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51.
Upgrading the genome of an elite japonica rice variety Kongyu 131 for lodging resistance improvement
Chen Wang Xiaomin Feng Qingbo Yuan Kangxue Lin Xiaohui Zhang Li Yan Jianzong Nan Wenqi Zhang Rongsheng Wang Lihong Wang Qian Xue Xiaowen Yang Zhixia Liu Shaoyang Lin 《Plant biotechnology journal》2023,21(2):419-432
Developing a new rice variety requires tremendous efforts and years of input. To improve the defect traits of the excellent varieties becomes more cost and time efficient than breeding a completely new variety. Kongyu 131 is a high-performing japonica variety with early maturity, high yield, wide adaptability and cold resistance, but the poor-lodging resistance hinders the industrial production of Kongyu 131 in the Northeastern China. In this study, we attempted to improve the lodging resistance of Kongyu 131 from perspectives of both gene and trait. On the one hand, by QTL analysis and fine mapping we discovered the candidate gene loci. The following CRISPR/Cas9 and transgenic complementation study confirmed that Sd1 dominated the lodging resistance and favourable allele was mined for precise introduction and improvement. On the other hand, the Sd1 allelic variant was identified in Kongyu 131 by sequence alignment, then introduced another excellent allelic variation by backcrossing. Then, the two new resulting Kongyu 131 went through the field evaluation under different environments, planting densities and nitrogen fertilizer conditions. The results showed that the plant height of upgraded Kongyu 131 was 17%–26% lower than Kongyu 131 without penalty in yield. This study demonstrated a precise and targeted way to update the rice genome and upgrade the elite rice varieties by improving only a few gene defects from the perspective of breeding. 相似文献
52.
The harpacticoid copepodTisbe holothuriae has been cultivated in the Helgoland laboratory for more than 20 years. The effects of density on the larval development
and the female productivity were studied by comparing two culture systems: (1) enclosed system, and (2) running-water system.
In both systems, a nutritious mixed diet ofDunaliella tertiolecta, Skeletonema costatum, and granulatedMytilus edulis was offered. Larval mortality, larval development and female productivity are found to be significantly dependent on both
the population density and specificity of the culture system. Increasing density causes higher larval mortality, longer larval
development time, and a reduction in female productivity. In comparison with the enclosed system, the running-water system
shows decisive advantages: larval mortality is about 20% lower, the rate of larval development is about two days shorter,
and there is a very high rate of nauplii production. The sex ratio exhibits high variations, but in general, there is no clear
relationship between sex ratio and population density. Nevertheless, when reared in the running-water system, a relatively
high percentage of females (>45%) was found at lower densities. 相似文献
53.
Jianping Liu Bo Nie Boling Yu Feiyun Xu Qian Zhang Ya Wang Weifeng Xu 《Plant biotechnology journal》2023,21(8):1590-1610
Ubc13 is required for Lys63-linked polyubiquitination and innate immune responses in mammals, but its functions in plant immunity still remain largely unknown. Here, we used molecular biological, pathological, biochemical, and genetic approaches to evaluate the roles of rice OsUbc13 in response to pathogens. The OsUbc13-RNA interference (RNAi) lines with lesion mimic phenotypes displayed a significant increase in the accumulation of flg22- and chitin-induced reactive oxygen species, and in defence-related genes expression or hormones as well as resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae. Strikingly, OsUbc13 directly interacts with OsSnRK1a, which is the α catalytic subunit of SnRK1 (sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase-1) and acts as a positive regulator of broad-spectrum disease resistance in rice. In the OsUbc13-RNAi plants, although the protein level of OsSnRK1a did not change, its activity and ABA sensitivity were obviously enhanced, and the K63-linked polyubiquitination was weaker than that of wild-type Dongjin (DJ). Overexpression of the deubiquitinase-encoding gene OsOTUB1.1 produced similar effects with inhibition of OsUbc13 in affecting immunity responses, M. oryzae resistance, OsSnRK1a ubiquitination, and OsSnRK1a activity. Furthermore, re-interfering with OsSnRK1a in one OsUbc13-RNAi line (Ri-3) partially restored its M. oryzae resistance to a level between those of Ri-3 and DJ. Our data demonstrate OsUbc13 negatively regulates immunity against pathogens by enhancing the activity of OsSnRK1a. 相似文献
54.
Yong Qian Wu Timothy Lawrence Jun Qing Guo Patrick M. Woster 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》1993,3(12):2811-2816
A pair of -cyano analogues of decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine (2a and 2b) were synthesized as potential enzyme activated, irreversible inhibitors of the[pyruvoyl enzyme S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMet-DC). Each of these analogues acts as an irreversible inactivator for ADoMet-DC from Escherichia coli (IC50 values of 9 and 50 μM, respectively). These analogues also inactivate human AdoMet-DC, with KI values of 246.6 and 7.2 μM, and kinact values of 0.29 and 0.03 min−1, respectively. 相似文献
55.
