紫外指纹图谱结合化学计量学对黄精基原植物的鉴别

运用紫外光谱技术结合化学计量学,建立快速鉴别不同基原黄精的方法。通过单因素实验确定黄精最佳提取溶剂、时间和用量,制备测试液,采用紫外光谱技术建立3种基原黄精的紫外指纹图谱,光谱数据转化后进行主成分(PCA)和系统聚类分析(HCA)。该方法重现性、精密度、稳定性较好,结果表明不同种类黄精紫外指纹图谱具有指纹特性,3种基原植物黄精紫外光谱图在210 nm、220 nm、280 nm附近差异明显;聚类分析和主成分分析三维投影图反映出不同种类黄精的化学成分积累具有差异,能较好地区分滇黄精(Polygonatumkingianum)、黄精(P.sibiricum)与多花黄精(P.cyrtonema)。紫外光谱结合化学计量学能快速鉴别不同种类黄精,可作为黄精的鉴别和质量控制新方法,为黄精临床应用、资源开发及黄精属植物分类提供辅助方法。     

干旱胁迫对银杏叶片光合系统Ⅱ荧光特性的影响

为了探讨银杏叶片在长期干旱胁迫下光合性能的变化,采用盆栽控水法对银杏幼苗进行干旱处理,并分别在处理后第0、20、30、40、50天,对荧光动力学曲线和荧光参数进行了测定和JIP-test分析.结果表明:随着干旱的加剧,叶片叶绿素含量逐渐递减.由于干旱导致银杏叶片的光合系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)结构破坏和稳固性减弱,其荧光动力学曲线出现了K相和L相的升高,在干旱处理40 d后升高加剧.PSⅡ结构的变化导致了一系列荧光参数的变化,初始荧光F0逐渐升高,最大荧光Fm逐渐降低;代表单位反应中心活性的参数ABS/RC、ET0/RC、TR0/RC逐渐升高;单位面积捕获的光能TR0/CS0高于对照,单位面积用于电子传递的光能ET0/ CS0后期下降;表示受体侧电子传递活性的参数Sm、Ψ0、(φ)E0逐渐下降,M0、VJ、VI逐渐升高;表示热耗散的参数DI0/RC、DI0/CS0随干旱时间延长而急剧升高;活性反应中心数目RC/CS0减少;代表PSⅡ光合效率的参数Fv/Fm、PIabs逐渐下降;代表PSⅡ供体侧活性的参数Wk随干旱时间延长而逐渐升高,OEC逐渐减少.干旱胁迫导致银杏叶片PSⅡ反应中心失活,能流分配失衡,电子传递受阻,PSⅡ放氧复合体失活和PSⅡ稳固性减弱,从而破坏PSⅡ光合功能.而反应中心失活和受体侧电子QA-的累积是造成PSⅡ电子传递活性减弱的主要原因.干旱条件下,银杏PSⅡ的PIabs比Fv/Fm对干旱的反应更灵敏,可作为银杏叶片受到伤害的指标.     

Quantitative effects of common genetic variations in the 3′UTR of the human LDL-receptor gene and their associations with plasma lipid levels in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study

