中华白蛉的自育性研究

现场及实验室结果表明,我国黄土高原的大多数中华白蛉(Phlebotomus chinensis)应属自育性品系,它通常在羽化后、吸血前经交配能依靠腹节内脂肪体发育卵泡,一般在产卵后始行吸血。其生理性状是:胃内无血、腹节内有大量块状或条状脂肪体。羽化24小时后,附腺内有暗色颗粒,卵巢内有发育的卵泡。在25℃士1℃下它的生活史分快、慢两型。快型从卵至成虫仅需44—50夭,慢型需要以四龄幼虫滞育,其长短随滞育期而定,最长的滞育期达301天。观察了白蛉幼虫在饥饿状态下对自育性的影响。此外,还比较了吸血白蛉与自育性白蛉的妊卵数。吸血白蛉的妊卵数约较自育性的高出1/5。这种自育性品系的中华白蛉在自然居群约内占92%、主要栖于洞穴内为野栖种类。本文对自育性中华白蛉的生态及其防制策略作了分析和讨论。     

球针壳属一新种和一新组合

本文报道了球针壳属(Phyllactinia)的一个新种和一个新组合,即寄生于杜鹃花科(Ericaceae)吊钟花属(ENkianthus)灯笼花(E.chinensis Franch)上的灯笼花球针壳(Phyllactiniaenkianthi z.y. zhao sp. nov.)和寄生于茶藨子科(Grossulariaceae)茶藨子(Ribes sp.)上的茶藨子球针壳(Phyllactinia ribesii(Jacz.)z. y. zhao comb. nov.)。上述新分类单位均有汉文和拉丁文描述,新分类单位与近似种有汉文讨论。     

肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族成员在免疫系统和疾病中的研究

肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族 (tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, TNFRSF) 是细胞因子受体的一个蛋白质超家族,其显著特征是通过细胞外富含半胱氨酸结构域结合肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)。肿瘤坏死因子受体(tumor necrosis factor receptors,TNFRs)是古老的细胞因子,TNFRs同源基因最早可追溯到节肢动物果蝇中。TNFRs在炎症反应、细胞凋亡、淋巴细胞稳态和组织发育中发挥重要的作用,TNFRs最主要的功能是与免疫系统相关。鉴于其在免疫系统中发挥重要的作用,肿瘤坏死因子受体家族成员已成为治疗糖尿病、动脉粥样硬化、骨质疏松、自身免疫性疾病、移植排斥反应和癌症等人类疾病的靶点。随着科学技术发展,关于TNFRs的功能有了新的进展,在无脊椎动物和低等脊椎动物中已经有大量报道。在本篇综述中,主要总结了在高等哺乳动物中发现的29种TNFR成员的相关报道,包括8种死亡受体和21种非死亡受体,主要涉及在免疫系统以及与疾病相关领域的研究。大多数研究处于基础实验阶段,少数走向临床研究的案例取得的临床效果并不理想,靶向设计针对自身免疫性疾病、炎症和肿瘤疾病的治疗方案需要更深入的理解TNFRs功能。本文旨在对TNFRs成员发挥的功能有进一步的认识。     

贵州宽叶缬草油的化学成分

贵州产宽叶缬草(Valeriana officinalis L.var.latifolia Miq.)油,用Finnigan4510型毛细管气相色谱/质谱/计算机联用方法进行了化学成分分析,共检出了29个成分鉴定了其中21个成分,占全精油的92.33%,主要成分为乙酸龙脑酯,α-蒎烯,莰烯,β-蒎烯,柠檬烯,乙酸葛缕酯,二氢乙酸葛缕酯等。该油芬芳,适于调配烟用香精,亦用于调节器配食用香精和化妆品香精。     

Effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha on the secretion of human prolactin