研究证明Paracarinachitids的外骨骼都不是由8个骨板组成,骨片具有清楚的微层构造,表明它们是由叠覆的生长层组成,每个生长节上有一个小刺,在顶端下侧面前端都有肾形缺凹。同一标本上存在顶端部的融合和远顶端部的分节彼此递交的现象表明这种表象上的差异是后期次生磷灰石包裹或腐蚀的结果;其下侧缘融合和下侧面无缝隙的现象说明将Paracarinachites spinus的骨片分成头板、中间板和尾板是没有根据的。骨片表面存在的针状体是成岩作用的产物,它是粘土矿物和磷酸盐针状结晶体而不是多板纲的骨针。凡此强有力地说明Yangtzechiton是Paracarinachites的晚出同义名。根据形态功能、组织结构,特别是叠覆状排列的骨片和孤立的生长节等特征,paracarinachitids 可能与zhijinitids有密切关系,但两者是否同源尚缺少进一步的证据、据此,笔者认为将paracarinachitids 暂置于分类位置未定的具骨片后生动物较妥。 相似文献
56.
The conformationally restricted S-adenosylmethionine analogue AdoMac (S-(5′-deoxy-5′-adenosyl)-1-ammonio-4-methylsulfonio-2-cyclopentene has been shown to act as an enzyme activated, irreversible inhibitor of theEscherichia coli form of the enzyme S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. Inactivation of the enzyme is presumably initiated by formation of an imine linkage between the inhibitor and the terminal pyruvate of the enzyme, followed by base-catalyzed elimination of methylthioadenosine and generation of a latent electrophile. Removal of the driving force for the elimination of methylthioadenosine resulted in a reversibly binding inhibitor. Thus, the thioether analogue corresponding to AdoMac, and the corresponding dihydro derivative (H2-AdoMac), reversibly inhibit the enzyme. AdoMac was resolved into its four pure diastereomeric forms, and each diastereomer was evaluated as an irreversible inhibitor of the enzyme. The KI values for the individual diastereomers range between 3.83 and 39.6 μM, with the cis-1S,4R diastereomer being the most potent inhibitor. However, the kinact values for the four diastereomers are not significantly different, suggesting that the binding of each diastereomer to the enzyme is configuration-dependent, while the subsequent inactivation likely proceeds through a single intermediate which is formed from each of the four diastereomers. Since each pure diastereomer represents a distinct conformational mimic exhibiting restricted sidechain rotation, the data suggests that these and related analogues may be useful as conformational probes for the catalytic site of AdoMet-DC. 相似文献
57.
In observational cohort studies with complex sampling schemes, truncation arises when the time to event of interest is observed only when it falls below or exceeds another random time, that is, the truncation time. In more complex settings, observation may require a particular ordering of event times; we refer to this as sequential truncation. Estimators of the event time distribution have been developed for simple left-truncated or right-truncated data. However, these estimators may be inconsistent under sequential truncation. We propose nonparametric and semiparametric maximum likelihood estimators for the distribution of the event time of interest in the presence of sequential truncation, under two truncation models. We show the equivalence of an inverse probability weighted estimator and a product limit estimator under one of these models. We study the large sample properties of the proposed estimators and derive their asymptotic variance estimators. We evaluate the proposed methods through simulation studies and apply the methods to an Alzheimer's disease study. We have developed an R package, seqTrun , for implementation of our method. 相似文献
58.
Kai-Wen Zhang Yuan Jia Yue-Yue Li Dan-Yang Guo Xiao-Xiao Li Kai Hu Xiao-Xi Qian Zhong-Hua Chen Jun-Jie Wu Zheng-Dong Yuan Feng-Lai Yuan 《Journal of cellular physiology》2023,238(2):355-365
Wound healing is a complex and error-prone process. Wound healing in adults often leads to the formation of scars, a type of fibrotic tissue that lacks skin appendages. Hypertrophic scars and keloids can also form when the wound-healing process goes wrong. Leptin (Lep) and leptin receptors (LepRs) have recently been shown to affect multiple stages of wound healing. This effect, however, is paradoxical for scarless wound healing. On the one hand, Lep exerts pro-inflammatory and profibrotic effects; on the other hand, Lep can regulate hair follicle growth. This paper summarises the role of Lep and LepRs on cells in different stages of wound healing, briefly introduces the process of wound healing and Lep and LepRs, and examines the possibility of promoting scarless wound healing through spatiotemporal, systemic, and local regulation of Lep levels and the binding of Lep and LepRs. 相似文献
59.
60.
Zhizhong Dai Henry Lackland Stanley Stein Qian Li Robin Radziewicz Stephanie Williams Leonard H. Sigal 《生物化学与生物物理学报:疾病的分子基础》1993,1181(1):97-100
A monoclonal antibody (H9724), specific for the 41-kDa flagellar protein of the Lyme disease pathogen Borrelia burgdorferi, cross-reacts with human axons and detects one major protein in human neuroblastoma cell extracts. The homologous cross-reacting protein has now been isolated from calf adrenal and identified as chaperonin-HSP60 by N-terminal sequencing. 相似文献