A method for repetitive artifact suppression in multichannel EEG recordings

An artifact suppression method based on the assumption of linear independence of EEG and artifact signals is described. This assumption allows the use of principal component analysis for their separation. The method makes it possible to eliminate electrooculogram (EOG) signals from multichannel EEG recordings regardless of the use of special EOG channels in the recording, as well as to eliminate any other repetitive artifacts, including pulse and electrocardiogram artifacts, ones related to mechanical instability of the reference electrode, etc.     

恒河猴二次接种H5N1亚型禽流感病毒

对恒河猴进行二次接种H5N1亚型禽流感病毒试验,并对二次接毒的结果进行观察,评估初次接毒对恒河猴二次接毒效果的影响.首次接种试验中,3、4、5号恒河猴用环甲膜穿刺注射方法接种含有H5N1亚型禽流感病毒的尿囊液,6号猴接种不含病毒的尿囊液.90d后,再次用环甲膜穿刺注射方法二次接种,4、5、6号猴接种7mlTCID50浓度为104.875病毒的尿囊液,3号猴接种7ml不含病毒的尿囊液.进行抗体等检测,并分别于72h无痛处死3、4、6号猴,第7d无痛处死5号猴,进行肺的病毒检测及病理观察.结果显示,3、4、5号猴至试验结束时体内依然有较高的抗H5N1亚型禽流感病毒抗体水平,6号猴没有抗体;通过RT-PCR以及免疫组化染色进行病毒检测,均只在6号猴肺部检出病毒,且6号猴肺部病理损伤最为严重.由此可以得出初步结论:在初次感染H5N1亚型禽流感病毒后90d,临床症状已基本恢复正常的恒河猴体内仍然有较高水平的抗体,此时,恒河猴抵抗H5N1亚型禽流感病毒二次感染的能力显著提高.     

Dexamethasone interferes with osteoblasts formation during osteogenesis through altering IGF-1-mediated angiogenesis

Dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic glucocorticoid (GC) with long-lasting treatment effects, has been proved to exert a modulatory effect on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation during embryonic osteogenesis. However, it is still controversial if Dex exposure influences endochondral ossification and the underlying mechanism. In this study, chick embryos in vivo and preosteoblast cell cultures in vitro were utilized to investigate the effects of Dex on osteoblast formation and differentiation during the skeletal development. We first demonstrated that Dex exposure could shorten the long bones of 17-day chick embryos in vivo, and also downregulated the expressions of osteogenesis-related genes. Next, we established that Dex exposure inhibited the proliferation and viability of preosteoblasts-MC3TC-E1 cells, and the addition of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) could dramatically rescue these negative effects. On the basis of remarkable changes in the rescue experiments, we next verified the important role of angiogenesis in osteogenesis by culturing isolated embryonic phalanges in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium culture or on the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Then, we transplanted MC3T3-E1 cell masses onto the CAM. The data showed that Dex exposure reduced the vessel density within the developed cell mass, concomitantly with the downregulation of IGF-1 pathway. We verified that the inhibition of blood vessel formation caused by Dex could be rescued by IGF-1 treatment using the CAM angiogenesis model. Eventually, we demonstrated that the shortened length of the phalanges in the presence of Dex could be reversed by IGF-1 addition. In summary, these findings suggested that the inhibition of Igf-1 signal caused by Dex exposure exerts a detrimental impact on the formation of osteoblasts and angiogenesis, which consequently shortens long bones during osteogenesis.     

尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)诱导矿化回收稀土离子La(Ⅲ)

[目的] 从罗源湾红树林浅滩土壤中筛选出产脲酶真菌,研究其对镧La（Ⅲ）的最大耐受浓度,利用其吸附和产脲酶作用诱导矿化回收稀土离子La（Ⅲ）,以期为稀土离子La（Ⅲ）的资源回收提供菌种资源和应用技术指导。[方法] 从罗源湾红树林浅滩土壤中分离、筛选、纯化出可产脲酶及耐La（Ⅲ）真菌,通过ITS rDNA基因序列分析对其进行鉴定;同时,利用XRD、SEM-Mapping及FT-IR分析探讨菌株回收La（Ⅲ）的机理。[结果] 经分离、纯化得到一株可产脲酶及耐受高浓度La（Ⅲ）的真菌FZU-07,鉴定为尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxysporum）,其具有较强诱导矿化回收La（Ⅲ）的能力,对La（Ⅲ）的最大耐受浓度为400 mg/L。菌株FZU-07单独对La（Ⅲ）吸附回收效率为46.19%;在诱导矿化条件下回收效率可提高到99.16%。FT-IR和SEM-Mapping分析表明,尖孢镰刀菌吸附La（Ⅲ）与菌丝体表面的氨基、羟基、羰基和磷酸基团相关;XRD和SEM-Mapping结果表明诱导矿化是通过该菌的产脲酶特性,使尿素分解产生碳酸,并与钙离子结合生成球霰石晶型的碳酸钙,La（Ⅲ）被捕获在球霰石晶格中,形成La（Ⅲ）和碳酸钙的混合固相,以共沉淀的形式被回收。[结论] 菌株FZU-07,是一株具有产脲酶特性的尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxysporum）,且具有较强的诱导矿化回收La（Ⅲ）能力。表明微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀是一种可行且生态友好的回收稀土离子的方法。     

小麦芽依赖于DNA的RNA聚合酶Ⅱ不能转录绒毛烟斑驳病毒及其拟病毒

小麦芽经过匀浆、沉淀、高速及超速离心、透析以及DE_(52)离子交换层析等步骤,纯化小麦芽依赖于DNA的RNA聚合酶。用α-鹅膏蕈碱抑制试验,证明得到RNA聚合酶Ⅱ。用此聚合酶Ⅱ组建的体外转录体系的研究结果表明,绒毛烟斑驳病毒的拟病毒和卫星RNA(黄瓜花叶病毒相关RNA_3)都不能利用该体系进行转录,类病毒PSTV可进行转录,但转录效率明显低于小牛胸腺DNA;α-鹅膏簟碱可抑制类病毒的转录。绒毛烟斑驳病毒拟病毒和卫星RNA都不能被转录,表明他们的复制方法与类病毒不同。     

TLR9 limits enteric antimicrobial responses and promotes microbiota‐based colonisation resistance during Citrobacter rodentium infection

Mammalian cells express an array of toll‐like receptors to detect and respond to microbial pathogens, including enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EPEC and EHEC). These clinically important attaching and effacing (A/E) pathogens infect the apical surface of intestinal epithelial cells, causing inflammation as well as severe diarrheal disease. Because EPEC and EHEC are human‐specific, the related murine pathogen Citrobacter rodentium has been widely used to define how hosts defend against A/E pathogens. This study explored the role of TLR9, a receptor that recognises unmethylated CpG dinucleotides present in bacterial DNA, in promoting host defence against C. rodentium. Infected Tlr9^?/? mice suffered exaggerated intestinal damage and carried significantly higher (10–100 fold) pathogen burdens in their intestinal tissues as compared with wild type (WT) mice. C. rodentium infection also induced increased antimicrobial responses, as well as hyperactivation of NF‐κB signalling in the intestines of Tlr9^?/? mice. These changes were associated with accelerated depletion of the intestinal microbiota in Tlr9^?/? mice as compared with WT mice. Notably, antibiotic‐based depletion of the gut microbiota in WT mice prior to infection increased their susceptibility to the levels seen in Tlr9^?/? mice. Our results therefore indicate that TLR9 signalling suppresses intestinal antimicrobial responses, thereby promoting microbiota‐mediated colonisation resistance against C. rodentium infection.     

