大黄蒽醌衍生物与环核苷酸磷酸二酯酶、钙调素相互作用的研究

大黄蒽醌衍生物是中药大黄的主要成份。该类衍生物与钙调素(calmo-dulin,CaM)依赖的磷酸二酯酶(PDE)的相互作用表明:它们可作用子钙调素。其中,大黄酸结合CaM并抑制CaM依赖的磷酸二酯酶(CaM-PDE);而大黄素、大黄酚和芦荟大黄素既刺激CaM-PDE的活力,又刺激PDE的基础活力,其作用机制尚待阐明;当有Ca~(2+)或无Ca~(2+)条件下测定时,大黄酸对PDE基础活力均无影响。表明:象其它的CaM拮抗剂一样,大黄酸能抑制钙调素依赖的PDE的活力。     

小鼠精母细胞联会复合体RNA组分的电镜研究

本文运用常规染色和Bernhard染色方法对切片标本中小鼠粗线期精母细胞联会复合体(SC)的超微结构和电镜细胞化学特点进行了研究。经常规染色后,可见SC由侧生组分(LE)、中央组分(CE)和L-C纤维组成;SC宽约210nm,LE宽约60nm,中央间隔区宽约90nm。在Bernhard染色标本中,SC的LE、CE和L-C纤维着色较深,说明其中含有RNA;SC各结构组分的宽度和形态特点与常规染色标本中的基本一致。本文讨论了SC中存在有RNA等问题。     

伊贝母体细胞无性系的建立及其胚状体的发生

本文报道了伊贝母体细胞无性系的建立及其胚状体的发生。已继代培养三年零六个月共30多代的鳞芽愈伤组织,目前仍有分化能力。通过愈伤组织形态细胞学的观察,发现伊贝母体细胞无性系形成小鳞茎的途径有二:一是由特化了的愈伤组织表皮细胞。经多次分裂发育成不定芽而形成小鳞茎;二是由愈伤组织表层或内层特化了的胚性细胞,经多次分裂发育成胚状体而形成小鳞茎。不定芽和胚状体的形态发生是有区别的。     

厌氧培养皿及厌氧培养管的临床应用——对传统的厌氧菌分离培养及鉴定方法的简化

利用我们研制的厌氧培养皿及管,共检验了39份牙髓炎及牙周炎标本,分离出厌氧菌59株,标本中厌氧菌分离的阳性率为100％。其中类杆菌28株,消化链球菌9株,消化球菌7株,韦荣氏球菌5株,真杆菌2株,梭形杆菌8株。在类杆菌中产黑素类杆菌21株,占类杆菌总数的75％。结果表明使用厌氧培养皿及管研究厌氧菌简便、有效、经济,适于基层单位应用。     

蚕豆根端细胞核中微核仁的研究

以蚕豆(Vicia faba)根端分生组织细胞为材料研究了微核仁的超微结构和细胞化学特点。结果表明;微核仁是直径0.3—0.5μm 的卵圆形或球形结构。常规染色时,微核仁与集缩染色质的电子密度相仿,但两者之间在结构上没有任何联系。细胞化学研究指出,微核仁含有 RNA 和蛋白质,其结构成分主要是与核仁颗粒组分十分相似的 RNP 颗粒。报道了植物细胞核中微核仁发生于核仁的过程并对微核仁的本质和功能进行了讨论。     

Ultrastructure of P-protein inHevea brasiliensis during sieve-tube development and after wounding

Summary P-protein and the changes it undergoes after wounding of sieve tubes of secondary phloem in one- to two-year old shoots ofHevea brasiliensis has been studied using electron microscopy. The P-protein in the form of tubules with a diameter of 8–9 nm and a lumen of 2–2.5 nm occurred in differentiating sieve elements and appeared as compact bodies which consisted of small aggregates of the tubules. As the sieve elements matured, these P-protein bodies dispersed with a disaggregation of the tubules before they turned into striated fibrils, 10–11 nm in diameter. In wounding experiments, as the mature sieve elements collapsed after cutting, their striated P-protein converted into tubules. These tubules were the same in ultrastructure as the tubules in differentiating sieve elements and they often were arranged in crystalline aggregates.     

