昆虫包涵体衍生型病毒经口感染相关蛋白的研究进展

了解昆虫杆状病毒包涵体衍生型病毒(Occlusion-derived virus,ODV)的经口感染相关蛋白对揭示杆状病毒建立原发感染的机制、明确昆虫的先天免疫系统,以及研究控制昆虫新策略等方面具有重要意义。目前已鉴定的经口感染因子(Per osinfectivity factors,PIF)包括P74、PIF1、PIF2、PIF3、PIF4、PIF5(ODV-E56)和PIF6。此外,与ODV病毒粒子经口感染有关的蛋白有ODV-E66、VP91、Ac108、ORF 145和ORF 150。综述近年来关于上述经口感染相关蛋白的结构和功能等研究成果,分析了这些蛋白的分子生物学特征。     

两种植物条件下土壤中矿物油和多环芳烃（PAHs）的生物修复研究

选择苜蓿草和水稻为供试植物,以污染物水平、有机以、专性细菌和真菌为调控因子,进行土壤中矿物油和PAHs的生物修复研究,结果表明,投肥对苜蓿草土壤中矿物油降解有促进作用,但对水稻土壤中矿物油降解无明显作用,投肥均使苜蓿草和水稻土壤中多环芒烃总量（11种列于美国EPA黑名单上的多环芳烃）降解率提高,这一降解促进效果在水稻土壤中好于苜蓿草土壤,有机肥量与苜蓿草根际土著真菌、细菌数量明显呈正相关,但仅与水稻根际土著细菌数量呈明显正相关,两种土壤中实测真菌和细菌总数均与试验投加专性真菌和细菌量无关,水稻土和苜蓿草土壤中3环多环芳烃的降解随投肥量增大而降解率提高,其在水稻土蓑中的效果好于苜蓿草土壤,投肥怪4环多环芳烃的降解并未产生有效作用。     

Electrochemical imprinted sensor for determination of oleanic acid based on poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate-co-acrylic acid)-grafted multi-walled carbon nanotubes-chitosan and cobalt hexacyanoferrate nanoparticles

A novel sensitive and selective imprinted electrochemical sensor for the determination of oleanic acid was constructed on a carbon electrode by stepwise modification of functional multi-walled carbon nanotubes, cobalt hexacyanoferrate nanoparticles and a thin imprinted sol-gel film. The fabrication of a homogeneous porous poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate-co-acrylic acid)-grafted multi-walled carbon nanotubes/SiO(2)-chitosan nanocomposite film was conducted by controllable electrodeposition technology. The surface morphologies of the modified electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscope. The performance of the imprinted sensor was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in detail. The imprinted sensor displayed high sensitivity and selectivity towards oleanic acid. A linear relationship between the sensor response signal and the logarithm of oleanic acid concentrations ranging from 1.0×10(-8) to 1.0×10(-3) mol L(-1) was obtained with a detection limit of 2.0×10(-9) mol L(-1). It was applied to the determination of oleanic acid in real capsule samples successfully.     

土壤,植物样品中多环芳烃（PAHs）分析方法研究

土壤、植物和籽实样品分别用四氢呋喃、甲醇、乙酸乙酯以超声技术提取。提取液经旋转浓缩蒸发仪浓缩,经硅胶柱净化后,由高效液相色谱（ＨＰＬＣ）分离,萤光检测分析。对于土壤、植物和籽实样品,其方法回收率根据各个ＰＡＨ化合物的理化性质不同分别为４５．６８－９３．４２、７７．５９－１０８．１３和７９．１１－９８．９６％,结果表明,二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃适合作为土壤样品的提取剂;甲醇、乙酸乙酯分别适合于植物和籽实样     

Bone marrow stromal cells induce apoptosis of lymphoma cells in the presence of IFNgamma and TNF by producing nitric oxide

Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) have been shown to promote the growth and survival of a wide variety of tumors. However, in the present study, we found that BMSCs induced apoptosis of lymphoma cells in the presence of INFγ and TNF. IFNγ and TNF dramatically induced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) by BMSCs in culture, and BMSCs generated from iNOS knockout mice did not induce apoptosis of lymphoma cells in the presence of IFNγ and TNF. In addition, we found that IFNγ and TNF also increased IL-6 expression by BMSCs, and anti-IL-6 further increased the killing of tumor cells by BMSCs. Taken together, our findings indicate that BMSCs induce apoptosis of lymphoma cells in the presence of IFNγ and TNF, and that the proapoptotic effect of BMSCs is mediated by nitric oxide. Our findings suggest a possibility to harness this proapoptotic feature of BMSCs for the development of novel therapeutic strategy to eliminate tumor cells, especially tumor cells in bone marrow.     

