甘蓝型油菜小核糖核蛋白BnSmD1编码区全长cDNA 的克隆与表达分析

通过筛选野生型油菜(Pet33-10)与无花瓣油菜(Apet33-10)反向消减文库(SSH)和运用RACE-PCR技术, 获得了甘蓝型油菜小核糖核蛋白BnSmD1的全长编码区 cDNA (GenBank登陆号DQ298446)。该基因长484 bp, 含有一个长354 bp的阅读框。BnSmD1在N端拥有两个高度保守的结构域(Sm-1和Sm-2), 羧基端则含有一个RG重复序列。Northern blot表达结果显示: BnSmD1在甘蓝型油菜的各个组织均有表达, 但是它在早期花蕾中的表达明显高于同期的叶和茎。通过对BnSmD1在Apet33-10无花瓣品系与野生型有花瓣品系Pet33-10中各组织的表达差异进行比较, 发现该基因在Apet33-10的早期花蕾中表达明显下降。因此, BnSmD1可能对植物的早期花发育起到了重要的作用, 并很有可能影响花瓣的形成。     

合成生物聚合物的重要微生物资源-鞘氨醇单胞菌

摘要：鞘氨醇单胞菌属的许多菌株能够合成结冷胶、沃仑胶、迪特胶等多种结构相似,物理性能多样的生物聚合物,统称为鞘氨醇胶。目前,结冷胶已经大规模的生产和应用,由于鞘氨醇单胞菌属的提出仅有十几年的历史,其他种类鞘氨醇胶的研究和开发才刚刚起步。本文综述了鞘氨醇单胞菌属分类研究的最新进展,以及鞘氨醇胶的结构、特性、生物合成途径、分子遗传学和基因工程的研究现状,并对今后的研究重点和方向进行了展望。     

Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning promotes angiogenesis in rat liver after partial hepatectomy

Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning (HBO-PC) increases the level of HIF-1alpha (hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha) and its target gene VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) which is involved in angiogenesis. Liver regeneration is an angiogenesis-dependent process. We hypothesized that HIF-1alpha and VEGF mediated the angiogenesis effect of HBO-PC on regenerating rat liver. Male Sprague Dawley rats received HBO-PC followed by 70% partial hepatectomy. Proliferation of hepatocytes and endothelial cells was evaluated by BrdU (bromodeoxyuridine) staining. Microvascular density was assessed by immunohistochemistry. mRNA expression of HIF-1alpha was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR and protein levels of HIF-1alpha and VEGF were assessed by western blot. HIF-1alpha DNA-binding activity was determined with an ELISA-based kit. HBO-PC increased the proliferation index of endothelial cells and microvascular density at 48 h after partial hepatectomy. The protein level and DNA-binding activity of HIF-1alpha and the protein level of VEGF were increased by HBO-PC before and after partial hepatectomy. Partial hepatectomy alone also increased proliferation index and the expressions of HIF-1alpha and VEGF. Our results indicated that the angiogenesis effect of HBO-PC on liver after partial hepatectomy could be achieved by increased HIF-1alpha activity and VEGF expression. However, the angiogenic effect of HBO-PC is moderate and HBO-PC failed to produce additional effect on the enhancement of HIF-1alpha and VEGF induced by partial hepatectomy alone.     

Direct electrochemistry of myoglobin based on ionic liquid-clay composite films

The direct electron transfer of myoglobin (Mb) was realized by immobilizing Mb onto ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoraborate, [bmim][BF(4)])-clay composite film modified glassy carbon electrode. A pair of well-defined redox peaks of Mb with a formal potential (E(o)') of -0.297 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) was observed in 0.1M phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.0). The ionic liquid-clay composite film showed good biocompatibility and an obvious promotion capability for the direct electron transfer between Mb and electrode. The electron transfer rate constant (k(s)) of Mb was calculated to be (3.58+/-0.12)s(-1). UV-vis spectrum suggested that Mb retained its native conformation in the ionic liquid-clay system. Basal plane spacing of clay obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that there was an intercalation-exfoliation-restacking process, in ionic liquid and clay during the drying process of the modification, and the ionic liquid played the key role for promotion of the direct electron transfer between Mb and the ionic liquid-clay composite film modified electrode. The biocatalytic activity of Mb in the composite film was exemplified by the reduction of hydrogen peroxide. Under the optimal conditions, the reduction peak currents of Mb increased linearly with the concentration of H(2)O(2) in the range of 3.90 x 10(-6) to 2.59 x 10(-4)M, with a detection limit of 7.33 x 10(-7)M. The kinetic parameter I(max) and the apparent Michaelis constant (K(m)) for the electrocatalytic reactions were 3.87 x 10(-8)A and 17.6 microM, respectively. The proposed method would be valuable for the construction of a new third-generation H(2)O(2) sensor.     

