Low Molecular Weight Heparin Ablates Lung Cancer Cisplatin-Resistance by Inducing Proteasome-Mediated ABCG2 Protein Degradation

Cancer side population (SP) cells, which are often referred to as cancer stem cells, are thought to be responsible for lung cancer chemotherapy resistance, and currently no drug can specifically target these cells. We hypothesize low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) may affect the biological properties of SP cells and could be used to clinically target these cells. To test this, SP cells were isolated from cisplatin (DDP)-resistant lung adenocarcinoma A549/DDP cells by flow cytometric sorting. Compared to non-SP cells, SP cells formed increased numbers of colonies in vitro, and had a 1000-fold increase in tumorigenicity in vivo. Proliferation and apoptosis assays demonstrated LMWH had no significant effect on lung SP cell proliferation or apoptosis. However, LMWH reduced lung SP cell colony formation ability and protein expression of the multidrug transporter, ABCG2, by FACS and western blot analyses without affecting its mRNA levels by RT-PCR. Consistently, immunohistochemistry stainings of ABCG2 in LMWH-treated tumor tissues were significantly reduced compared with those in controls. Further, we found proteasomal inhibitor MG132, but not lysosomal inhibitors leupeptin and pepstatin A, could restore ABCG2 protein levels in LMWH-treated SP cells. These suggest LMWH ablates lung SP cell chemoresistance by proteasome-mediated reduction of ABCG2 protein levels without affecting its mRNA levels. We also determined LMWH combined with cisplatin could overcome cisplatin-resistance and induced lung SP cells apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. This study provides an experimental basis for using a combination of LMWH, which targets lung SP cells, with chemotherapy to improve lung cancer survival.     

乏情和发情初产母猪下丘脑–垂体–卵巢轴中lincRNAs表达谱比较分析

初产母猪断奶后能否正常发情对养猪生产影响重大,也是初产母猪被淘汰的主要原因。本研究以乏情和发情初产母猪为研究对象,首次利用RNA-seq技术对其下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴中的基因间长链非编码RNAs(long intergenic noncoding RNAs,lincRNAs)进行筛选比较,得到lincRNAs的表达图谱,并对其特征和功能进行了初步分析。结果显示,在乏情和发情初产母猪下丘脑–垂体–卵巢轴中鉴定得到3519个lincRNAs,以发情组为对照共有17个lincRNAs存在差异表达,其中12个表达上调,5个表达下调(FC≥2,P<0.05)。选择4个差异表达的lincRNAs经qRT-PCR验证,其表达水平与测序结果基本一致。对这17个差异表达的lincRNAs进行GO分析、KEGG通路分析及lincRNA-mRNA共表达网络分析,发现这些lincRNAs主要与猪卵母细胞减数分裂成熟、卵巢细胞分化及颗粒细胞凋亡等生殖活动相关。本研究结果丰富了猪lincRNAs数据资源,为进一步深入研究初产母猪的生殖机能提供了理论依据。     

土壤理化性质驱动烤烟根际细菌群落的组配及其共现性网络互作

【目的】解析土壤微生物在植物根际的组配机制对于认识和维护农田生态系统的稳定性至关重要。【方法】通过Illumina高通量测序和生物信息学分析方法明确了我国主要种植烟草生态区烤烟根际土壤细菌群落与土壤理化性质的互作关系。【结果】烤烟根际细菌类群主要为放线菌纲(Actinobacteria)、α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)、γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)和嗜热油菌纲(Thermoleophilia)。细菌群落组成按生态区聚类,且样本空间距离和细菌群落相似度显著负相关。共现性网络分析表明,烤烟根际细菌群落间协同作用大于拮抗作用,武陵秦巴生态区、黄淮平原生态区、南岭丘陵生态区和沂蒙丘陵生态区细菌群落高度模块化,小单胞菌属(Micromonospora)为南岭丘陵生态区和黄淮生态区细菌共现性网络的网络中心,Bryobacter和气单胞菌属(Arenimonas)为南岭丘陵生态区细菌网络的模块核心,其菌群特性而非相对丰度决定了其在稳定细菌网络中的重要作用。冗余分析结果证实pH、有效铁、交换性镁和有效锰能显著影响烤烟根际细菌群落结构。【结论】烤烟根际细...     