The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) plays a pivotal role in cholesterol homeostasis. However, the role of genetic variations in the 3′UTR of the LDLR in relation to plasma cholesterol has been largely understudied. Six SNPs, G44243A, G44332A, C44506G, G44695A, C44857T and A44964G, within the 5′ region of the 3′UTR fall into three common haplotypes, GGCGCA, AGCACG, and GGCGTA, occurring at frequencies of 0.45, 0.31 and 0.17, respectively, in Caucasians (n = 29) and 0.13, 0.13 and 0.38, respectively, in African Americans (n = 32), with three other haplotypes occurring at lesser frequencies. In a tissue culture based system, expression of a reporter gene carrying a 3′UTR that includes the 1 kb nucleotide sequences corresponding to the AGCACG or GGCGTA was 70 or 63%, respectively, of the same sequence with GGCGCA. Genotyping of two “haplotype tagging” SNPs, C44857T and A44964G, in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study population showed that in Caucasians, but not in African Americans, the inferred TA haplotype had a significant LDL-cholesterol lowering effect. The adjusted LDL-cholesterol levels in the TA/TA diplotypes were lower by 6.10 mg/dl in men (P < 0.001) and by 4.63 mg/dl in women (P < 0.01) than in individuals with other diplotypes. Caucasian men homozygous for CA, in contrast, showed significantly higher LDL-cholesterol (P < 0.04), lower HDL-cholesterol (P < 0.02) and higher LDL/HDL ratios (P < 0.001). Thus our data shows that 3′UTR sequences that cause higher reporter gene expression in vitro are associated in Caucasians with plasma lipid profiles indicative of higher cardiovascular risk, suggesting that further studies of quantitative variants in the LDLR gene will be valuable. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. An erratum to this article can be found at     

电针诱导心肌缺血大鼠延髓头端腹外侧区nNOS和iNOS差异表达

许多研究表明,延髓头端腹外侧区(rostral ventrolateml medulla,RVLM)的NO/NOS系统参与心血管活动的中枢调节.本实验以结扎Wistar大鼠左冠状动脉前降支法建立急性心肌缺血(acute myocardial ischemia,AMI)动物模型,观察针刺"内关"穴改善AMI大鼠的心功能作用,同时检测大鼠RVLM区神经元型一氧化氮合酶(neuronal nitric oxide synthase,nNOS)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS)表达的变化,进而探讨针刺治疗AMI的中枢机制.实验观察显示,AMI大鼠心功能各项指标减弱,伴随外周血去甲肾上腺素(norepinephrine,NE)和脑钠肽(brain natriuretic peptide,BNP)水平显著升高,同时RVLM区nNOS阳性神经元数和nNOS mRNA表达升高,而iNOS水平则降低.针刺"内关"穴(Pe 6)(每天30 min,连续5天)改善心功能,降低AMI大鼠血清中NE和BNP的水平,同时升高iNOS并降低nNOS在RVLM的表达.以上结果提示,针刺治疗心肌缺血的同时可以调节iNOS/NO和nNOS/NO在RVLM的变化,这可能与针刺通过调节RVLM区的NO含量进而降低交感传出,从而改善AMI大鼠的心功能有关.     

Biodegradation of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) by a new Penicillium oxalicum strain DSYD05-1

In this study, fungi isolated from soil were screened for their ability to form clear zones on agar plates with emulsified poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). The most active strain, designated as DSYD05, was identified as Penicillium oxalicum on the basis of morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis. Mutant DSYD05-1, obtained by ultraviolet-light mutagenesis from strain DSYD05, was more effective in PCL degradation. In liquid cultures of the mutant strain with PCL emulsion, DSYD05-1 showed the highest PCL-degrading activity after 4?days of cultivation. The products of PCL degradation were analysed by mass spectrometry; the results indicated that 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid was produced and assimilated during cultivation. The degradation of PCL film by DSYD05-1 was observed by scanning electron microscopy, and was indicative of a three-stage degradation process. The degradation of amorphous parts of the film preceded that of the crystalline center and then the peripheral crystalline regions. In addition, DSYD05-1 showed a wide range of substrate specificity, with capability to degrade PCL, poly(β-hydroxybutyrate), and poly(butylene succinate), but not poly(lactic acid), indicating that the strain could have potential for application in the treatment or recycling of bio-plastic wastes.     