This study examines the role of PGF2a (prostaglandin F2alpha) in increasing the secretion rate of human prolactin. 11 women (mean gestational period, 18 weeks) seeking pregnancy termination were divided into 4 groups: 1) Group 1 consisted of 6 women who received 30 mg initially of PGF2a injected intramuscularly and an additional 15 mg after 24 hours if abortion had not occured; mean induction to termination period was 38 hours; 2) Group 2 comprised of 3 women who received PGF2a (500-1500 ug) via the transcervical route at 1 to 2 hourly interval; average number of injections was 20; mean induction to termination period, 24 hours; 3) Group 3 had 2 women receiving hypertonic saline by intraamniotic injection; mean induction to termination period was 51 hours; 4) Group 4 had 4 women who served as controls; mean observation period, 20 hours. Venous blood samples were heparinized in tubes at intervals of 2 to 3 hours. A homologous radioimmunoassay using highly purified human prolactin (for iodination and standards) plus rabbit antihuman prolactin measured serum prolactin. Spikes of serum prolactin up to 550 ng/ml were observed at irregular intervals in 5 women in Group 1; the spikes were less frequent and of smaller amplitude in Groups 3 and 4. The increase in serum prolactin was dramatic and more sustained in Group 2 patients and peaked towards the end of the prostaglandin infusion. Serum prolactin of Group 2 patients were significantly higher than those of Groups 3 and 4 (p0.01). 5 of 9 women whose pregnancies were terminated by PGF2a lactated. However, there was no significant difference between the mean serum prolactin levels in women who lactated (136 ng/ml) and those who did not (120 ng/ml). Although PGF2a is not a lactogenic hormone, this study shows that PGF2a stimulates the secretion of human prolactin during second trimester pregnancy. The fact that the transcervical route caused a significant increase in serum prolactin and the intraamniotic route did not is attributed to the increased systemic absorption of PGF2a following transcervical administration. No correlation was seen between the presence or absence of lactation and the serum prolactin level following pregnancy termination with PGF2a.     

聚乙二醇处理大豆种子子叶中几种酶活性和可溶性蛋白含量的变化

聚乙二醇处理的大豆种子的异柠檬酸裂解酶、苹果酸脱氢酶、过氧化氢酶、超氧物歧化酶、酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶的活性明显高于受低温吸胀冷害的种子子叶的活性,相关的酶活性协同地增长,而蛋白质的含量没有明显的变化。这些酶活性的提高可能是渗透调控处理对细胞膜系统修补的结果。     

毛木耳一新变种

本文报道了发现于河北省石家庄地区的木耳科(Auricualariaceae)、木耳属(Auricu-laria)毛木耳的一个白色变种。其色泽如银耳故命名银白木耳[A．Polytricha(Mont.)Sacc. Var．Argentca D．Z．Zhao et C．J．Waag var．Nov．]是经济价值高、可供进一步开发应用的食用菌新菌种。通过三代五次人工驯化培养,生物性状稳定,颜色纯白,朵大肉厚,外观美丽,并具有抗木霉、耐高温,生物效率高等特点。     

大熊猫与金黄地鼠体外异种受精的研究

在大熊猫精子与地鼠卵的体外异种受精中,发现大熊猫精子穿入地鼠卵后可以激活受精卵产生极区,释放第二极体,受精卵内雌性原核形成。与此同时,地鼠卵的胞质也能促使大熊猫精子头发育成雄性原核,异种精卵间的相互作用与同种受精的相似。 细胞松弛素B能阻抑大熊猫雄性原核从地鼠卵皮层迁移到卵的中央,实验表明大熊猫雄性原核的迁移也受异种卵的微丝的控制。     

珠恙螨属一新种：真螨目：恙螨科

本文描述1个珠恙螨属 Doloisia一新种,采自广东省罗定县社鼠 Rattus confucianus 鼻内,其感器双角状,盾板后侧毛的分枝长密,前侧毛光裸;足指数795。     

Molecular cloning of rat cytolysin

Rat cytolysin is one of the cytolytic factors present in the cytoplasmic granules of rat NK-like cytolytic cells and purified cytolysin exhibits an apparent Mr or 70 kDa. Cytolysis produced by cytolysin occurs in the presence of Ca2+ and is accompanied by the formation of membrane lesions of 160 A diameter. We have isolated a cDNA encoding rat cytolysin from the cDNA library of a rat large granular lymphocyte (LGL) cell line, by hybridization of the rat library with a cDNA probe for mouse perforin. The amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the isolated cDNA insert indicates that the mature cytolysin protein consist of 534 amino acids with a leader peptide of 20 amino acids. The protein contains two functionally important domains: the first domain is believed to contain the transmembrane channel and the second domain consists of an epidermal growth factor-type "class B" cysteine-rich region. A comparison with mouse perforin indicates that the two genes are very similar (89.9% nucleotide and 84.9% amino acid identity). Northern blot hybridization analysis indicates that cytolysin mRNA is expressed in rat lymphocytes (lymphokine-activated killer cells and LGL cells) and LGL cell lines.