A new alkaline lipase obtained from the metagenome of marine sponge <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ircinia</Emphasis> sp.

Microorganisms associated with marine sponges are potential resources for marine enzymes. In this study, culture-independent metagenomic approach was used to isolate lipases from the complex microbiome of the sponge Ircinia sp. obtained from the South China Sea. A metagenomic library was constructed, containing 6568 clones, and functional screening on 1 % tributyrin agar resulted in the identification of a positive lipase clone (35F4). Following sequence analysis 35F4 clone was found to contain a putative lipase gene lipA. Sequence analysis of the predicted amino acid sequence of LipA revealed that it is a member of subfamily I.1 of lipases, with 63 % amino acid similarity to the lactonizing lipase from Aeromonas veronii (WP_021231793). Based on the predicted secondary structure, LipA was predicted to be an alkaline enzyme by sequence/structure analysis. Heterologous expression of lipA in E. coli BL21 (DE3) was performed and the characterization of the recombinant enzyme LipA showed that it is an alkaline enzyme with high tolerance to organic solvents. The isolated lipase LipA was active in the broad alkaline range, with the highest activity at pH 9.0, and had a high level of stability over a pH range of 7.0–12.0. The activity of LipA was increased in the presence of 5 mM Ca²⁺ and some organic solvents, e.g. methanol, acetone and isopropanol. The optimum temperature for the activity of LipA is 40 °C and the molecular weight of LipA was determined to be ~30 kDa by SDS-PAGE. LipA is an alkaline lipase and shows good tolerance to some organic solvents, which make it of potential utility in the detergent industry and enzyme mediated organic synthesis. The result of this study has broadened the diversity of known lipolytic genes and demonstrated that marine sponges are an important source for new enzymes.     

屋面绿化卷材根系层土壤温度变化特征

根据3种厚度屋面绿化卷材根系层土壤温度、自然条件下的土壤温度和附近气象站大气温度观测资料,采用对比分析、线性回归等方法,对不同屋面绿化卷材根系层土壤温度的变化特征进行了研究。结果表明:屋面绿化卷材根系层土壤温度年变化规律与大气温度年变化规律基本一致;卷材具有一定的隔热保温作用,且随着薄膜厚度的增加,绿化卷材保温隔热效果越明显;不同型号卷材根系层土壤温度的日变幅随薄膜厚度的增加而减小;根系层土温日变幅与厚度关系可拟合成指数函数;不同厚度屋面卷材根系层土壤温度同大气温度之间均存在极显著的线性关系。     

PTEN regulates RPA1 and protects DNA replication forks

Tumor suppressor PTEN regulates cellular activities and controls genome stability through multiple mechanisms. In this study, we report that PTEN is necessary for the protection of DNA replication forks against replication stress. We show that deletion of PTEN leads to replication fork collapse and chromosomal instability upon fork stalling following nucleotide depletion induced by hydroxyurea. PTEN is physically associated with replication protein A 1 (RPA1) via the RPA1 C-terminal domain. STORM and iPOND reveal that PTEN is localized at replication sites and promotes RPA1 accumulation on replication forks. PTEN recruits the deubiquitinase OTUB1 to mediate RPA1 deubiquitination. RPA1 deletion confers a phenotype like that observed in PTEN knockout cells with stalling of replication forks. Expression of PTEN and RPA1 shows strong correlation in colorectal cancer. Heterozygous disruption of RPA1 promotes tumorigenesis in mice. These results demonstrate that PTEN is essential for DNA replication fork protection. We propose that RPA1 is a target of PTEN function in fork protection and that PTEN maintains genome stability through regulation of DNA replication.     

溶藻细菌BS01产二异丁氧基苯基对塔玛亚历山大藻生长的影响

摘要:【目的】利用一株溶藻细菌BS01分泌的杀藻化合物(二异丁氧基苯基)胺作用于赤潮藻———塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense),研究该化合物对塔玛亚历山大藻的作用效果及可能的作用机制。【方法】利用10和20μg/mL的杀藻化合物处理塔玛亚历山大藻,观察藻细胞的响应。【结果】研究发现,利用20μg/mL的杀藻化合物处理藻,24 h后杀藻率达到84.1%,此时细胞内叶绿素a的含量仅为对照的58.5%。而当对藻细胞最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)进行测定时发现,20 μg/mL的浓度处理24 h后,最大光化学效率相比于对照细胞降低了55.5%,这说明藻细胞的光合作用过程受到抑制。细胞内部的活性氧(ROS)水平在处理0.5 h后即开始增高,并导致细胞内部的脂质过氧化,使细胞内丙二醛(MDA)的含量上升。藻细胞的抗氧化酶如超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性也有不同程度的增高,以清除细胞内部的活性氧。利用透射电镜观察发现,20 μg/mL的浓度处理24 h后,细胞内重要的细胞结构解体,细胞严重空泡化,显示出细胞死亡的特征。【结论】杀藻化合物(二异丁氧基苯基)胺能够通过引起藻细胞内部氧化损伤的方式引起藻细胞的死亡,同时该化合物仅针对少数几种藻类具有杀藻效果,因此该杀藻化合物在赤潮的治理方面具有较好的应用前景。