The effects of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry6A on the survival, growth, reproduction, locomotion, and behavioral response of Caenorhabditis elegans

Several families of crystal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis exhibit nematicidal activity. Cry5B protein, a pore-forming toxin, has been intensively studied yielding many insights into the mode of action of crystal protein at molecular level and pathogenesis of pore-forming toxins. However, little attention was paid to Cry6A, another representative nematicidal crystal protein. Cry6A shares very low homology with Cry5B at amino acid sequence and probably acts in a distinct pathway from Cry5B and even the other main commercial crystal proteins. In the current study, we comprehensively investigated the nematicidal properties of Cry6Aa2 against the free-living soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and examined the physical response of C. elegans to Cry6Aa2 attack. Our results indicate that Cry6Aa2 exhibits high lethal activity to C. elegans and could cause detrimental effects on C. elegans, including obviously suppressed growth, decreased brood size, and even abnormal motility. Meanwhile, our study additionally shows that C. elegans could defend against the Cry6Aa2 toxin harmful threat through behavioral defense responses, such as reduced oral uptake and physical avoidance. In general, this study suggests that Cry6Aa2 possesses diverse nematicidal properties, which strongly indicates that Cry6Aa2 is a promising potential candidate of nematicidal agent. Moreover, this study highlights the importance of behavioral responses in defense of C. elegans for survival and demonstrates the key role of crystal protein in the interaction of B. thuringiensis–C. elegans. These findings could shed light on understanding the interaction of C. elegans with B. thuringiensis and provide a perfect model to study the role of pathogenic factor in the interaction of pathogen–host.     

红豆杉组织培养中褐变问题的研究

本研究针对红豆杉组织培养中经常遇到的褐变问题,采取多种方法进行试验,力求最大限度地避免或减轻褐变。结果表明,选择合适的外植体、培养基和培养条件是至关重要的,此外,抗氧化剂、金属离子螫合剂、热激处理和活性碳处理等方法可在一定程度上减轻褐变的程度。综合考虑各种因素,经过筛选可以获得生长良好的不发生褐变的组织。     

衡山青冈栎群落结构及物种多样性研究

利用样方法进行野外群落调查,共设计了15个样方,每个样方大小为20m×5 m,对衡山青冈栎(Cyclobalanopsis glauca)群落的种类组成、外貌、结构特征及物种多样性进行了研究.结果表明:在1 500 m2样地中,共有维管束植物26科37属46种,其中优势科为壳斗科、山茶科和蔷薇科等;该群落主要是以青冈栎为主的单优种群落,生活型谱以高位芽植物占绝对优势,叶级谱以中、小型叶为优势的特点,群落季相不明显;群落分层较明显,乔木层树种很少,灌木层种类较丰富,对群落物种多样性具有较大影响;物种多样性分析显示该群落多样性指数偏低,其多样性复杂程度由高到低的顺序为灌木层、藤本层、乔木层、草本层.     

水氮运筹对膜下滴灌棉花光合特性及产量形成的影响

以不同基因型棉花品种为材料,在土柱栽培条件下研究膜下滴灌条件下水氮运筹方式对新疆棉花光合性能和产量构成的影响.结果表明： 播前灌溉+盛花期前限量滴灌+盛花期后充分滴灌,并配合氮肥基施20%+追施80%的水氮运筹方式（W₄N₂）下,盛花期叶片叶绿素含量、气孔导度（g_s）、净光合速率（P_n）、PSⅡ实际光化学效率（Φ_PSⅡ）和光化学猝灭系数（q_P）均显著低于全生育期常规滴灌处理,非光化学猝灭系数（NPQ）增加,地上部干物质累积量受到限制;盛铃期至吐絮期叶绿素含量、g_s、P_n、Φ_PSⅡ、q_P均随水氮供应量的提高而增大,地上部干物质产生超补偿积累,且有利于光合产物向棉铃的运转与分配.在氮肥基施20%+追施80%的施氮方式下,新陆早13号以播前灌溉+全生育期常规滴灌（W₃）处理的籽棉产量较高,新陆早43号以播前灌溉+盛花期前限量滴灌+盛花期后充分滴灌（W₄）处理籽棉产量最高.因此,在播前灌溉条件下适当减少盛花期前、增加生育中后期水氮供应,可以延长冠层叶片光合功能期,促进光合物质优先向生殖器官分配,充分发挥膜下滴灌棉花的增产潜力.