Ac/Ds转座系统在水稻转化群体中的转座活性及转座子插入位点旁侧序列的分析

利用本实验室构建的转Ac(AcTPase)及Ds(Dissociation)的水稻(Oryza sativa L.)转化群体,配置了Ac×Ds的杂交组合354个.检测了转基因植株的T-DNA插入位点右侧旁邻序列,研究了Ac/Ds转座系统在水稻转化群体中的转座活性.结果表明,有些转化植株T-DNA插入位点相同或相距很近,插入位点互不相同的占65.4%.检测到T-DNA可插入到编码蛋白的基因中.在Ac×Ds的F2代中,Ds因子的转座频率为22.7%.对Ac×Ds杂交子代中Ds因子旁侧序列的分析,进一步表明了Ds因子在水稻基因组中的转座活性,除了从原插入位点解离并转座到新的位点之外,还有复制--转座和不完全切离等现象.获得的旁侧序列中,有些序列与GenBank中的数据没有同源性,目前有2个DNA片段在GenBank登录.探讨了构建转座子水稻突变体库进行水稻功能基因组学研究的策略.     

18β-甘草次酸抑制微动脉平滑肌细胞外向电流

本文旨在观察18β-甘草次酸(18β-glycyrrhetinic acid,18βGA)对微动脉平滑肌细胞膜电流的影响。分离出豚鼠小脑前下动脉(anterior inferior cerebellar artery,AICA)和肠系膜动脉(mesenteric artery,MA)后,用酶消化法制备单个血管平滑肌细胞(vascular smooth muscle cells,VSMCs),应用全细胞膜片钳技术记录平滑肌细胞外向电流的变化。结果显示:(1)1mmol/L4氨基吡啶(4-aminopyridine,4-AP)和1mmol/L tetraethylammonium(TEA)都可以部分抑制微动脉平滑肌细胞的外向电流。(2)18βGA电压和浓度依赖性地抑制微动脉平滑肌细胞外向电流。18βGA主要抑制0～+40mV电压区间的激活电流,其中对+40mV激活电流的抑制作用最强。10、30和100μmol/L18βGA对AICA平滑肌细胞外向电流(+40mV)的抑制率分别为(25.3±7.1)%、(43.1±10.4)%和(68.4±3.9)%,对MA平滑肌细胞外向电流(+40mV)的抑制率分别为(13.2±...     

亚麻遗传转化体系的建立及几丁质酶基因导入的研究

报道了亚麻遗传转化体系的建立和几丁质酶基因对亚麻遗传转化的研究。亚麻下胚轴切段培养在不同激素浓度的ＭＳ培养基上,诱导分化出不定芽。最佳的激素组合是ＭＳ＋ＢＡ１ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＩＡＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ,分化频率可达９７％。亚麻的下胚轴经带有几丁质 根癌农杆菌感染后,在含有１００ｍｇ／Ｌ卡那霉素的选择分化培养基上,１４￣２１ｄ就能产生抗生小芽,小芽进一步伸长后可在１００ｍｇ／Ｌ卡那霉素的ＭＳ选择生根培养基（ＭＳ     

Ginsenoside Re reduces insulin resistance through inhibition of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and nuclear factor-kappaB

Ginsenoside Re (Re), a compound derived from Panax ginseng, shows an antidiabetic effect. However, the molecular basis of its action remains unknown. We investigated insulin signaling and the antiinflammatory effect by Re in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in high-fat diet (HFD) rats to dissect its anti-hyperglycemic mechanism. Glucose uptake was measured in 3T3-L1 cells and glucose infusion rate determined by clamp in HFD rats. The insulin signaling cascade, including insulin receptor (IR) beta-subunit, IR substrate-1, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Akt and Akt substrate of 160 kDa, and glucose transporter-4 translocation are examined. Furthermore, c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK), MAPK, and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB signaling cascades were also assessed. The results show Re increases glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 cells and glucose infusion rate in HFD rats. The activation of insulin signaling by Re is initiated at IR substrate-1 and further passes on through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and downstream signaling cascades. Moreover, Re demonstrates an impressive suppression of JNK and NF-kappaB activation and inhibitor of NF-kappaBalpha degradation. In conclusion, Re reduces insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and HFD rats through inhibition of JNK and NF-kappaB activation.     

