐渐递减.由于干旱导致银杏叶片的光合系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)结构破坏和稳固性减弱,其荧光动力学曲线出现了K相和L相的升高,在干旱处理40 d后升高加剧.PSⅡ结构的变化导致了一系列荧光参数的变化,初始荧光F0逐渐升高,最大荧光Fm逐渐降低;代表单位反应中心活性的参数ABS/RC、ET0/RC、TR0/RC逐渐升高;单位面积捕获的光能TR0/CS0高于对照,单位面积用于电子传递的光能ET0/ CS0后期下降;表示受体侧电子传递活性的参数Sm、Ψ0、(φ)E0逐渐下降,M0、VJ、VI逐渐升高;表示热耗散的参数DI0/RC、DI0/CS0随干旱时间延长而急剧升高;活性反应中心数目RC/CS0减少;代表PSⅡ光合效率的参数Fv/Fm、PIabs逐渐下降;代表PSⅡ供体侧活性的参数Wk随干旱时间延长而逐渐升高,OEC逐渐减少.干旱胁迫导致银杏叶片PSⅡ反应中心失活,能流分配失衡,电子传递受阻,PSⅡ放氧复合体失活和PSⅡ稳固性减弱,从而破坏PSⅡ光合功能.而反应中心失活和受体侧电子QA-的累积是造成PSⅡ电子传递活性减弱的主要原因.干旱条件下,银杏PSⅡ的PIabs比Fv/Fm对干旱的反应更灵敏,可作为银杏叶片受到伤害的指标.     

Quantitative effects of common genetic variations in the 3′UTR of the human LDL-receptor gene and their associations with plasma lipid levels in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study

The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) plays a pivotal role in cholesterol homeostasis. However, the role of genetic variations in the 3′UTR of the LDLR in relation to plasma cholesterol has been largely understudied. Six SNPs, G44243A, G44332A, C44506G, G44695A, C44857T and A44964G, within the 5′ region of the 3′UTR fall into three common haplotypes, GGCGCA, AGCACG, and GGCGTA, occurring at frequencies of 0.45, 0.31 and 0.17, respectively, in Caucasians (n = 29) and 0.13, 0.13 and 0.38, respectively, in African Americans (n = 32), with three other haplotypes occurring at lesser frequencies. In a tissue culture based system, expression of a reporter gene carrying a 3′UTR that includes the 1 kb nucleotide sequences corresponding to the AGCACG or GGCGTA was 70 or 63%, respectively, of the same sequence with GGCGCA. Genotyping of two “haplotype tagging” SNPs, C44857T and A44964G, in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study population showed that in Caucasians, but not in African Americans, the inferred TA haplotype had a significant LDL-cholesterol lowering effect. The adjusted LDL-cholesterol levels in the TA/TA diplotypes were lower by 6.10 mg/dl in men (P < 0.001) and by 4.63 mg/dl in women (P < 0.01) than in individuals with other diplotypes. Caucasian men homozygous for CA, in contrast, showed significantly higher LDL-cholesterol (P < 0.04), lower HDL-cholesterol (P < 0.02) and higher LDL/HDL ratios (P < 0.001). Thus our data shows that 3′UTR sequences that cause higher reporter gene expression in vitro are associated in Caucasians with plasma lipid profiles indicative of higher cardiovascular risk, suggesting that further studies of quantitative variants in the LDLR gene will be valuable. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. An erratum to this article can be found at     

岷江干旱河谷小马鞍羊蹄甲根围丛枝菌根真菌群落的研究

丛枝菌根真菌（arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF）在促进植物生长及土壤改良等方面的积极作用使其在退化生态系统的植被重建过程中发挥着关键作用。本研究采用建立克隆文库及测序的分子方法对四川省岷江干旱河谷乡土优势灌木小马鞍羊蹄甲Bauhinia faberi var. microphylla根围AMF的群落组成进行了探讨,以期为该地区乡土植被的保存与恢复提供理论依据。本研究中共检测到53个AMF类群（OTUs）,通过系统发育分析,将其划分为球囊菌门Glomeromycota的7科10属。Glomus、Diversispora与Funneliformis 3个属为小马鞍羊蹄甲根围土壤中的优势属,其中Glomus具有最高多度,其序列数及OTUs数均占总数的50%以上;Rhizophagus与Archaeospora为稀有属,其余各属为常见属。本研究表明,自然条件下研究区优势灌木小马鞍羊蹄甲根围具有相对丰富的AMF类群,同时也反映了AMF在干旱河谷区可能发挥着重要的生态功能。     

电针诱导心肌缺血大鼠延髓头端腹外侧区nNOS和iNOS差异表达

许多研究表明,延髓头端腹外侧区(rostral ventrolateml medulla,RVLM)的NO/NOS系统参与心血管活动的中枢调节.本实验以结扎Wistar大鼠左冠状动脉前降支法建立急性心肌缺血(acute myocardial ischemia,AMI)动物模型,观察针刺"内关"穴改善AMI大鼠的心功能作用,同时检测大鼠RVLM区神经元型一氧化氮合酶(neuronal nitric oxide synthase,nNOS)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS)表达的变化,进而探讨针刺治疗AMI的中枢机制.实验观察显示,AMI大鼠心功能各项指标减弱,伴随外周血去甲肾上腺素(norepinephrine,NE)和脑钠肽(brain natriuretic peptide,BNP)水平显著升高,同时RVLM区nNOS阳性神经元数和nNOS mRNA表达升高,而iNOS水平则降低.针刺"内关"穴(Pe 6)(每天30 min,连续5天)改善心功能,降低AMI大鼠血清中NE和BNP的水平,同时升高iNOS并降低nNOS在RVLM的表达.以上结果提示,针刺治疗心肌缺血的同时可以调节iNOS/NO和nNOS/NO在RVLM的变化,这可能与针刺通过调节RVLM区的NO含量进而降低交感传出,从而改善AMI大鼠的心功能有关.     

Variation in the significant environmental factors affecting larval abundance of four major Chinese carp species: fish spawning response to the Three Gorges Dam

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Biodegradation of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) by a new Penicillium oxalicum strain DSYD05-1

In this study, fungi isolated from soil were screened for their ability to form clear zones on agar plates with emulsified poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). The most active strain, designated as DSYD05, was identified as Penicillium oxalicum on the basis of morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis. Mutant DSYD05-1, obtained by ultraviolet-light mutagenesis from strain DSYD05, was more effective in PCL degradation. In liquid cultures of the mutant strain with PCL emulsion, DSYD05-1 showed the highest PCL-degrading activity after 4?days of cultivation. The products of PCL degradation were analysed by mass spectrometry; the results indicated that 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid was produced and assimilated during cultivation. The degradation of PCL film by DSYD05-1 was observed by scanning electron microscopy, and was indicative of a three-stage degradation process. The degradation of amorphous parts of the film preceded that of the crystalline center and then the peripheral crystalline regions. In addition, DSYD05-1 showed a wide range of substrate specificity, with capability to degrade PCL, poly(β-hydroxybutyrate), and poly(butylene succinate), but not poly(lactic acid), indicating that the strain could have potential for application in the treatment or recycling of bio-plastic wastes.