谈《伤寒论》中的欲愈候

欲愈候是预示疾病将愈的一类证候。文章列举《伤寒论》中6种典型欲愈候，并结合后世医家评述，分别探讨其临床指征、作解机理、现代临床意义，这对于临床把握疾病的发展规律以及指导临床用药等，均具有一定的积极意义。     

The oncogenic role of Epstein–Barr virus‐encoded microRNAs in Epstein–Barr virus‐associated gastric carcinoma

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection is detected in various epithelial malignancies, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and gastric cancer (GC). EBV comprises some unique molecular features and encodes viral genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) by its own DNA sequence. EBV genes are required to maintain latency and contribute to oncogenic property. miRNAs encoded by EBV have been shown to contribute to initiation and progression of EBV‐related malignancies. By a number of genomic profiling studies, some EBV miRNAs were confirmed to be highly expressed in EBV‐associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) samples and cell lines. The majority host targets of the EBV miRNAs are important for promoting cell growth and inhibiting apoptosis, facilitating cell survival and immune evasion. However, the integrated molecular mechanisms related to EBV miRNAs remain to be investigated. In this review, we summarized the crucial role of EBV miRNAs in epithelial malignancies, especially in EBVaGC. Collectively, EBV miRNAs play a significant role in the viral and host gene regulation network. Understanding the comprehensive potential targets and relevant functions of EBV miRNAs in gastric carcinogenesis might provide better clinical translation.     

Complete Genome Sequence of Porcine Circovirus 2b Strain CC1

A porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) strain, designated CC1, was isolated and purified from tissue samples from pigs with wasting syndromes in China. We report the complete genome sequence of PCV2b strain CC1 with a deletion of C at position 1053 resulting in elongation of open reading frame 2 (ORF2) and formation of ORF5. There were 11 ORFs in the genome.     

The Fas-associated death domain protein is required in apoptosis and TLR-induced proliferative responses in B cells

The Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD)/Mort1 is a signaling adaptor protein which mediates the activation of caspase 8 during death receptor-induced apoptosis. Disruption of FADD in germ cells results in death receptor-independent embryonic lethality in mice. Previous studies indicated that in addition to its function in apoptosis, FADD is also required in peripheral T cell homeostasis and TCR-induced proliferative responses. In this report, we generated B cell-specific FADD-deficient mice and showed that deletion of FADD at the pro-B cell stage had minor effects on B cell development in the bone marrow, and resulted in increased splenic and lymph node B cell numbers and decreased peritoneal B1 cell numbers. As in T cells, a FADD deficiency inhibited Fas-induced apoptosis in B cells. However, B cell-proliferative responses induced by stimulation of the BCR and CD40 using anti-IgM or anti-CD40 Abs were unaffected by the absence of FADD. Further analyses revealed that FADD-deficient B cells were defective in proliferative responses induced by treatments with dsRNA and LPS which stimulate TLR3 and TLR4, respectively. Therefore, in addition to its apoptotic function, FADD also plays a role in TLR3- and TLR4-induced proliferative responses in B cells.     

Structural elucidation of metabolites of tanshinone I and its analogue dihydrotanshinone I in rats by HPLC–ESI-MSn

Tanshinone I and its analogue dihydrotanshinone I are the major active components isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and Salvia Przewalskii Maxim. These compounds have been found to possess significant antibacterial, anti-dermatophytic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. Fifteen phase I metabolites and two phase II metabolites of tanshinone I and dihydrotanshinone I in rat bile were elucidated and identified by a sensitive HPLC–ESI-MSⁿ method. The molecular structures of the metabolites are presented on the basis of the characteristics of their precursor ions, product ions and chromatographic retention times. The results indicate that the phase I metabolites are biotransformed through four main pathways: dehydrogenation, hydroxylation, furan ring cleavage and oxidation metabolism. Phase II metabolites were mainly identified as the sulfated conjugates which showed a characteristic neutral loss of 80 Da. The biotransformed pathways of tanshinone I and dihydrotanshinone I were proposed on the basis of the investigation.     

多重耐药寡养单胞菌的基因组学研究进展

寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas)是一类广泛分布于自然环境中的革兰氏阴性非发酵细菌,环境适应能力较强,尤其具备高度耐受抗生素的能力,被认为是耐药基因(antimicrobial resistance,AMR)传播的“物流转运仓库”。临床上寡养单胞菌检出率逐年提高,且耐受抗生素能力及其种类呈现增加态势。本文围绕寡养单胞菌基因组编码的多样性耐药因子,结合基因组学工具开发、抗生素耐药分子机制的研究进展,针对耐药相关因子所涉及的进化/变异和序列编辑技术展开综述。寡养单胞菌的比较基因组学(comparative genomics)研究,可推动耐药菌高效监测与扩散风险防控、解析微生物适应环境关键机制和设计靶向药物。     

Glucose-regulated protein 78 modulates cell growth,epithelial–mesenchymal transition,and oxidative stress in the hyperplastic prostate

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a chronic condition which mainly affects elderly males. Existing scientific evidences have not completely revealed the pathogenesis of BPH. Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is a member of the heat shock protein 70 superfamily, which serves as an important regulator in many diseases. This study aims at elucidating the role of GRP78 in the BPH process. Human prostate tissues, cultured human prostate cell lines (BPH-1 and WPMY-1) and clinical data from BPH patients were utilized. The expression and localization of GRP78 were determined with quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. GRP78 knockdown and overexpression cell models were created with GRP78 siRNA and GRP78 plasmid transfection. With these models, cell viability, apoptosis rate, as well as marker levels for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and oxidative stress (OS) were detected by CCK8 assay, flow cytometry analysis and Western blotting respectively. AKT/mTOR and MAPK/ERK pathways were also evaluated. Results showed GRP78 was localized in the epithelium and stroma of the prostate, with higher expression in BPH tissues. There was no significant difference in GRP78 expression between BPH-1 and WPMY-1 cell lines. In addition, GRP78 knockdown (KD) slowed cell growth and induced apoptosis, without effects on the cell cycle stage of both cell lines. Lack of GRP78 affected expression levels of markers for EMT and OS. Consistently, overexpression of GRP78 completely reversed all effects of knocking down GRP78. We further found that GRP78 modulated cell growth and OS via AKT/mTOR signaling, rather than the MAPK/ERK pathway. Overall, our novel data demonstrates that GRP78 plays a significant role in the development of BPH and suggests that GRP78 might be rediscovered as a new target for treatment of BPH.Subject terms: Prostatic diseases, Preclinical research     

Intense green light emission in Sr2ZnGe2O7:Mn2+ phosphors by the design of high symmetry melilite structure

A green phosphor Sr₂ZnGe₂O₇:Mn²⁺ with a melilite structure was prepared using a high-temperature solid-state reaction. When the 535 nm emission was monitored, the excitation spectrum of the Sr₂ZnGe₂O₇:Mn²⁺ was found to contain two excitation bands in the ultraviolet (UV) region. When excited by UV light, the sample shows bright green emission at 535 nm, which corresponds to the distinctive transition of Mn²⁺ (⁴T₁→⁶A₁). Moreover, the quantum efficiency of Sr₂ZnGe₂O₇:Mn²⁺ could reach 67.6%. Finally, a high-performance white-light-emitting diode (WLED) with a low correlated colour temperature of 4632 K and a high colour rendering index (CRI) of 92.3 were packaged by coating commercial blue and red phosphors with an optimized Sr₂ZnGe₂O₇:Mn²⁺ sample on a 310 nm UV chip. This indicated that Sr₂ZnGe₂O₇:Mn²⁺ has the potential application as a green component in the WLED lighting field.