Revisiting the phylogeny of Wolbachia in Collembola

The endosymbiont Wolbachia has been detected in a few parthenogenetic collembolans sampled in Europe and America, including three species of Poduromorpha, two species of Entomobryomorpha, and two species of Neelipleona. Based on 16S rRNA and ftsZ gene sequences, most of the Wolbachia infecting parthenogenetic collembolans were characterized as members of supergroup E and showed concordant phylogeny with their hosts. However, the two neelipleonan symbionts form another unique group, indicating that Wolbachia has infected parthenogenetic collembolans multiple times. In this study, five parthenogenetic collembolan species were identified as hosts of Wolbachia, and four new Wolbachia strains were reported for four collembolan species sampled in China, respectively, including a neelipleonan strain from Megalothorax incertus (wMinc). Our results demonstrated that the Wolbachia multilocus sequence typing (MLST) system is superior to the 16S rRNA + ftsZ approach for phylogenetic analyses of collembolan Wolbachia. The MLST system assigned these Wolbachia of parthenogenetic collembolans to supergroup E as a unique clade, which included wMinc, supporting the monophyletic origin of Wolbachia in parthenogenetic collembolan species. Moreover, our data suggested supergroup E as one of the most divergent lineages in Wolbachia and revealed the discrepancy between the phylogenies of Wolbachia from parthenogenetic collembolans and their hosts, which may result from the high level of genetic divergence between collembolan Wolbachia, in association with the geographic differentiation of their hosts, or the possible horizontal transmission of Wolbachia between different collembolan species.     

Cytotoxic and Anti‐inflammatory Sesquiterpenes from Ainsliaea henryi

Three new sesquiterpenoids, 4α‐hydroxyeudesm‐11(13)‐en‐12‐yl 3‐methylbutanoate ( 1 ), diaspanolide E ( 2 ), and (13α)‐germacra‐1(10),4‐dien‐12,8α‐olid‐15‐oic acid ( 3 ), along with eight known sesquiterpenoids ( 4 – 11 ), were isolated from the aerial parts of Ainsliaea henryi. The chemical structures of compounds 1 – 3 were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis (1D‐, 2D‐NMR, MS and HR/MS). All isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide‐induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Compound 10 exhibited significantly inhibition against NO release with an IC₅₀ value of 6.54 ± 0.16 μm . Also, all isolated compounds were tested for cytotoxicity against three human tumor cell lines A549, MGC803, and HCT116, among which compound 5 significantly inhibited the proliferation of MGC803 cell lines with an IC₅₀ value of 2.2 ± 0.2 μm .     

北京松山落叶阔叶林生态系统水热通量对环境因子的响应

温带森林生态系统水热通量在多时间尺度上受各种生物物理因子的影响。该研究假设这些因子对水热通量的影响机制具有时间尺度分异性, 通过涡度相关法(EC)于2019年全年对北京松山典型天然落叶阔叶林生态系统蒸散发(ET)、显热通量(H)、潜热通量(LE)、土壤热通量(G)、饱和水汽压差(VPD)、空气温度(T_a)、光合有效辐射(PAR)、归一化植被指数(NDVI)及10 cm深度土壤水分(VWC)等要素进行原位连续监测, 使用小波分析的方法分析了日、季节尺度上生物与非生物因子对生态系统能量分配与水汽交换的调控机制。主要研究结果: 2019年松山天然落叶阔叶林生态系统年均波文比(β)为1.53。ET具有明显的季节变化特征, 从第100天开始逐渐增加, 7月达到峰值, 第300天下降到最低水平。ET最大日累计值为5.01 mm·d^-1, 年累计值为476.2 mm, 年降水量为503.3 mm。在日尺度上水热通量与VPD间滞后时间最短, 为3.36 h。在季节尺度上与PAR间滞后时间最短, 为8天。季节尺度上PAR通过VPD来对ET造成间接影响, 而对β造成直接影响。该研究发现不同时间尺度上水热通量与环境因子间的时滞关系, 为选择模型在不同时间尺度下北方温带落叶阔叶林生态系统过程的最佳输入参数提供科学支持。     

木聚糖酶分子结构与重要酶学性质关系的研究进展

木聚糖是一种多聚五碳糖 ,是植物细胞中主要的半纤维素成分。木聚糖酶是可将木聚糖降解成低聚木糖和木糖的水解酶 ,它在饲料、造纸、食品、能源工业和环境科学上有着广阔的应用前景。随着分子生物学、结构生物学的发展及蛋白质工程的应用 ,对木聚糖酶结构和功能的研究不断深入。这里重点阐述与酶的活性、热稳定性、作用pH、等电点、底物亲和性及催化效率等重要性质相关的分子结构研究进展 ,讨论了其进一步的研究发展方向。研究木聚糖酶结构与功能的关系 ,对进一步加深木聚糖酶作用机制的了解、指导木聚糖酶的分子改良有重要意义。     

鲍曼不动杆菌感染的呼吸机相关肺炎20例

目的 了解我院NICU内鲍曼氏不动杆菌感染呼吸机相关肺炎的情况,探讨有效预防和控制的该类感染的措施。方法 收集我院NICU内2006.1-2007.2之间发生呼吸相关肺炎病通过细菌培养确定为鲍曼氏不动杆菌感染的患儿的临床资料以及该菌的药敏试验结果进行分析。结果 鲍曼氏不动杆菌是呼吸机相关肺炎的主要致病菌之一,其流行情况复杂,并且出现了耐碳青酶烯类的菌株感染,可造成严重的不良后果。结论 预防该菌在NICU内导致感染需要引起临床工作者更多的重视,加强对其定植情况的监测是预防其感染和流行的重要措施,对该菌开展及分子流行病学的深入研究将有助于指导NICU内NI防治。