长春和北京地区引起婴幼儿肺炎的3型与7型腺病毒的分子流行病学研究

对长春和北京地区连续12年(1976年冬至1988年春)引起小儿肺炎的3、7型腺病毒102株标本,进行了限制性内切酶核酸电泳图谱分析。56株7型腺病毒经BamHⅠ、BclⅠ、BglⅠ、XbaⅠ、SmaⅠ、HindⅢ分析后,表现为两个基因组型——Ad7 b和Ad7 d。46株3型腺病毒被Bg1 Ⅱ、BamHⅠ酶解后,表现为 3个基因组型——Ad 3Ⅰ、Ad 3Ⅱ、Ad 3Ⅲ。各基因组型的分布情况是:56株7型腺病毒中,43株为Ad 7 b(76.8％),流行于1976年冬至1986年春;13株是Ad 7 d(23.2％),出现于1982年,与Ad 7 b共同流行;1986年～1988年分析的5株病毒都是Ad 7d。43株3型腺病毒中,Ad3Ⅰ42株(91.0％),分布于12年中;Ad 3Ⅱ、Ad 3Ⅲ各2株,散在分布。此结果表明,国内这12年中引起小儿肺炎的3型腺病毒至少有3个基因组型,7型腺病毒至少有两个基因组型。Ad3Ⅰ和Ad7 b是流行优势基因组型。但自80年代初开始出现Ad7 d以来,有逐年增多的趋势,最近两年的标本又都是Ad7 d,很可能它将取代Ad7 b而成为流行的优势基因组型.     

Targeting of glycoprotein I (gE) of varicella-zoster virus to the trans-Golgi network by an AYRV sequence and an acidic amino acid-rich patch in the cytosolic domain of the molecule.

Previous studies suggested that varicella-zoster virus (VZV) envelope glycoproteins (gps) are selectively transported to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and that the cytosolic domain of gpI (gE) targets it to the TGN. To identify targeting signals in the gpI cytosolic domain, intracellular protein trafficking was studied in transfected cells expressing chimeric proteins in which a full-length or mutated gpI cytosolic domain was fused to the gpI transmembrane domain and interleukin-2 receptor (tac) ectodomain. Expressed protein was visualized with antibodies to tac. A targeting sequence (AYRV) and a second, acidic amino acid-rich region of the gpI cytosolic domain (putative signal patch) were each sufficient to cause expressed protein to colocalize with TGN markers. This targeting was lost when the tyrosine of the AYRV sequence was replaced with glycine or lysine, when arginine was replaced with glutamic acid, or when valine was substituted with lysine. In contrast, tyrosine could be replaced by phenylalanine and valine could be substituted with leucine. Mutation of alanine to aspartic acid or deletion of alanine abolished TGN targeting. Exposure of transfected cells to antibodies to the tac ectodomain revealed that the TCN targeting of expressed tac-gpI chimeric proteins occurred as a result of selective retrieval from the plasmalemma. These data suggest that the AYRV sequence and a second signaling patch in the cytosolic domain of gpI are responsible for its targeting to the TGN. The observations also support the hypothesis that the TGN plays a critical role in the envelopment of VZV.     

Protoplast culture and plant regeneration ofPinellia ternata

A study was undertaken to develop a protoplast regeneration system for pinellia. A yield of 19 29 x 10⁵ protoplasts/g F. W. could be obtained from cell suspension cultures incubated in a digestion enzyme solution with 2% cellulase Onzuka R-10, 10% pectinase (Sigma), 0.01% pectolyase Y23. K8P and modified MS media were used to culture protoplasts in: a) liquid, b) liquid-solid double layer, or c) agarose embedded protoplast culture. The former two were conducive to colony formation from protoplast-derived cells. The frequency of cell division was about 8% after 3 days in culture. Gradually adding fresh medium of lower osmotic pressure into the medium for protoplast culture favored cell division. Calli (1–2 mm in diameter) formed after 30–40 days in culture. The calli transferred onto medium supplemented with KT (0.5 mg 1^–1) and NAA (0.2 mg 1)^–1) could regenerate plants after 40–50 days. Of 47 plantlets transplanted into plots, 29 flowered and were fertile.Abbreviations 2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - NAA -naphthaleneacetic acid - KT kinetin - CH casein hydrolysate