Site-selective lateral multilayer assembly of bienzyme with polyelectrolyte on ITO electrode based on electric field-induced directly layer-by-layer deposition

We describe here a new approach to construct a multilayer enzyme/polyelectrolyte film on a structured transparent indium-tin oxide (ITO) covered glass electrode surface as micropattern, on which two different types of enzyme distributed laterally on one common substrate without interference. The multilayer film was prepared by alternate electric field directed layer-by-layer assembly deposition and alternate deposition of different redox enzymes and polyelectrolyte poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) onto the site-selective ITO glass electrode surface. The cyclic voltammogram, obtained from the ITO glass electrode modified with the glucose oxidase (GO(X))/PDDA and catalase (CA(T))/PDDA multilayers, revealed that the bioelectrocatalytic response is directly correlated to the number of deposition bilayers. From the analysis of cyclic voltammetric characterization, the coverage of catalytically active enzymes per enzyme/PDDA bilayer during the multilayer formation was homogeneous, which demonstrates that the multilayer is constructed in a spatially ordered manner. Also, from the atomic force microscopy and Brewster angle microscopy measurements, more information of the multilayer constructed by different methods on the modified electrode surface is obtained and compared. This fabrication technique is simple and would be applicable to the construction of a thickness- and area-controlled biopattern composed of multi-enzymes as well as multiple biomaterials.     

鹅细小病毒vp基因片段的原核表达及抗血清的制备

以鹅细小病毒(Gooseparvovirus,GPV)HG5/82株基因组作为PCR反应模板,扩增vp基因3’端长864bp的基因片段,将其克隆到pMD18-TSimple克隆载体后转化入大肠杆菌TG1。筛选阳性质粒,并通过BamHⅠ和HindⅢ将外源基因定向克隆到原核表达载体pET-30a,阳性重组质粒经确证性序列测定,证明外源片断插入到pET-30a的预期位置。将其转入大肠杆菌BL21,经终浓度为0.6mmol/L的IPTG诱导,SDS-PAGE表明外源基因获得表达,融合蛋白分子量约为34kDa。将诱导后的工程菌用6mol/L盐酸胍裂解,经超声处理后离心,利用镍离子亲和树脂对裂解产物的上清进行纯化。用纯化的融合蛋白免疫新西兰白兔制备兔抗该融合蛋白的抗血清。Westernblotting结果表明制备的兔抗血清与该融合蛋白及亲本病毒的结构蛋白都具有反应性。结合前期工作进展对GPVVP蛋白的B细胞线性抗原表位进行定位。     

Engineering stress tolerance in transgenic plants

Research in our laboratory has focused on the analysis of the functions of a variety of enzymes that are involved in the scavenging of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) such as superoxide radicals (·O ₂ ⁻ ) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Recent work has been on transgenic plants that over-express glutathione S-transferases (GST) that also have glutathione peroxidase activity. Transgenic tobacco plants that contain gene constructs that encode two different tobacco GST’s had elevated levels of both GST and GPX activity. Analysis of mature vegetative transgenic tobacco plants that over-express GST/GPX failed to show any increase in paraquat tolerance or protection from photooxidative stress. However, seeds of these GST/GPX-expressing tobacco lines are capable of more rapid germination and seedling growth at low temperatures and at elevated salt concentrations. Reduced levels of lipid peroxidation were noted in GST/GPX-expressing seedling compared to control seedlings under both stressful and non-stressful conditions. In addition, GST/GPX-expressing seedlings significantly accumulated more oxidized glutathione (GSSG) than control seedlings during stress. These characteristics clearly indicate that over-expression of GST/GPX in transgenic seedlings can have substantial effects on their stress tolerance. Furthermore, it appears that this effect is due primarily to the elevated levels of GPX activity.     

