簇毛麦基因组特异性PCR标记的建立和应用

以普通小麦中国春、簇毛麦、中国春－簇毛麦二体附加系和代换系为材料进行RAPD分析,筛选出一个簇毛麦基因组特异性RAPD片段OPFO2757,该片段分布于簇毛麦所有染色体上。在对OPFO2757进行克隆、测序的基础上,设计一对PCR引物,建立了簇毛麦基因组特异性PCR标记。用这对PCR引物对不同普通小麦品种、不同硬粒小麦品种、不同居群的簇毛麦、中国春－簇毛麦二体附加系、中国春－簇毛麦二体代换系、普通小麦－簇毛麦双二倍体、硬粒小麦－簇毛麦双二倍体等材料进行扩增,凡具有簇毛麦染色体的材料都能扩增出一条长为677bp的DNA片段,而不具簇毛麦染色体的材料包括大麦、黑麦、长穗偃麦草、中间偃麦草等不能扩增出该片段。所以,该特异性PCR标记可用于快速跟踪检测小麦背景中的簇毛麦染色体。     

Oxidative stress and NF-κB signaling are involved in LPS induced pulmonary dysplasia in chick embryos

Inflammation or dysbacteriosis-derived lipopolysaccharides (LPS) adversely influence the embryonic development of respiratory system. However, the precise pathological mechanisms still remain to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that LPS exposure caused lung maldevelopment in chick embryos, including higher embryo mortality, increased thickness of alveolar gas exchange zone, and accumulation of PAS⁺ immature pulmonary cells, accompanied with reduced expression of alveolar epithelial cell markers and lamellar body count. Upon LPS exposure, pulmonary cell proliferation was significantly altered and cell apoptosis was inhibited as well, indicating a delayed progress of pulmonary development. LPS treatment also resulted in reduced CAV-1 expression and up-regulation of Collagen I, suggesting increased lung fibrosis, which was verified by Masson staining. Moreover, LPS induced enhanced Nrf2 expression in E18 lungs, and the increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was confirmed in MLE-12 cells in vitro. Antioxidant vitamin C restored the LPS induced down-regulation of ABCA3, SP-C and GATA-6 in MLE-12 cells. Furthermore, LPS induced activation of NF-κB signaling in MLE-12 cells, and the LPS-induced decrease in SP-C expression was partially abrogated by blocking NF-κB signaling with Bay-11–7082. Bay-11–7082 also inhibited LPS-induced increases of ROS and Nrf2 expression. Taken together, we have demonstrated that oxidative stress and NF-κB signaling are involved in LPS induced disruption of pulmonary cell development in chick embryos.     

鼻部固定型孢子丝菌病1例

报道1例猫抓后引起的固定型孢子丝菌病.患者男,16岁,皮损表现为鼻翼部位的增生物,其上覆有脓痂.临床上易与细菌感染混淆,但根据患者的病史、临床表现、病理、真菌镜检及培养诊断为申克孢子丝菌引起的孢子丝菌病.患者在应用7个月的碘化钾结合特比萘芬软膏外用治疗后,皮损完全消失.     

Putative phosphorylation sites on WCA domain of HA2 is essential for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Helicoverpa armigera</Emphasis> single nucleopolyhedrovirus replication

Protein phosphorylation is one of the most common post-translational modification processes that play an essential role in regulating protein functionality.The Helicoverpa armigera single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPv) orf2-encoded nucleocapsid protein HA2 participates in orchestration of virus-induced actin polymerization through its WCA domain,in which phosphorylation status are supposed to be critical in respect to actin polymerization.In the present study,two putative phosphorylation sites (232Thr and 250Ser) and a highly conserved Serine (245Ser) on the WCA domain of HA2 were mutated,and their phenotypes were characterized by reintroducing the mutated HA2 into the HearNPV genome.Viral infectivity assays demonstrated that only the recombinant HearNPV bearing HA2 mutation at 245Ser can produce infectious virions,both 232Tbr and 250Ser mutations were lethal to the virus.However,actin polymerization assay demonstrated that all the three viruses bearing HA2 mutations were still capable of initiating actin polymerization in the host nucleus,which indicated the putative phosphorylation sites on HA2 may contribute to HearNPV replication through another unidentified pathway.     