水稻雄性不育新质源的研究──新型水稻细胞质雄性不育系马协A与野败型珍汕97A不育性的遗传学比较

采用套袋自交结实率和自然结实率为主,花粉育性和田间目测整株育性为辅的综合性状,判定新型细胞质雄性不育系马协Ａ以及它与明恢６３的杂种Ｆ_１、Ｆ_２和ＢＦ_１的植株育性,并以野败型珍汕９７Ａ作对照,比较研究了其不育性的遗传规律。结果表明,马协Ａ与珍汕９７Ａ不育性的遗传均由两对基因控制,但新型细胞质雄性不育系马协Ａ两对基因的作用方式与珍汕９７Ａ不同。前者Ｆ_２群体的育性分离符合９：３：３：１的比例,ＢＦ_１符合１：２：１的比例;后者相应群体则符合１２：３：１和２：１：１的比例,两对基因间表现为显性上位。斯米尔诺夫检验也表明马协Ａ／明恢６３和珍汕９７Ａ／明恢６３的Ｆ_２群体的结实率频率分布差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。并讨论了细胞质雄性不育的遗传机理及分子基础。     

Peanut gene expression profiling in developing seeds at different reproduction stages during <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aspergillus parasiticus</Emphasis>infection

Background  

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important crop economically and nutritionally, and is one of the most susceptible host crops to colonization of Aspergillus parasiticus and subsequent aflatoxin contamination. Knowledge from molecular genetic studies could help to devise strategies in alleviating this problem; however, few peanut DNA sequences are available in the public database. In order to understand the molecular basis of host resistance to aflatoxin contamination, a large-scale project was conducted to generate expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from developing seeds to identify resistance-related genes involved in defense response against Aspergillus infection and subsequent aflatoxin contamination.     

凡纳滨对虾饲料中酵母水解物替代鱼粉适宜比例的研究

试验添加酵母水解物替代不同比例鱼粉, 添加量分别为0(对照组)、2.5%、5.0%、7.5%、10%和12.5%,替代鱼粉的比例分别为0、8%、16%、24%、32%和40%, 通过评估生长性能、消化酶和免疫相关酶活性等指标评价酵母水解物替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾健康生长的影响。选择健康凡纳滨对虾[初重(0.630.01) g]随机分为6组, 每组3个重复, 养殖8周。结果表明, Y2.5和Y5.0处理组对虾增重率和特定生长率与Y0相比差异不显著(P0.05), 但是显著高于其余各组(P0.05), Y2.5组饲料系数和Y0组相比差异不显著, 显著低于其余各组(P0.05); Y5.0组肝胰腺糜蛋白酶和Y0组相比差异不显著(P0.05), 显著高于其余各组(P0.05); Y2.5和Y7.5组胰蛋白酶和Y0组相比差异不显著, 但是显著高于其余各组(P0.05); Y2.5组与Y5.0酚氧化酶活性显著高于其余各组(P0.05), Y2.5组与Y7.5组和Y0组总一氧化氮合酶活性显著高于其余各组(P0.05), Y5.0组和Y7.5组血清溶菌酶活性显著高于其余各组(P0.05)。以增重率为判据, 经二次曲线拟合得出, 获得最大增重率时酵母水解物添加量为1.62%, 替代鱼粉比例为5.19%; 酵母水解物替代鱼粉比例达24%时不会对增重率产生显著影响。     

从文献计量分析看京津冀近65年昆虫学研究发展态势

本文运用文献计量学方法,对新中国成立以来发表在我国主要中文期刊上的京津冀地区昆虫学文献进行检索、整理、分类、统计和分析,共搜集了2457篇相关文献。探讨了这些文献的文献学特征,包括数量年度分布、研究类群分布、研究领域分布、文献载体分布、研究机构分布和学科方向分布,并对昆虫学各分支学科的发展情况进行了阶段分析,以期了解该地区昆虫学研究发展的基本现状和趋势。