ASPP2增强结肠癌HCT116细胞对奥沙利铂的化疗敏感性

为研究ASPP2对奥沙利铂诱导的结肠癌细胞系HCT116 p53+/+(野生型)凋亡及周期的影响.利用ASPP2（rAd-ASPP2）及p53腺病毒（rAd-p53）感染HCT116 p53+/+细胞,经奥沙利铂50 μmol/L诱导细胞凋亡及周期改变.Western印迹检测ASPP2及p53的表达水平;MTT法检测ASPP2腺病毒对奥沙利铂诱导的HCT116细胞活性的影响;Calcein/PI吸收试验检测细胞凋亡情况;流式细胞术分析细胞周期分布. 结果显示,ASPP2、p53共同过表达,或者ASPP2单独过表达均能增强奥沙利铂诱导的HCT116 p53+/+细胞增殖抑制,以及S期抑制并伴有细胞凋亡水平的升高;而无奥沙利铂诱导时,ASPP2对HCT116 p53+/+细胞的活性、细胞周期及细胞凋亡水平的影响无统计学意义. 上述结果表明,ASPP2能够增强奥沙利铂诱导HCT116 p53+/+细胞的增殖抑制、细胞周期抑制和细胞凋亡.     

电离辐射诱导的DNA双链断裂

利用γ射线和不同ＬＥＴ的碳离子幅照小鼠Ｂ１６黑色素瘤细胞、Ｈｅｌａ细胞、Ｖ７９中国仓鼠肺细胞和人肝癌ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１细胞的ＤＮＡ,采用脉冲场凝电泳结合荧光扫描技术研究了ＤＮＡ双链断裂（ＤＳＢ）片段的分布。结果发现ＤＳＢ片段是非随机分布的,而且这种分布与ＤＮＡ序列有关。原因可能在于沉积的能量直接或间接沿ＤＮＡ链迁移,链上相对较弱的化学键优先产生反应,并最终导致链的断裂,从而引起断裂的不均匀分布。     

MSCT-3D技术在动物与人骨骼形态比较研究中的应用

目的应用MSCT-3D显示技术比较正常贵州香猪、Marshall比格犬、恒河猴与人上肢带骨及躯干骨的形态学差异。方法采用MSCT分别对贵州香猪、比格犬和恒河猴进行CT全身扫描并进行图像重建,观察其上肢带骨、躯干骨形态结构与人的异同。结果比格犬、恒河猴、贵州香猪脊椎骨和肋的基本组成与人相同,脊椎骨由椎体和附件组成,肋骨包括真肋、假肋和浮肋。而脊柱曲度、各段椎骨数目、胸骨结构、肋的数目、胸肋连接、上肢带骨的组成与人不同,恒河猴的脊柱曲度和上肢带骨连接与人相同,有颈、胸、腰、骶四个生理性弯曲并由锁骨和肩胛骨共同连接自由上肢骨,比格犬和贵州香猪只有颈、胸腰、骶三个生理性弯曲,仅由肩胛骨连接自由上肢骨。结论恒河猴躯干骨和上肢带骨与人有良好的相似性,而比格犬和贵州香猪与人差别较大。MSCT-3D技术为实验动物形态学比较研究提供了一种相对无创、快速、可以在体研究并动态连续观察的科学有效方法。     

基于酵母水平的高通量药物筛选

随着后基因组时代的到来,越来越多的药物靶标蛋白将会被发现,基于靶标蛋白设计出的化合物也将大量涌现,高通量药物筛选日趋重要。酵母基因组的易操作性及其简单稳定的培养条件,使得该真核微生物成为一种理想的药物筛选工程细胞。本文讨论了选择酵母系统进行细胞水平筛选的优缺点,并从基于靶点和表型两种筛选模式对酵母水平的高通量药物筛选做一总结。