AChE deficiency or inhibition decreases apoptosis and p53 expression and protects renal function after ischemia/reperfusion

We recently reported that the expression of the synaptic form of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is induced during apoptosis in various cell types in vitro. Here, we provide evidence to confirm that AChE is expressed during ischemia–reperfusion (I/R)-induced apoptosis in vivo. Renal I/R is a major cause of acute renal failure (ARF), resulting in injury and the eventual death of renal cells due to a combination of apoptosis and necrosis. Using AChE-deficient mice and AChE inhibitors, we investigated whether AChE deficiency or inhibition can protect against apoptosis caused by I/R in a murine kidney model. Unilateral clamping of renal pedicles for 90 min followed by reperfusion for 24 h caused significant renal dysfunction and injury. Both genetic AChE deficiency and chemical inhibition of AChE (provided by huperzine A, tacrine and donepezil) significantly reduced the biochemical and histological evidence of renal dysfunction following I/R. Activation of caspases-8, -9, -12, and -3 in vivo were prevented and associated with reduced levels of cell apoptosis and cell death. A further investigation also confirmed that AChE deficiency down-regulated p53 induction and phosphorylation at serine-15, and decreased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio during I/R. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that AChE may be a pro-apoptotic factor and the inhibition of AChE reduces renal I/R injury. These findings suggest that AChE inhibitors may represent a therapeutic strategy for protection against ischemic acute renal failure.     

胡葱与洋葱、葱亲缘关系初探

Allium ascalonicum L,在我国的邦名比较混乱,而且它与洋葱、葱的亲缘关系不清。作者认为,它在我国的邦名应规范为胡葱,同时,从性状比较的角度研究胡葱与洋葱、葱之间的亲缘关系。结果表明,胡葱的植物学特征和生物学特性介于洋葱和葱之间。     

土壤－植物系统中多环芳烃和重金属的行为研究

对土壤中多环芳烃和重金属的行为研究表明,与对照相比,０—２０ｃｍ以上表土层存在多环芳烃和重金属积累,２０ｃｍ以下土层未发现积累;与春、秋两次采样结果相比,土壤中多环芳烃的含量有所下降,表明土壤微生物对多环芳烃有一定降解作用,且其降解程度与土壤－植物系统的生态结构有关．菲在地下水中检出浓度较高,表明这一污染物有向下迁移的可能性．此外,柳树对土壤中重金属Ｃｄ的积累有明显的削减与净化作用．本研究表明,严格限制污水中多环芳烃和重金属的污染负荷以及设计合理的生态结构是避免多环芳烃和重金属在土壤中积累的关键．     

糖化酶基因的克隆和在酿酒酵母中表达

以穿梭质粒pLCl为载体,大肠杆菌C600为受体构建了扣囊拟内孢霉(Endomycopsis fibuligera)Sau34基因文库。从基因文库中提取重组质粒DNA,转化酿酒酵母BJ1991,选出具有淀粉水解酶活性的转化子,它含有编码扣囊拟内孢霉胞外糖化酶的基因片段,能发酵淀粉。琼脂糖凝胶电泳证明所插入DNA片段为5.3kb,SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测得糖化酶的分子量为54000。酶活最适温度为50℃,最适pH为5.5。     

除草剂胁迫对空心莲子草叶甲种群的影响及应对策略

为探讨除草剂胁迫对空心莲子草叶甲种群的影响,寻求合理施用除草剂,有效保护叶甲,提高其控草效果的应对策略,利用叶片残留法测试了在草甘膦、农达、水花生净与35%苄·丁可湿粉等除草剂胁迫下空心莲子草叶甲卵孵化率,幼虫、成虫存活率以及蛹羽化率。结果表明被测试的4种除草剂均不同程度地降低空心莲子草叶甲卵孵化率,幼虫与成虫存活率及蛹羽化率,特别是水花生净28.0、35.0 g/L两种浓度处理,35%苄·丁可湿粉4.0 g/L浓度处理显著降低卵孵化率;农达13.4 g/L浓度处理显著降低1龄前期幼虫存活率,农达40.1 g/L与 53.4 g/L两种浓度处理显著降低2龄前期幼虫存活率;水花生净28.0 g/L浓度处理显著降低3龄前期幼虫存活率;草甘膦97.6 g/L与 122.0 g/L浓度处理、农达26.7 g/L与66.8 g/L浓度处理、35%苄·丁可湿粉2.0 g/L浓度处理显著降低后期蛹的羽化率;35%苄·丁可湿粉1.0 g/L浓度处理显著降低羽化后3 d雌虫的存活率。除草剂除直接杀死空心莲子草叶甲,降低其种群数量外,使叶甲失去食物与避护所,快速地引起叶甲种群崩溃。建议合理施药,并在施药时,随机留若干小斑块不施药,保护叶甲,可望提高其田间控草效果。