利用恒河婴猴模型对肠道病毒71型传播感染特征的生物学分析

本文在前期工作基础上,进一步对肠道病毒71型(EV71)从恒河婴猴的感染个体向其他未感染个体传播的可能性及相关生物学特性做了初步分析.通过喷雾形式经呼吸道感染1~2月龄恒河婴猴(A组);在观察临床症状同时,于感染后第7天,取该组动物粪便处理后,将上清液以喷雾形式经呼吸道感染新的婴猴个体(B组),随后对该次代感染个体进行...     

番茄潜叶蛾幼虫肠道可培养细菌结构组成及对大分子化合物的降解作用研究

番茄潜叶蛾Tuta absoluta是一种世界毁灭性番茄害虫。为明确其幼虫肠道可培养细菌的多样性及功能,本研究采用LB和NA两种培养基分别对番茄潜叶蛾幼虫肠道细菌组成进行了分离培养,根据细菌菌落形态和16S rDNA序列分析对细菌进行种属鉴定,采用比浊法测定了优势种的生长曲线,并采用透明圈法测定了肠道各可培养细菌对大分子化合物淀粉和纤维素的降解能力。结果表明,从番茄潜叶蛾3龄幼虫肠道中共分离到27株细菌,分属于3门10科17属24种,优势门、科、属、种分别是变形菌门Proteobacteria、欧文氏菌科Erwiniaceae、欧文氏菌属Erwinia、Erwinia iniecta,其相对多度分别达到90.68%、89.41%、89.41%和89.41%。优势种Erwinia iniecta在25℃,180 r/min的条件下培养无迟缓期,0~14 h为对数生长期,14~28 h为稳定期,28 h以后为衰亡期。Glutamicibacter属的L7和L9、考克氏菌属Kocuria的L14和短状杆菌属Brachybacterium的L20能同时降解淀粉和纤维素,考克氏菌属Kocuria的L15和L17只能降解淀粉,欧文氏菌属Erwinia的L、动性球菌属Planococcus的L11、微杆菌属Microbacterium的L18和Prolinoborus属的L22只能降解纤维素,其他菌株无淀粉和纤维素降解能力。综上所述,番茄潜叶蛾幼虫含有24种肠道可培养细菌,种类较为丰富,且部分细菌对淀粉和纤维素大分子化合物具有较强的降解作用,该结果将为番茄潜叶蛾肠道细菌多样性及其功能的深入研究提供依据,同时还为功能细菌的开发利用提供菌株。     

Draft Genome Sequence of Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. fusiforme ATCC 51190T

Fusobacterium nucleatum, one of the major causative bacteria of periodontitis, is classified into five subspecies (nucleatum, polymorphum, vincentii, animalis, and fusiforme) on the basis of the several phenotypic characteristics and DNA homology. This is the first report of the draft genome sequence of F. nucleatum subsp. fusiforme ATCC 51190(T).     

中亚热带不同母质发育森林土壤磷组分特征及其影响因素

本研究以福建三明砂岩和花岗岩发育的米槠林土壤和杉木林土壤为对象,分析土壤磷组分、铁铝氧化物、微生物生物量以及磷酸酶活性等指标,研究母质和森林类型对土壤磷组分的影响程度和机制.结果表明:母质和森林类型显著影响土壤不同磷组分含量.总体上,砂岩发育土壤全磷含量、活性无机/有机磷、中等活性无机/有机磷以及惰性磷含量均显著高于花...     

HRB2慢病毒表达质粒的构建核蛋白细胞内定位的研究

目的:构建重组HIV-1相关结合蛋白2(HIV-1 rev binding protein 2)基因的真核融合表达质粒plenti-OFP-HRB2,用慢病毒表达系统感染HEKTER细胞.对过表达GFP-HRB2基因的细胞在激光共聚焦显微镜下观察,研究HRB2蛋白在细胞中的分布规律.方法:Trizol法提取人睾丸组织总RNA进行RT-PCR,将纯化的扩增产物HRB2与克隆载体plp-GFP-Cl连接、转化感受态细菌E.coli XLblue.测序正确后将质粒plp-GFP-HRB2与真核表达质粒plenti-Cl分别进行双酶切,连接后转化.将构建正确的plenti-GFP-HRB2重组质粒、△8.91、pvsvg瞬时共转染293T细胞后,用荧光显微镜观察绿色荧光蛋白的表达.收集包装病毒后感染HEKTER细胞.细胞生长一周后,将细胞铺玻片上用激光共聚焦显微镜观察.结果:构建的plenti-GFP-HRB2真核表达质粒经PCR鉴定及测序均说明人源HRB2基因已与plenti-GFP载体正确重组.瞬时转染293T细胞后能观察到绿色荧光.稳定感染后的HEKTER细胞经激光共聚焦显微镜观察后发现,HRB2蛋白在核仁处富集,在细胞核的其它部位少量分布,在胞浆中几乎没有分布.结论:人源HRB2基因表达的相关蛋白具有一个KH结构域,属于KH结构域家族的成员.稳定表达GFP-HRB2融合蛋白的细胞系的成功构建,为深入研究HRB2的入核机制、HRB2蛋白的在细胞分裂、RNA剪切等生物活动中的作用奠定了重要的实验基础.     

