Genetic analysis of leaffolder resistance in rice

A double haploid(DH)population,which consists of 120 lines derived from anther culture of a typical indica and japonica hybrid'CJ06'/'TN1',was used to investigate the genetic basis for rice leaffolder resistance.Using a constructed molecular linkage map,five QTLs for rolled leaves were detected on chromosomes 1,2,3,4,and 8.The positive alleles from C J06 on chromosomes 3,4,and 8 in-creased the resistance to dee leaffolder,and the alleles from TN1 on chromosomes 1 and 2 also enhanced resistance to leaffolder.The interactions between QTLs were identified and tested,and four conditional interactions were acquired for resistance to rice leaffolder.These loci were located on chromosomes 2,9,10,and 11,respectively.QTL pyramiding indicated that the positive alleles affect resis-tance to leaffolder.The prospective application of this data in rice breeding was also discussed.     

米槠与杉木细根凋落物是否在自身群落中分解得更快？

本研究应用网袋法对福建省万木林自然保护区米槠(Castanopsis carlesii)、杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata) 细根在米槠林群落和杉木林群落交叉分解进行了为期2年的研究。结果表明, 0~1 mm、1~2 mm米槠细根在米槠群落比在杉木群落分解速率快, 而相同径级杉木细根在两群落分解差异较大。0~1 mm杉木细根在杉木群落的分解速率高于米槠群落, 而1~2 mm杉木细根在杉木群落的分解速率只及米槠群落的48％。米槠、杉木细根在两群落分解的差异表明, 群落立地条件对细根分解存在较大的影响。     

Identification of an antigenic determinant on the S2 domain of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike glycoprotein capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a life-threatening disease caused by a newly identified coronavirus (CoV), SARS-CoV. The spike (S) glycoprotein of CoV is the major structural protein responsible for induction of host immune response and virus neutralization by antibodies. Hence, knowledge of neutralization determinants on the S protein is helpful for designing protective vaccines. To analyze the antigenic structure of the SARS-CoV S2 domain, the carboxyl-terminal half of the S protein, we first used sera from convalescent SARS patients to test the antigenicity of 12 overlapping fragments spanning the entire S2 and identified two antigenic determinants (Leu 803 to Ala 828 and Pro 1061 to Ser 1093). To determine whether neutralizing antibodies can be elicited by these two determinants, we immunized animals and found that both of them could induce the S2-specific antisera. In some animals, however, only one determinant (Leu 803 to Ala 828) was able to induce the antisera with the binding ability to the native S protein and the neutralizing activity to the SARS-CoV pseudovirus. This determinant is highly conserved across different SARS-CoV isolates. Identification of a conserved antigenic determinant on the S2 domain of the SARS-CoV S protein, which has the potential for inducing neutralizing antibodies, has implications in the development of effective vaccines against SARS-CoV.     

Ion channels in small cells and subcellular structures can be studied with a smart patch-clamp system

We have developed a scanning patch-clamp technique that facilitates single-channel recording from small cells and submicron cellular structures that are inaccessible by conventional methods. The scanning patch-clamp technique combines scanning ion conductance microscopy and patch-clamp recording through a single glass nanopipette probe. In this method the nanopipette is first scanned over a cell surface, using current feedback, to obtain a high-resolution topographic image. This same pipette is then used to make the patch-clamp recording. Because image information is obtained via the patch electrode it can be used to position the pipette onto a cell with nanometer precision. The utility of this technique is demonstrated by obtaining ion channel recordings from the top of epithelial microvilli and openings of cardiomyocyte T-tubules. Furthermore, for the first time we have demonstrated that it is possible to record ion channels from very small cells, such as sperm cells, under physiological conditions as well as record from cellular microstructures such as submicron neuronal processes.     

水稻旱育稀植高产栽培的生理生态研究 Ⅱ.早稻高产形成与生理生化特性

本研究结果表明,旱育秧苗移栽大田后仍能保持较强的生理生化优势,从分蘖期到乳熟期,旱育秧植株的抗坏血酸氧化酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、ＡＴＰ酶和硝酸还原酶活性分别比对照高４．０９～１２．２２％、８．２２～１９．６８％、１０．１９～２４．７３％、２．７７～２２．３６％、３６．１１～１３７．５％和２６．１１～１３５．２％,丙二醛含量降低５．０４～７．１４％,膜透性相应减少２９～１６．０６％,因而抗逆性强,秧苗移栽后返青快、分蘖早、成穗率高,叶片不早衰,干物质积累多,高产．     

Understanding and Improving Mechanical Stability in Electrodeposited Cu and Bi for Dynamic Windows Based on Reversible Metal Electrodeposition

Dynamic windows based on reversible metal electrodeposition (RME) can electronically adjust light transmission from ≈70% to <0.1% to improve building aesthetics and energy efficiency by controlling light and heat flow. For RME devices using Cu and Bi, the windows reach “privacy state” (<0.1% transmission) when ≈180 nm of metal is electrodeposited on the transparent conducting electrode. When films with a plated atomic Cu–Bi ratio of ≈2:1 rest in the privacy state, sinusoidal cracks form across the entire film, and the metal delaminates in <1 day. This mechanical failure renders the window unusable as specks of metal are visually unattractive and reduce the dynamic range of the window. The Cu–Bi film is stress free upon deposition, but after 4 h of resting, 38 MPa of tensile stress develops. The tension in Cu–Bi and Cu films combined with the Cu(ClO₄)₂ in the electrolyte results in severe, widespread fractures and delamination due to stress corrosion cracking. In contrast, electrodeposited Bi films have compressive stress, likely due to high self-diffusion and insertion of atoms into grain boundaries while plating, which results in a Bi-based dynamic window with crack-free resting stability that exceeds 9 weeks.     

山东阳谷县黑线仓鼠种群数量预测预报

作者于１９８２－１９９２年对山东省阳谷县黑线仓鼠的种群数量作了调查,并应用逐步回归分析法预报了阳谷,薛城１９９３年３月份,５月份、８月份和１１月份黑线仓鼠的鼠害发生程度,预报值与实测值基本相符。     

水稻叶片水势的QTL定位与候选基因分析

为探究叶片水势(LWP)相关基因在水稻(Oryza sativa)抗旱中的作用及其遗传机制,以热研2号(Nekken2)和华占(HZ)为亲本以及构建的120个重组自交系(RILs)群体为实验材料,对水稻分蘖期叶片水势进行检测,并利用前期基于高通量测序构建的分子遗传连锁图谱进行数量性状基因座(QTL)分析。结果表明,共检...     

茶树花挥发物对叶蝉三棒缨小蜂的引诱增强效应

茶树(Camellia sinensis)是我国重要的经济作物。小贯小绿叶蝉(Empoasca onukii)是为害茶树的主要害虫之一。叶蝉三棒缨小蜂(Stethynium empoascae)是小贯小绿叶蝉的主要卵寄生蜂,但茶树花对叶蝉三棒缨小蜂的引诱机制尚不明确。基于析因设计的方差分析结果显示,茶树花可引诱天敌叶蝉...