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51.
52.
Lee D. Thomas 《Behavioural processes》2009,81(2):264-269
Four pigeons responded under a progressive-delay procedure. In a signaled-delay condition, a chained variable interval (VI) 30-s progressive time (PT) 4-s schedule was arranged; in an unsignaled-delay condition, a tandem VI 30-s PT 4-s schedule was arranged. Two pigeons experienced a signaled-unsignaled-signaled sequence; whereas, two pigeons experienced an unsignaled-signaled-unsignaled sequence. Effects of saline and d-amphetamine were determined under each condition. At intermediate doses (1.0 and 1.78 m/kg) delay functions were shallower, area under the curve was increased, and, when possible, break points were increased compared to saline; these effects were not systematically related to signaling conditions. These effects on control by delay often were accompanied by decreased response rates at 0 s. These results suggest that stimulus conditions associated with the delay may not play a crucial role in effects of d-amphetamine and other stimulants on behavior controlled by reinforcement delay. 相似文献
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M G Lee 《Molecular and cellular biology》1996,16(3):1220-1230
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In the present study, non‐thermal dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma of induced structural changes of morin resulted in the isolation of one previously undescribed benzofuranone derivative, along with two known compounds. The chemical structures of these degradation products were elucidated by UV, NMR and FAB‐MS spectroscopic analyses. The isolated three compounds showed potent antioxidative activities in two different tests, with IC50 values in the range of 12.9–41.8 μm in the 2,2′‐azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS+) radical scavenging activity, 19.0–71.9 μm for hydroxyl radical scavenging activity test. Furthermore, the new methoxylated benzofuranone exhibited enhancement of inhibitory effects against pancreatic lipase with an IC50 value of 90.7±1.6 μm , when compared to the parent morin. These results suggested that the degradation products isolated from plasma exposed morin might be beneficial for prevention of obesity and related diseases. 相似文献
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Benjamin Dickerman James Metzger W. Theodore Lee 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2006,22(1):29-33
Summary Bacteria from recreational waters collected from two Lake Erie beaches in Dunkirk, New York were plated onto m Endo LES media.
The 16S rRNA gene was then amplified from coliform and non-coliform bacteria using the polymerase chain reaction. The PCR
products were characterized by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. A total of 8 RFLP groups were identified
from the analysis of 920 samples and selected PCR products from each group were sequenced. The DNA sequence analysis indicated
that more than half of the bacteria identified as coliforms on the m Endo plates belonged to the genus Aeromonas from the family Aeromonadaceae. Most of the remaining coliforms were from the Enterobacteriaceae. The data indicate that m Endo agar plates allow the growth of non-coliform bacteria, especially Aeromonas species. 相似文献
60.
Late Quaternary climate change,relict populations and present‐day refugia in the northern Atacama Desert: a case study from Quebrada La Higuera (18° S)
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