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661.
Kinetochore individualization in meiosis I is required for centromeric cohesin removal in meiosis II
Yulia Gryaznova Leonor Keating Sandra A Touati Damien Cladire Warif El Yakoubi Eulalie Buffin Katja Wassmann 《The EMBO journal》2021,40(7)
Partitioning of the genome in meiosis occurs through two highly specialized cell divisions, named meiosis I and meiosis II. Step‐wise cohesin removal is required for chromosome segregation in meiosis I, and sister chromatid segregation in meiosis II. In meiosis I, mono‐oriented sister kinetochores appear as fused together when examined by high‐resolution confocal microscopy, whereas they are clearly separated in meiosis II, when attachments are bipolar. It has been proposed that bipolar tension applied by the spindle is responsible for the physical separation of sister kinetochores, removal of cohesin protection, and chromatid separation in meiosis II. We show here that this is not the case, and initial separation of sister kinetochores occurs already in anaphase I independently of bipolar spindle forces applied on sister kinetochores, in mouse oocytes. This kinetochore individualization depends on separase cleavage activity. Crucially, without kinetochore individualization in meiosis I, bivalents when present in meiosis II oocytes separate into chromosomes and not sister chromatids. This shows that whether centromeric cohesin is removed or not is determined by the kinetochore structure prior to meiosis II. 相似文献
662.
663.
Alla O. Badyakina Natalia V. Vasil’eva Yulia A. Koryakina Elena V. Anisimova Natalia E. Suzina Marina A. Nesmeyanova 《Central European Journal of Biology》2007,2(3):385-404
Secretion of periplasmic alkaline phosphatase (PhoA) encoded by the gene constituent of plasmids and the peculiar properties
of cell envelope biogenesis in Escherichia coli strains with controlled synthesis of individual membrane phospholipids have been studied. Alkaline phosphatase secretion
across the cytoplasmic membrane declines, while secretion into the culture medium intensifies under changed metabolism. The
composition of anionic membrane phospholipids changes due to inactivation of the pgsA gene or regulation of its expression by environmental factor, as well as in the absence of the pssA gene which is responsible for the synthesis of the precursor for zwitter-ionic phospholipid — phosphatidylethanolamine. This
correlates with intensified secretion of exopolysaccharides and lower content of lipopolysaccharide and lipoprotein which
are responsible for barrier properties of the outer membrane. The results suggest a possible coupling of protein secretion
with biogenesis of cell envelope components at a level of phospholipid metabolism. 相似文献