西双版纳人工雨林群落结构及其林下降雨侵蚀力特征

通过与本地典型的橡胶林和季节雨林进行对比,研究了在橡胶林基础上抚育、恢复而来的人工雨林群落结构及林下降雨侵蚀力特征.通过16a的抚育管理,人工雨林Shannon-Wiener多样性指数达到3.652,接近当地季节雨林的一般情况.对6a的降雨侵蚀力计算发现,人工雨林7月林内降雨侵蚀力达962.2 MJ mm hm-2 h-1 a-1,对旷地降雨侵蚀力的削减量是橡胶林的2.08倍.人工雨林初步重现了类似热带自然雨林的群落结构和叶面积指数特征,能够有效对削减降雨侵蚀力,这有利于林内水土保持和进一步的植被恢复.因此,人工雨林的抚育、恢复模式是热带退化山地地区植被恢复与重建的一条较为可行的途径.     

Enhanced neurite outgrowth of rat neural cortical cells on surface-modified films of poly(lactic-<Emphasis Type="Italic">co</Emphasis>-glycolic acid)

Neural cortical cells, isolated from prenatal rat cerebra, were grown on surface-modified poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid, 65:35) (PLGA) films coated with poly-D-lysine (PDL) with either laminin (LN), fibronectin (FN) or collagen (CN). Immunocytochemistry showed that the isolated cells were highly immunopositive for both neurofilament and MAP-2 with well-organized neurites and somatodendritic localization. The presence of PDL with LN or FN on the PLGA films was essential for increased neural cell growth. Also, PLGA films coated with either PDL/LN or PDL/FN mixtures had higher neurite outgrowth and regular differentiation.Revisions requested 30 September 2004; Revisions received 10 November 2004     

Secretases as therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease

Accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) is widely accepted as the key instigator of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The proposed mechanism is that accumulation of Aβ results in inflammatory responses, oxidative damages, neurofibrillary tangles and, subsequently, neuronal/synaptic dysfunction and neuronal loss. Given the critical role of Aβ in the disease process, the proteases that produce this peptide are obvious targets. The goal would be to develop drugs that can inhibit the activity of these targets. Protease inhibitors have proved very effective for treating other disorders such as AIDS and hypertension. Mutations in APP (amyloid-β precursor protein), which flanks the Aβ sequence, cause early-onset familial AD, and evidence has pointed to the APP-to-Aβ conversion as a possible therapeutic target. Therapies aimed at modifying Aβ-related processes aim higher up the cascade and are therefore more likely to be able to alter the progression of the disease. However, it is not yet fully known whether the increases in Aβ levels are merely a result of earlier events that were already causing the disease.     

Intentionally introduced species: more easily invited than removed

Alien species are brought into countries world wide on a massive scale for agricultural production, ex situ conservation, landscape aesthetics, gardens, and ecosystem restoration. Unfortunately, some of these species have escaped and adversely impacted on regional as well as global biodiversity conservation and agricultural production. To reduce such risks, it is necessary to implement specific and effective measures. Since various government departments and institutions are involved in the management of alien species, it is difficult to prevent native and agroecosystems from being invaded by invited species. We propose the establishment of a supervision and inspection continuum over intentional species introduction, similar to that which exists in some countries over unintentional species introductions. Namely, a justification of the necessity to import, a risk assessment, assurances as to provision of an adequate containment facility assessment, and a damage-limitation protocol should that need to be invoked. These requirements should be satisfied before an alien species is knowingly imported, and the necessary follow-up supervision is important post- importation.     

Oxidative stress and NF-κB signaling are involved in LPS induced pulmonary dysplasia in chick embryos

Inflammation or dysbacteriosis-derived lipopolysaccharides (LPS) adversely influence the embryonic development of respiratory system. However, the precise pathological mechanisms still remain to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that LPS exposure caused lung maldevelopment in chick embryos, including higher embryo mortality, increased thickness of alveolar gas exchange zone, and accumulation of PAS⁺ immature pulmonary cells, accompanied with reduced expression of alveolar epithelial cell markers and lamellar body count. Upon LPS exposure, pulmonary cell proliferation was significantly altered and cell apoptosis was inhibited as well, indicating a delayed progress of pulmonary development. LPS treatment also resulted in reduced CAV-1 expression and up-regulation of Collagen I, suggesting increased lung fibrosis, which was verified by Masson staining. Moreover, LPS induced enhanced Nrf2 expression in E18 lungs, and the increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was confirmed in MLE-12 cells in vitro. Antioxidant vitamin C restored the LPS induced down-regulation of ABCA3, SP-C and GATA-6 in MLE-12 cells. Furthermore, LPS induced activation of NF-κB signaling in MLE-12 cells, and the LPS-induced decrease in SP-C expression was partially abrogated by blocking NF-κB signaling with Bay-11–7082. Bay-11–7082 also inhibited LPS-induced increases of ROS and Nrf2 expression. Taken together, we have demonstrated that oxidative stress and NF-κB signaling are involved in LPS induced disruption of pulmonary cell development in chick embryos.