神湾菠萝夏季果与秋季果香气成分差异性分析

以'神湾'菠萝夏季果和秋季果为材料,采用顶空固相微萃取法(HS-SPME),提取果实中的香气成分,并经气相色谱/质谱(GC-MS)联机分析.结果表明,夏季果中检测出5类共21种香气成分,分别为酯类、烯类、酸类、醇类和酮类,其中酯类11种,相对含量为92.03%,含量最高的为己酸甲酯(44.91%);烯类6种,相对含量为3.99%;酸类、醇类和酮类分别检测出2种、1种和1种,其相对含量分别为0.72%、0.37%和0.22%.在秋季果中仅检测出2类共8种香气成分,其中酯类7种,总相对含量为92.11%,含量最高的为己酸甲酯(68.36%);烯类物质1种,相对含量为7.89%.     

微生物絮凝剂在养殖废水处理中的应用

微生物絮凝剂作为一种新型的絮凝剂,因其安全、高效等特性,正逐渐成为目前水产养殖废水处理研究的热点。主要从微生物絮凝剂的概念、絮凝机理、特点、研究现状、应用实例等方面,分析了微生物絮凝剂作为水质改良剂在水产养殖中的应用前景,并就今后的研究趋势作了展望。     

Secretases as therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease

Accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) is widely accepted as the key instigator of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The proposed mechanism is that accumulation of Aβ results in inflammatory responses, oxidative damages, neurofibrillary tangles and, subsequently, neuronal/synaptic dysfunction and neuronal loss. Given the critical role of Aβ in the disease process, the proteases that produce this peptide are obvious targets. The goal would be to develop drugs that can inhibit the activity of these targets. Protease inhibitors have proved very effective for treating other disorders such as AIDS and hypertension. Mutations in APP (amyloid-β precursor protein), which flanks the Aβ sequence, cause early-onset familial AD, and evidence has pointed to the APP-to-Aβ conversion as a possible therapeutic target. Therapies aimed at modifying Aβ-related processes aim higher up the cascade and are therefore more likely to be able to alter the progression of the disease. However, it is not yet fully known whether the increases in Aβ levels are merely a result of earlier events that were already causing the disease.     

Intentionally introduced species: more easily invited than removed

Alien species are brought into countries world wide on a massive scale for agricultural production, ex situ conservation, landscape aesthetics, gardens, and ecosystem restoration. Unfortunately, some of these species have escaped and adversely impacted on regional as well as global biodiversity conservation and agricultural production. To reduce such risks, it is necessary to implement specific and effective measures. Since various government departments and institutions are involved in the management of alien species, it is difficult to prevent native and agroecosystems from being invaded by invited species. We propose the establishment of a supervision and inspection continuum over intentional species introduction, similar to that which exists in some countries over unintentional species introductions. Namely, a justification of the necessity to import, a risk assessment, assurances as to provision of an adequate containment facility assessment, and a damage-limitation protocol should that need to be invoked. These requirements should be satisfied before an alien species is knowingly imported, and the necessary follow-up supervision is important post- importation.     

菊花中一个新的多糖的研究

通过热水提取、离子交换层析和凝胶层析,从菊花(Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)中分离得到一个新的多糖.根据糖组成分析、甲基化分析、高碘酸氧化、部分酸水解和NMR谱图分析,确定其结构如下:[→4)-Galp-(1→4)-Galp-(1→4)-Galp-(1→4)-Galp-(1→6)-Galp-(1]→F3L2Araf-(1→5)-Araf-(1→4)-Glcp-(1→4)-Glcp1→6 F3[→4)-Galp-(1→4)-Galp-(1→4)-Galp-(1→4)-Ga6p-(1→6)-Galp-(1]→n     

不同植被类型对土壤水蚀的影响

不同植被类型对土壤水蚀的影响因子是计算土壤水蚀速率以及选择适当土地利用方式的基本参数.本文以土壤侵蚀模型中的植被因子(C因子)为指标,研究不同植被类型对土壤水蚀的影响.根据6个水土保持试验项目33个小区共195个小区年的资料,计算了剌槐、柠条、沙棘、沙棘-杨树,沙棘-油松、沙打旺、红豆草、苜蓿和草木樨等9种林草植被因子值.林地植被因子介于0.004到0.164之间,以刺槐林的C值最低.草地植被因子介于0.071到0.377之间,以第一年的草木樨C值为最高.定量对比说明林草植被的水土保持效益明显优于农作物.本项研究结果可以用于定量比较不同植被类型覆盖下的土壤流失速率,对于北方农牧交错带退耕还林还草政策的实施具有参考价值.