Invasion of Cryptococcus neoformans into human brain microvascular endothelial cells requires protein kinase C-alpha activation

Pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans has a predilection for the central nervous system causing devastating meningoencephalitis. Traversal of C. neoformans across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a crucial step in the pathogenesis of C. neoformans . Our previous studies have shown that the CPS1 gene is required for C. neoformans adherence to the surface protein CD44 of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC), which constitute the BBB. In this report, we demonstrated that C. neoformans invasion of HBMEC was blocked in the presence of G109203X, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, and by overexpression of a dominant-negative form of PKCα in HBMEC. During C. neoformans infection, phosphorylation of PKCα was induced and the PKC enzymatic activity was detected in the HBMEC membrane fraction. Our results suggested that the PKCα isoform might play a crucial role during C. neoformans invasion. Immunofluorescence microscopic images showed that induced phospho-PKCα colocalized with β-actin on the membrane of HBMEC. In addition, cytochalasin D (an F-filament-disrupting agent) inhibited fungus invasion into HBMEC in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, blockage of PKCα function attenuated actin filament activity during C. neoformans invasion. These results suggest a significant role of PKCα and downstream actin filament activity during the fungal invasion into HBMEC.     

Quantitative analysis of endangered Acanthopanax senticosus communities in Dongling Mountain of Beijing

Based on the survey of community plots, a quantitative analysis of endangered Acanthopanax senti-cosus communities in Dongling Mountain was performed with two way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN), detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The communities of A. senticosus were classified into 9 types by TWINSPAN and the results were validated by DCA. On the DCA graph, the first axis reflected the gradient of altitude and the second axis reflected the aspect and slope. Most of A. senticosus were distributed in the thick forests at a high altitude with little light. With the exception of being a dominant species of shrub layers in a few communities, A. senticosus has a relatively scarce distribution. In accordance with DCA, the results of CCA also show the trend that the distribution of A. senticosus communities varied along with the gradient change of environmental factors. Altitude and light are the main factors affecting A. senticosus growth.     

羟基化修饰对大鼠胶原热稳定性的影响研究

采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究羟脯氨酸(Hyp)含量对胶原热稳定性的影响。以不同周龄BN大鼠皮肤为原料制备了胶原,分析制备胶原中Hyp的含量;采用DSC测定不同Hyp含量胶原的临界变性温度及焓变;采用圆二色光谱(CD)检测提取胶原的二级结构。结果表明,提取胶原在41.3℃发生三螺旋解聚,CD光谱分析结果表明,当样品经临界变性温度处理后,部分三螺旋结构转化为无规则线圈结构。胶原变性过程中所需热量与羟脯氨酸含量呈正相关,实验建立了胶原热变性过程中焓变与Hyp含量的关系。该研究表明胶原中脯氨酸羟基化修饰是影响胶原热稳定性的关键因素。     

免疫毒素Luffin B-Ng76对人黑色素瘤细胞的体外抑制作用

用ＢｌｕｅＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅＣＬ－６Ｂ凝胶亲和层析法从丝瓜籽中分离纯化了单链致核糖体失活蛋白（ｒｉｂｏｓｏｍｅｉｎａｃ－ｔｉｖａｔｉｎｇｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ,ＲＩＰ）——ｌｕｆｉｎＢ。并将ｌｕｆｉｎＢ与抗人黑色素瘤细胞单抗Ｎｇ７６制成了免疫毒素,命名为ｌｕｆｉｎＢ－Ｎｇ７６,它对体外培养的黑色素瘤细胞Ｍ２１有很强的抑制作用,ＩＣ５０为２．５×１０－１１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,毒性比游离的ｌｕｆｉｎＢ提高４０００倍,而它对非靶的ＨｅＬａ细胞的毒性较Ｍ２１细胞低１２００倍。结果提示ｌｕｆｉｎＢ用于制备免疫毒素具有良好的应用前景。     

Tet1 and Tet2 regulate 5-hydroxymethylcytosine production and cell lineage specification in mouse embryonic stem cells

TET family enzymes convert 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in DNA. Here, we show that Tet1 and Tet2 are Oct4-regulated enzymes that together sustain 5hmC in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and are induced concomitantly with 5hmC during reprogramming of fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells. ESCs depleted of Tet1 by RNAi show diminished expression of the Nodal antagonist Lefty1 and display hyperactive Nodal signaling and skewed differentiation into the endoderm-mesoderm lineage in embryoid bodies in?vitro. In Fgf4- and heparin-supplemented culture conditions, Tet1-depleted ESCs activate the trophoblast stem cell lineage determinant Elf5 and can colonize the placenta in midgestation embryo chimeras. Consistent with these findings, Tet1-depleted ESCs?form aggressive hemorrhagic teratomas with increased endoderm, reduced neuroectoderm, and ectopic appearance of trophoblastic giant cells. Thus, 5hmC is an epigenetic modification associated with the pluripotent state, and Tet1 functions to regulate the lineage differentiation potential of ESCs.